• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.469-479
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• 2003

Let B be the open unit ball in $C^{n}$ and ${\mu}_{q}$(q > -1) the Lebesgue measure such that ${\mu}_{q}$(B) ＝ 1. Let ${L_{a,q}}^2$ be the subspace of ${L^2(B,D{\mu}_q)$ consisting of analytic functions, and let $\overline{{L_{a,q}}^2}$ be the subspace of ${L^2(B,D{\mu}_q)$) consisting of conjugate analytic functions. Let $\bar{P}$ be the orthogonal projection from ${L^2(B,D{\mu}_q)$ into $\overline{{L_{a,q}}^2}$. The little Hankel operator ${h_{\varphi}}^{q}\;:\;{L_{a,q}}^2\;{\rightarrow}\;{\overline}{{L_{a,q}}^2}$ is defined by ${h_{\varphi}}^{q}(\cdot)\;=\;{\bar{P}}({\varphi}{\cdot})$. In this paper, we will find the necessary and sufficient condition that the little Hankel operator ${h_{\varphi}}^{q}$ is bounded(or compact).

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.82-87
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• 2023

This study proposes a pH-dissolved-oxygen monitoring system using 8-HydroxyPyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid Trisodium Salt (HPTS) and tris(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)Ruthenium(II) chloride (Ru_dpp). Commercial water-quality sensors are electrochemical devices that require frequent calibration and cleaning, are subject to high maintenance costs, and have difficulties conducting measurements in real-time. The proposed pH-dissolved-oxygen monitoring system selects a thin-film sensing layer to measure the change in fluorescence intensity. This change in fluorescence intensity is based on reactions with hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution at a given pH and specific amount of dissolved oxygen. The change in fluorescence intensity is then measured using light-emitting diodes and photodiodes in response to HPTS and Ru_dpp. This method enables the development of a relatively small, inexpensive, and real-time measureable water-quality measurement system.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
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• v.34S no.11
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• pp.148-155
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• 1997

Ths signal processing technqiue of FET type electrolyte sensors using the back propagation neural network was studied to reduce the interference effects of the different electrolytes. The FET-type electrolyte sensors, pH-ISFET, K-ISFET, and Ca-ISFET, were prepared to measure the pH, K, and Ca electrolytes. Neural network consisted of three layers was learned with 8 patterns and 9 patterns. The sensor output obtained with arbitrary concentrations was processed by the learned neural network. The errors obtained from calibration curve for pH, K, and Ca were .+-.0.039 pH, .+-.2.508 mmol/l, and .+-.1.807 mmol/l, respectively, without considering the interference effects. The errors of the network output for pH, K, and Ca were reduced to .+-.0.005 pH, .+-.0.436 mmol/l, and .+-.0.381 mmol/l in case of 9 patterns, respectively. the signal processing using the neural network can reduce the errors ofthe electrolyte sensor outputs caused by the interference effect, thereby providing effectiveness in the improvement of the sensor selectivity.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.44-57
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• 2007

Purpose: The objective of this study is to analyze the activities of muscles importantly functioning when walking with different inclinations and speeds of a treadmill, in order to provide basic data on walking exercise using a treadmill. Method: The selected subjects of this study were 16 men and women who had lower extremity injury. A treadmill was used to provide the activation of muscle, and the electromyography was used to analyze the muscle activity variables. The Biodex was used to measure the value of maximum isometric contraction. The inclinations of the treadmill were 0%, 5% and 10%, respectively, and its speeds were 2Km/h. 3Km/h, 4Km/h, 5Km/h, and 6Km/h, respectively. Result: For quadriceps femoris muscle and trunk muscle, there were significant differences in muscle activity when different speeds were applied at 0%, 5% and 10% inclinations.(p<0.05) The activity of vastus medialis muscle was 9.78% at 0% inclination and 2km/h speed, whereas it was 9.32% at 0% inclination and 3km/h, which was slightly lower. The activity of erector spinae muscle was 24.93% at 0% inclination and 2km/h speed, whereas it was 24.84% at 0% inclination and 3km/h, whereas it was 23.99% at 0% inclination and 4km/h, which was slightly lower. The activity of vastus medialis muscle was 11.89% at 10% inclination and 2km/h speed, whereas it was 10.65% at 10% inclination and 3km/h, which was slightly lower. The activity of rectus femoris muscle was 10.26% at 10% inclination and 2km/h speed, whereas it was 9.77% at 10% inclination and 3km/h, which was slightly lower. Conclusion: It was found that the activities of trunk muscle and quadriceps femoris muscle increase as the inclination and the speed of a treadmill increase during treadmill walking.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.203-209
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• 2019

Organic wastewater generated from polyester manufacturing processes was selected from H company to investigate the feasibility of anaerobic digestion that produces gases including methane. Bio Methane Potential (BMP) tests were conducted to measure the gas production and methane concentration for 7 process wastewater and 2 kinds of sludges from the H company. Also, along with monitoring pH and alkalinity during the anaerobic digestion process, the concentrations of COD and 1,4-dioxane were measured with 4 different operating conditions for N Emulsion (NE) and Ethylene Glycol (EG) wastewater. The BMP tests showed that 65% of methane was produced from NE and EG wastewater. This suggests that the organic wastewater from H company can be effectively treated by an anaerobic digester by which more than 90% of COD was removed.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.46.4-47
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• 2015

