• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.157-174
• /
• 1984

Four different levels of nitrogen were applied to 3 naked barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L.) Yonezawa, Baekdong and Yeongsanbori. Changes in chlorophyll content, green leaf area and light penetration were monitored after heading. Yield and its components were examined upon these changes. Increased level of N-application delayed the days to heading and ripening by 2-3 and 6-7 days, respectively, in Yonezawa. Yonezawa with a short culm was more resistant to lodging than two tall ones (Baekdong, Yeongsanbori) under heavy nitrogen applications. Yield was affected mostly by the number of spikes per unit area and 1, 000 grain weight at all levels of N-applications. The increase in dry weight of Baekdong was more than in that of Yonezawa. A sharp increase in dry weight was observed after 3 weeks of heading. Maximum yield was obtained at $N_2$ in Yonezawa (234kg/10a) and Baekdong (302kg/10a) and at $N_1$ in Yeongsanbori (332kg/10a). It appears essential to attain the sufficient leaf area and the increase in chlorophyll content for maximum yield. However, too much leaf area at the highest N level up to the ripening stage was not beneficial for dry matter production.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 1977

In an attempt to deduce which plants might have been used for their anticancer activities in traditional oriental herb medicine, 127 prescriptions were selected from 'Dong-Eui-Bo-Gam', the Classic Handbook of Korean Traditional Medicine, written by $H_{UH}$ Jun and published in 1613. These are the prescriptions indicated for the systemic treatment of various tumors and some conditions resembling tumors, e.g. inflammatory masses and indurations, and they include 150 natural products of plant origin. The frequency of appearance of each medicinal plant in these selected prescriptions was compared with the frequency of its appearance in all prescriptions listed in 'Bang-Yak-Hap-Pyon', another popular Oriental Medicine Formulary in Korea, written by $H_{WANG}\;Pil-Su$ in 1885. From the latter book, $H_{ONG}$ has recently enumerated frequencies of 235 medicinal plants included in a total of 467 prescriptions. Chi-square tests revealed that 11 plant remedies appear with significantly higher frequency in the prescriptions for "tumors", and 10 for "inflammations". The plants with potential antitumor activities, in decreasing order of statistical significance, are Scirpus maritimus, Curcuma zedoaria, Prunus persica, Rheum coreanum, Foeniculum vulgare, Rhus vernifera, Daphne pseudogenkwa, Galarhaeus sieboldiana, Croton tiglium, Raphanus sativus and Galarhaeus pekinensis. The drugs for potential antibacterial or anti-inflammatory activities are Olibanum(Frankincense), Forsythia coreana, Lonicera japonica, Gleditchia officinalis, $M_{YRRH}$, Trichosanhes kirilowii, Astragalus membranaceus, Rheum coreanum, Platycodon grandiflorum and Fritillaria verticillata. Despite the uncertainties involved in the terminology of various diseases used in pre-modern medicine, and the reservations about the efficacy of remedies used for those diseases, it would be worthwhile to investigate these few selected plants for anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory or antifungal effects, employing modern scientific methodology.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.211-217
• /
• 2001

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of functional herbal foods on the growth of intestinal lactic acid bacteria. When Bifidobacterium breve and human intestinal microflora were inoculated in the general anaerobic medium which contained each functional food water extract, most of functional herbal foods induced the growth of lactic acid bacteria by decreasing pH of the broth. The pH decreasing effects of Liriipe platyphylla and Platycodon grandiflorum were excellent. The growth of lactic acid bacteria effectively inhibited the bacterial enzymes, $\beta$-glucosidase and $\beta$ -glucuronidase. Eugenia caryophyllata and Liriipe platyphylla potently inhibited the productivity of P -glucosidase of B. breve and human intestinal bacteria. Cinnamomum cassia, Gardenia jasminoides and Platycodon grandiflorum potently inhibited the productivity of $\beta$-glucuronidase of human intestinal bacteria. The growth component isolated from Platycodon grandiflorum was sucrose (compound B).

