• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.806-810
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• 2009

Purpose: Gynecomastia is an abnormal increase in the volume of the male breast. Subcutaneous mastectomy was the first surgical treatment for gynecomastia. But because of the complications such as nerve injury and scar formation, subcutaneous mastectomy has been substituted with liposuction. Recently various techniques including ultrasound - assisted liposuction has been used for treatment of gynecomastia. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the results of XPS$^{(R)}$ microresector(Shaver) for treatment of gynecomastia. Methods: 17 patients, 33 breasts of gynecomastia, Simon grade I or II have been treated with XPS$^{(R)}$ microresector(Shaver). The mean age was 24.5. The subcutaneous tissue and glandular tissue were removed with XPS$^{(R)}$ microresector(Shaver). The operation time, the weight of removed tissue and patients' satisfaction score were accessed. Results: The mean operation time was 78.2 minutes. The mean weight of removed tissue was 113.8 g. There was no significant complications such as necrosis, hematoma, infection or scar contracture. Patients' satisfactory score of scar, shape and confidence were 8.4, 8.2 and 8.4 respectively. As the average score was 8.3, almost patients were satisfied with their breasts. Conclusion: The authors have treated 17 patients suffering from gynecomastia with XPS$^{(R)}$ microresector(Shaver). We obtained short operation time, early recovery, minimal operative scar and less complications with XPS$^{(R)}$ microresector(Shaver) for the treatment of gynecomastia, and patients were satisfied with the results of our method. We concluded XPS$^{(R)}$ microresector(Shaver) is an alternative option for the treatment of gynecomastia.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.308-312
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• 2008

저자들은 폐결핵으로 진단받고 결핵 약제를 복용하던 환자에서 발생한 여성형 유방에 대하여 검사를 시행한 결과 Isoniazid를 포함한 항결핵약제를 복용 후 발생한 여성형 유방 사례를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.748-752
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• 2014

Background Gynecomastia is benign enlargement of breast tissue in males and is fairly common. Mastectomy not only helps in improving the shape of anterior chest, but can also improve the location of nipple. Therefore, a principle element of mastectomy design is defining the normal location of nipple based on major anatomical reference points. Here, the nipple location was compared for before and after gynecomastia surgery. In addition, the same was also compared between male patients undergoing gynecomastia surgery and control group of subjects without gynecomastia. Methods We retrospectively analyzed gynecomastia patients who underwent conventional subcutaneous mastectomy. Preoperative and postoperative anatomical landmark distances and chest circumferences were measured and compared to the same anthropometric data from 20 healthy adult male controls. Results Nipple locations were compared among 13 patients and 20 controls. The mean weight of resected breast tissue was 246 g, and overall patient satisfaction grade was 4.3 out of 5. In the patient group, the slopes for the height-distance from the sternal notch to the nipple and chest circumference-distance between the mid-line of the sternum and the nipple were 0.175 and 0.125 postoperatively, respectively. The slopes of the control group were 0.122 and 0.177, respectively; these differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions Nipple positions were considerably lower in patients with gynecomastia than in control subjects. Subcutaneous mastectomy was associated with mild elevations, but postoperative locations were still lower compared to controls. Further efforts are needed to improve the location of postoperative nipple-areola complex in patients with gynecomastia.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.628-634
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• 2007

Purpose: Subcutaneous mastectomy has been accepted as a standard for the treatment of gynecomastia. Surgical managements including ultrasound-assisted liposuction(UAL) have had limited success and several combined approaches were tried to find the most effective method. We designed a modified subcutaneous mastectomy, which we call "pan-cake method". The purpose of this study is to evaluate the results of our method for the treatment of gynecomastia. Methods: 16 patients from 16 to 31 years of age having gynecomastia were operated using the pan-cake method. 11 patients were in grade I, and 5 patients were in grade II, no patient were in grade III or IV, according to Rod's classification. The pan-cake method started with modified periareolar incision. We executed subcutaneous dissection first and suprafascial dissection next. After dividing the breast into four equal quadrants, we removed breast tissue from each quadrant as necessary. The operation time for the resection was recorded and the weight of removed parenchyme tissues was measured. Results: All the operations were successful. There were no asymmetries, contour deformities, or irregularities. Only 6 cases needed the combined therapy with ultrasound-assisted liposuction(UAL) because of the step deformities. The average operation time was 24.1 minutes and the average weight of removed breast tissue was 98.1g. All the patients were satisfied with the aesthetic results. Conclusion: We concluded that the pan-cake method is an alternative option for the surgical treatment of gynecomastia, giving good aesthetic results and relatively short operation time.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.656-658
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• 2007