Carnegie Hubble Program II (hereafter CHP II) is a large Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observing campaign in the cycle 22 composed of a total of 184 orbits (132 primes + 52 parallels), which aims to measure H0 directly with an unprecedented accuracy. Unlike our previous efforts in CHP I which used Cepheids as a yardstick, CHP II takes the Population II (Pop II) distance indicators such as RR Lyraes and tip of the red giant branch stars (TRGBs) to set up a new calibration to Type Ia supernovae (SN Ia) distance. The Pop II distance scales have two immediate advantages over the classical Cepheid method: 1) The period-luminosity relation of the RR Lyrae has a scatter that is a factor of 2 smaller; 2) The RR Lyrae/TRGB distance scale can be applied to both elliptical and spiral galaxies. This will provide a great systematic benefit by ultimately allowing us to double the number of SN Ia distances based on geometry. By taking advantage of this Pop II route, we expect to measure H0 value to 3 % of error which will be the highest accuracy H0 measurement to date using the "Distance Ladder" method. In this talk I will present a brief background/overview on the CHP II, observations/data acquisition status, and ongoing research progress/preliminary results.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.69-81
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• 2005

The objectives of this study were to measure role conflict of 4-H leaders and to verify the differences of role conflict and self-efficacy according to individual characteristics. The data were collected from 99 leaders who took charge of guiding 4-H youth organization in school as teacher advisor. The statistical techniques used for this study were frequency, t-test, one-way analysis of variance and correlation. The major findings of this study were as follows; 1) The 4-H leaders had some role conflict and role ambiguity in guiding youth activities in the school. 2) The leader advisor group with teaching experience of $5{\sim}9$ years showed higher role conflict and lower role ambiguity. 3) The 4-H leaders with age over 45 felt higher role conflict and lower role ambiguity. 4)The leaders' self-efficacy was positively correlated with self esteem, and negatively associated with role ambiguity.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.103-112
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• 1993

The KITSAT-1 was successfully launched on August 11, 1992, into a near circular, 1300-km-high orbit with an $66^{\circ}$inclination. The satellite carries a solid state detector module to measure the high energy particle flux originating mostly from the inner radiation belt. We describe here the objectives of the experiment, the detector structure, and the preliminary result.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 2016

Objectives: The mushroom Ganoderma lucidum has been widely used as a traditional herbal medicine for many years. Although several studies have focused on the anti-oxidative activity of this mushroom, the molecular mechanisms underlying its activity have not yet been clearly established. The present study investigated the cytoprotective effect of ethanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum (EGL) against oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide, $H_2O_2$) and elucidated the underlying mechanisms in a C2C12 myoblast cell line. Methods: Oxidative stress markers were determined by using the comet assay to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage. Cell viability and Western blotting analyses were employed to evaluate the cellular response to EGL and $H_2O_2$ in C2C12 cells. Transfection with nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-specific small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) was conducted to understand the relationship between Nrf2 expression and $H_2O_2$-induced growth inhibition. Results: The results showed that EGL effectively inhibited $H_2O_2$-induced growth and the generation of ROS. EGL markedly suppressed $H_2O_2$-induced comet-like DNA formation and phosphorylation of histone H2AX at serine 139 ($p-{\gamma}H2AX$), a widely used marker of DNA damage, suggesting that EGL prevented $H_2O_2$-induced DNA damage. Furthermore, the EGL treatment effectively induced the expression of Nrf2, as well as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), with parallel phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in the C2C12 myoblasts. However, zinc protoporphyrin IX, a HO-1 inhibitor, significantly abolished the protective effects of EGL against $H_2O_2$-induced accumulation of ROS and reduced cell growth. Notably, transient transfection with Nrf2-specific siRNA attenuated the cytoprotective effects and HO-1 induction by EGL, indicating that EGL induced the expression of HO-1 in an Nrf2-dependent manner. Conclusion: Collectively, these results demonstrate that EGL augments the cellular anti-oxidant defense capacity through activation of Nrf2/HO-1, thereby protecting C2C12 myoblasts from $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative cytotoxicity.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.11-15
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• 2013

The wafer bonding process becomes a flexible approach to material and device integration. The bonding strength in 3-dimensional process is crucial factor in various interface bonding process such as silicon to silicon, silicon to metals such as oxides to adhesive intermediates. A measurement method of bonding strength was proposed by utilizing AFM applied CNT probe tip which indicated the relative simplicity in preparation of sample and to have merit capable to measure regardless type of films. Also, New Tool was utilized to measure of tip radius. The cleaned $SiO_2$-Si bonding strength of SPFM indicated 0.089 $J/m^2$, and the cleaning result by RCA 1($NH_4OH:H_2O:H_2O_2$) measured 0.044 $J/m^2$, indicated negligible tolerance which verified the possibility capable to measure accurate bonding strength. And it could be confirmed the effective bonding is possible through SPFM cleaning.