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.275-284
• /
• 2000

The studyies on physico-chemical factors and phytoplankton at the 3 rivers in the Taejon city were conducted from November 1997 to May 1998. The Results were as floows; In the water quality, the down streams were generally worse than the upper streams. Water temperature was varied from 2.4$^{\circ}C$ to 23.$0^{\circ}C$; DO from 1.80mg/$\ell$ to 17.6mg/$\ell$ ; pH from 4.7 to 10.4 ; BOD from 0.78mg/$\ell$ to 8.80mg/$\ell$ ; COD from 0.32mg/$\ell$ to 8.26mg/$\ell$ ; SS from 2.0mg/$\ell$ to 43.0mg/$\ell$ ; total phosphate was from 0.001mg/$\ell$ to 0.709mg/$\ell$ ; total nitrogen 0.01mg/$\ell$ to 11.69mg/$\ell$. In phytoplankton species, they were identified as total 191 taxa composed of 8 classes, 18 orders, 35 families, 74 genera, 152 species, 35 varieties and 4 forms. The dominant species were Synedra ulna in Taejon-chon, Diatomavulgare in Yudong-chon, Oscillatioria princeps, Scenedesmus qadricauda, Synedra ulna, and Diatom vulgare in Gap-chon. Standing crops of phytoplankton were from 2,076 cells/$m\ell$ to 97,356 cells/$m\ell$

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.45 no.6
• /
• pp.1179-1186
• /
• 2012

For better understanding of carbon cycle dynamics of an agro-ecosystem, an accurate assessment of seasonal and daily $CO_2$ flux is essential to understand the relationship between various environmental factors and crop productivity. We developed the automatic sliding canopy chamber (ASCC) system that measured continuous net ecosystem productivity (NEP) over whole growing season under the natural meteorological rhythm. The ASCC was composed of two main parts which were sliding part for measuring NEP, and automatic opening and closing chamber (AOCC) for measuring soil respiration (SR) on the soil surface. The ASCC was developed by using open flow method for measuring soil $CO_2$ efflux. The disturbance of natural meteorological condition was minimized by opening the base frames. In the field test with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), NEP was calculated at $140mg\;CO_2\;m^{-2}h^{-1}$ on a clear day using continuous data and eliminated the possibility of overestimate about 16% using one hour data during the day time. Unlike other small scale chamber system, installation on cropping-field made it possible to take any modifications which might be caused by natural environmental condition.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.8-12
• /
• 1999

New winter wheat winter barley hybrids were produced (Mv9 kr1 Igri, Mv9 kr1 Osnova, Asakazekomugi Manas). The wheat-barley hybrids showed entire male sterility and were multiplied in tissue culture. Chromosome configurations were studied with GISH in meiosis in the Mv9 krl x Igri hybrid and in its progenies multiplied in vitro. Chromosome pairing between wheat and barley has been observed in some cells in the hybrids multiplied in vitro. Backcross plants with 43 and 44 chromosomes were selected with the aim of developing new wheat-barley addition lines. Wheat-barley translocations were demonstrated with GISH in backcross progenies originating from in vitro regenerated wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Chinese Spring) x barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Betzes) hybrids. Five different translocations were observed. Sequential N-banding and GISH analyses were performed to further identify the translocations. The N-banding pattern of the Robertsonian translocation suggests that this chromosome consists of the short arm of barley chromosome 4H translocated to the long arm of 2B of wheat. Plants with four different homozygous translocations were selected from the following BC2F3 generation.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.72-77
• /
• 2015

Spot blotch caused by the hemibiotrophic pathogen Cochliobolus sativus has been the major yield-reducing factor for barley production during the last decade. Monitoring transcriptional reorganization triggered in response to this fungus is an essential first step for the functional analysis of genes involved in the process. To characterize the defense responses initiated by barley resistant and susceptible cultivars, a survey of transcript abundance at early time points of C. sativus inoculation was conducted. A notable number of transcripts exhibiting significant differential accumulations in the resistant and susceptible cultivars were detected compared to the non-inoculated controls. At the p-value of 0.0001, transcripts were divided into three general categories; defense, regulatory and unknown function, and the resistant cultivar had the greatest number of common transcripts at different time points. Quantities of differentially accumulated gene transcripts in both cultivars were identified at 24 h post infection, the approximate time when the pathogen changes trophic lifestyles. The unique and common accumulated transcripts might be of considerable interest for enhancing effective resistance to C. sativus.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.328-333
• /
• 2003