Purpose: Prader-Willi Syndrome(PWS) is a congenital chromosomal disorder characterized by compulsive and early development of obesity. Obesity is identified as the main cause of morbidity in PWS individuals. Also, body change for rapid weight gain, such as gynecomastia, can cause considerable functional and psychological trauma, We corrected successfully gynecomastia in PWS patient, so we reported our experience of surgical method and literature reviews. Methods: A 16-year-old male patient presented with gynecomastia. He was diagnosed as with PWS at pediatric department. We performed reduction mammaplasty using inferior pedicle and Wise pattern. Excision amount was 1350g in right breast and 1415g in left breast. Also, we managed upper and lateral fullness of breast with liposuction. Results: There were no specific complications, such as hematoma, infection, nipple-areola complex necrosis, and so on. Also, aesthetic and functional outcome was acceptable Conclusion: We experienced successful correction of gynecomastia in PWS patient, and found advantages of conventional reduction mammaplasty using inferior pedicle and Wise pattern at this specific situation.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.221-227
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• 2019

Background Gynecomastia is a common condition that can cause severe emotional and physical distress in both young and older men. Patients in whom symptomatic recalcitrant gynecomastia persists for a long time are potential candidates for surgery. Methods From January 2014 to January 2016, 15 patients underwent correction of gynecomastia through a single 3-mm incision at our institution. Only patients with true gynecomastia underwent surgery with this new technique. Through the small incision, sharp dissection was performed in a clockwise and counterclockwise direction describing two half-circles. Health-related quality of life and aesthetic outcomes were evaluated using a modified version of the Breast Evaluation Questionnaire (BEQ). Results The patients' average age was 23.5 years (range, 18-28 years), and their average body mass index was $23.2kg/m^2$ (range, $19.2-25.3kg/m^2$). One case was unilateral and 14 cases were bilateral. The weight of glandular tissue resected from each breast ranged from 80 to 170 g. No excess skin was excised. Bleeding was minimal. The mean operating time was 25 minutes (range, 21-40 minutes). No complications were recorded. All lesions were histologically benign. The patients' average score was 3.5 (on a 5-point Likert scale) in all domains of the BEQ for themselves and their partners. Conclusions In this study, we demonstrated the safety and reliability of a new technique that allows mastectomy through an imperceptible 3-mm incision. We obtained high patient satisfaction scores using our surgical technique, and patients reported considerable improvement in their social, physical, and psychological well-being after surgery.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.275-282
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• 2024

본 연구는 여성형유방증을 진단받은 환자와 정상 대조군 사이의 혈액검사 결과 및 생활 습관을 비교하여 여성형유방증의 발생에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하였다. 위험인자 간의 평균차이검정은 독립표본 t검정과 카이제곱검정을 시행하였으며 로지스틱 회귀분석을 통해 여성형유방증 발생에 영향을 미치는 다양한 예측 인자들의 상대적 위험비를 산출하였다. 나이, HGB, HCT, TC, Glucose, ALT, 음주, 탈모약, 전립선 비대증 치료제가 유의한 차이를 보이는 변수로 확인되었다. 특히 탈모약은 위험비 단변량분석에서 15.79로 가장 높게 나타났으며 HGB는 0.37배로 감소하였다. 이러한 결과는 여성형유방증 발생에 이들 요인이 중요한 역할을 할 수 있음을 시사하며, 향후 여성형유방증의 진단 및 관리를 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.84-87
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• 2013

2명의 가성여성형유방 환자에게 산삼약침을 주 1회, 총 5회 시술을 하고 시술 전후 사진 촬영을 통해 약침의 효과를 확인한 결과, 한 증례에서는 시술 전후 명백한 형태상의 변화가 관찰되었으나 또 다른 증례에서는 변화가 미미하였다. 향후 보다 더 많은 환자를 대상으로 산삼약침의 치료효과에 대한 검증이 필요하며, 효과에 미치는 간섭요인이 확인되어야 할 것이다. 더불어 여성형유방의 경과에 대한 객관적인 평가방법의 개발 역시 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.624-637
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to develop a compression inner layer (CIL) that can be attached to dress shirts for men who have gynecomastia (male breast enlargement). For this, we developed shirts with CIL prototypes based on the functional, expressive, and aesthetic (FEA) consumer needs model. The user-centered design principle guided the design process. Based on size measurements, in-depth interviews, and an online survey, the design requirements for dress shirts with a CIL were determined, and the prototype was developed. The dress shirts were constructed of polyester and spandex mixed materials, while the CIL was made of thin mesh fabric knitted from 80% polyester and 20% spandex. A CIL prototype was developed with a front zipper fastening to hold the upper body tight and compress the breast area. The CIL was attached by connecting a strap with snap buttons to loops sewn into the shoulder line of the dress shirt. In the trial and sensory test, the prototype helped breast size decrease while meeting target consumer needs. The outcomes of this study provide necessary insights to develop garments for gynecomastia patients.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제81권5호
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• pp.1096-1108
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• 2020

남성에서 만져지는 종괴나 비대칭적인 유방 등의 증상을 일으키는 가장 흔한 원인은 여성형 유방이며, 남성 유방암은 매우 드물긴 하지만 간과해서는 안 되는 질환이다. 남성 유방의 해부학과 호발하는 질환을 알고 여성과의 차이를 숙지하여 정확히 진단하고 불필요한 검사나 외과적 절제술을 줄이는 것이 중요하다. 이 종설에서는 증상이 있는 남성에서의 유방 검사 알고리즘과 여성형 유방 및 남성 유방암에 대하여 정리하고자 한다.