When the extract of the medicinal plants, Kaempferia galanga L., Zanthoxylum bungeanum, Eugenia caryophyllata, Foeniculum vulgare, was added to Naengmyeon broth with the concentration of 0.1% and 0.3% each, its effect during the preservation time of broth was investigated. pH of the extract-added broth was lower than control at the initial, but higher after 72 hours of preservation, which showed that when it added 0.1% and 0.3% of extract to the broth, pH of Kaempferia galanga L. was 4.92 and 5.08 respectively, whereas control was 4.60. Titratable acidity was lowered after 48 hours and also Kaempferia galanga L. showed the lowest acidity with 0.66 for adding 0.1% of its extract and 0.55 for 0.3% of adding, but control was 0.89 at the time of 90 hours of preservation, and then it showed to be lowered in the order of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, Eugenia caryophyllata and Foeniculum vuigare. Turbidity of each broth added the extracts of four of the medicinal plants was 7.5∼7.9 and 7.9∼8.2, respectively for 0.1% and 0.3% of concentration at the initial, but it began to lower and 90 hours later it was 8.8∼9.5 and 8.7∼9.0 respectively, whereas control was 10.8. Total viable cells(TVC) and coliform bacteria(CB) were increased with great at the 72 hours of preservation time, and Kaempferia galanga L. was the most effective, which when control was 4.8${\times}$10 CFU/ml at 72 hours, TVC was 1.7${\times}$10 CFU/ml for the addition of 0.1% of extract and 0.9${\times}$10 CFU/ml for 0.3%. CB was 3.2${\times}$10 CFU/ml for 0.1% and 1.7${\times}$10 CFU/ml for 0.3% respectively and 6.0 ${\times}$ 10 CFU/ml for control at the time of 72 hours, and it was lowered in the order of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, Eugenia caryophyllata and Foeniculum vulgare. Volatile basic nitrogen content detected that control was 2.67mg% at first, and then increased to 3.96mg% at 90 hours of preservation, but the broth added with the extract of Kaempferia galanga L. was 2.58mg% for 0.1% and 2.47mg% for 0.3% at the initial, and at 90 hours it was 3.64mg% and 3.33mg% respectively. The results of adding the extracts of four medicinal plants for the improvement of the preservation time of Naengmyeon broth, were that the most effective medicinal plant was Kaempferia galanga L. and the antimicrobial activity of the medicinal plant extracts for Naengmyeon broth was highly effective after 3 days of preservation time.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.573-581
• /
• 2006

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of supplemental methionine, lysine, choline, and sulfur on laying performance, metabolic parameters, and egg quality of hens fed diets containing sorghum (Sorghum vulgare) during the peak laying period. Lohman layers (n = 144), 30-wk of age as 6 replicate cages of 4 hens, were allocated randomly to receive basal diets containing either 22% corn (B) or 22% sorghum (BS) and diets BS plus 0.57% methionine, 0.66% lysine, 0.47% choline, or 0.05% sulfur for 98 d. Feed intake (FI) and egg production (EP) were recorded daily, egg weight (EW) was measured bi-weekly, and body weight (BW) was measured monthly. A sample of 12 eggs from each experimental group was collected every month to evaluate egg quality. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected for metabolite concentrations. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA as repeated measures and significant differences between the experimental groups were assessed using Duncan's Multiple Range test. Partial replacement of corn with sorghum in the basal diet did not affect BW, EP, and FCR but increased FI by 5.7% and EW by 2.4%. The effects of additives on laying performance were variable. Except for serum total protein (STP) concentration, other metabolic parameters were not affected by partial replacement of corn with sorghum in the basal diet. Hens fed diet BS had lower SPT concentration than hens fed diet B. Except for methionine supplementation, other supplements ameliorated depression in STP concentration. The additives did not affect other metabolic parameters. Egg quality responses to the experimental diets were also variable. Partial replacement of corn with sorghum in the basal diet did not affect eggshell characteristics (both thickness and stiffness), whereas it had variable effects on inner egg quality parameters (increased yolk index, depressed yolk color, and unaltered albumen index and Haugh unit). In conclusion, laying hen diets could include low-tannin sorghum (0.26%) up to 22% without necessitating extra supplements to overcome compromised performance.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.81-85
• /
• 2013

The stored-product insects have been a serious problem during the entire process of distribution on the food industry. Especially, the Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella) is one of stored-product insects which causes harm through penetrating into the food packaging. The objective of this study was to develop the anti-insect packaging material with fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) oil (FO). The FO has been selected for insecticidal substance against P. interpunctella, which was tested by fumigant toxicity assay. An anti-insect sachet was prepared by FO and filterpaper placed in a small paper bag. Repellent test was performed to evaluate the repellent activity of anti-insect sachet. In addition, the controlled release of FO from the anti-insect sachet was determined at $28^{\circ}C$ by gas chromatography (GC). It was demonstrated that FO was an effective substance against P. interpunctella. The mortality of FO was 56% at 800 mg/0.5 L in 120 h. In repellent test, the FO sachet showed effective repellency against P. interpunctella. The developed anti-insect sachet could be a promising source for insect repellent materials in food packaging.