• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권16호
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• pp.6691-6695
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• 2014

Background: A population-based cervical cancer screening program using visual inspection with acetic acid was launched in Maldives in 2014. Our study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of women in relation to risk factors of cervical cancer, early detection of the disease and its prevention. Materials and Methods: The questionnaire based survey was conducted among 20 to 50 year old women, systematically sampled to represent three regions of Maldives. Trained investigators interviewed a total of 2,845 women at home. Results: The prevalence of the risk factors of cervical cancer like early age at marriage and childbirth, multiple marriages, multiple marriages of the husbands, and multiple pregnancies was high. More women knew about breast cancer than cervical cancer. Even among the small number of women who knew of cervical cancer, only 34.6% had the knowledge of at least one early symptom. Very few women knew that the cancer could be prevented by any test. Only 6.2% of the women reported having ever undergone a Pap smear. Many women had the misconception that cervical cancer was infectious. In Maldives the younger women have high literacy rate due to the policy of universal free education and those with higher levels of education had improved knowledge of cervical cancer and its risk factors. The prevalence of risk factors also reduced with improved literacy. Conclusions: Awareness about risk factors and prevention of cervical cancer is limited among Maldivian women in spite of having high exposure to some of the risk factors. A universal literacy program in the country has helped to improve the knowledge of cervical cancer prevention and to reduce the exposure to various risk factors in the younger population.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.2797-2801
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• 2014

Background: Endometrial adenocarcinoma is the most common gynecological cancer in the Western world and its incidence appears to be rising. However, population-based studies on endometrial cancer providing survival estimates by age, histology, and stage in Asia have been sparse. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological data and survival for patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma treated at three institutions in Yazd, Iran. Materials and Methods: Medical and anatomicopathological records at the Department of Pathology and Radiotherapy of the Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Madar private hospital, between 2005 and 2012 were reviewed. All cases of endometrial adenocarcinoma were included. The Kaplan-Maier method was used for survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards model for multiple regression analysis. Results: The study included 84 patients. Stages I, II, III, and IV were identified in 65.4%, 21.5%, 11.9% and 1.2%, respectively. Disease-free survival rate was $73.9{\pm}3.77$ months (95% confidence interval, 64.51-83.22 months) and relapse occurred in 12.3% of the patients. The overall survival rate was $78.2{\pm}3.65$ months (95% confidence interval, 71.0-85.3 months). A multivariate analysis revealed that stage and grade were associated with overall survival. Conclusions: In this survival analysis of patients with endometrial cancer, we found that the prognosis of endometrial cancer was fair but strongly varied by stage and grade, and moderately varied by histology and age.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.4877-4883
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• 2014

Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality amongst the gynecological cancers worldwide, especially in developing countries. There are few to no initial symptoms and signs. This study was conducted to assess the awareness level of young Pakistani women about cervical cancer and to educate them about this deadly disease. A detailed questionnaire regarding demographic data and information about cervical cancer was distributed in different cities of Punjab. A total of 873 women took part in this survey and 70.1 percent were totally unaware of this cancer. Only 8.5% of the whole surveyed population knew accurately about cancer of cervix, 7% of the surveyed respondents correctly specified the human papilloma virus as the causative agent. Only 5.2% respondents were able to identify the Pap smear test as a diagnostic measure. Out of all the surveyed population only 4.3% of individuals were found to be vaccinated against this disease and the majority was found from the medical profession. Medical professionals, students, working women, housewives and uneducated individuals took active part in this survey. This study demonstrates a low level of awareness among Pakistani women and a need for an active campaign by media and government to increase understanding as well as introducing measures for improved prevention and treatment of cervical cancer.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.96-106
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to research the demographical and gynecologic characteristics, quality of life, and analyze the pattern identification in female patients with cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet. Methods: 112 participants were recruited from May 2018 to April 2019 from three korean medical hospitals. The data was composed of general characteristics, degree of coldness of hands and feet, gynecological questionnaire, score of WHOQOL-BREF and pattern identification. We divided data into 2 groups: The group of patients who meet the criteria for diagnosis of coldness on feet and the group of patients who meet the criteria for diagnosis of coldness on feet and hands. We tried to compare data by groups using Excel 2016 for windows and SPSS for windows (Ver. 23.0). Results: Throughout the study, we found differences between 2 groups in weight, body mass index (BMI), VAS score of cold hypersensitivity on feet, temperature of PC8, ST32, and pattern identification. Conclusions: After the study, we confirmed that even though both groups suffer from cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet, they show clinical differences in each group and differences in pattern identification.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.267-280
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• 2013

Objective : One of the unique syndromes in Asian traditional medicine named 'heat entering the blood chamber(熱入血室, HEBC)' first appeared in Shanghanlun(傷寒論) and Jinguiyaolue(金匱要略) written by Zhangzhongjing(張仲景) who is the most famous doctor in ancient China. Method : Through comparison between Huangdineijing(黃帝內經), Shanghanlun(傷寒論), Jinguiyaolue(金匱要略) and other medical texts, the correct meaning, causes and mechanisms of HEBC can be analysed and organized to suggest new view of HEBC in modern society. Result : This syndrome is usually occurred in women during catching cold and menstruation, accompanying alternation of chillness and fever, pseudo-malaria, delirium, raveled chest(結胸), uterine hemorrhage, etc. The main sign of this syndrome, delirium belongs to the category of liver disease and fever in Huangdineijing(黃帝內經) which is a document more early published than Shanghanlun. Although there are still many other comprehensions about what blood chamber is, it could be the same as uterus according to Huangdineijing, it is relevant to the control of menstruation and emotions, and the function of liver and thoroughfare vessel(衝脈). Conclusion : HEBC is a syndrome exclusive to women, caused by their unique physical and psychological characteristics. It's beginning can be found in Huangdineijing, and by Shanghanlun and Jinguiyaolue, its concept as a single disease pattern becomes established. In other words, HEBC is a complex disease related to menstruation and its related hormonal dysfunctions, closely related to PMS, menopausal syndrome of today. Physical symptoms accompanied by psychological anxiety and fear is characteristic of this condition. Therefore gynecological approaches as well as socio-cultural issues related to women in modern society must be adopted when dealing with HEBC.

• 대한한의정보학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.69-145
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• 2011

Characteristics Regarding Xiang Yao (Hyang Yag) Jiu Ji Fang Life Saving Local Botanical prescriptions in Medical Research Xiang Yao Jiu Ji Fang is Korea's most ancient extant medical manuscript. It was first published between 1232 and 1251 during the Goguryeo period (Gao Zong) by the (Jianghuadao Da Cang Du Jian) Great Storage Depository Under Capital Supervision. The entire work is divided into three scrolls named the front, middle and back parts. There is also an appendix titled Fangzhong Xiang Yao Mu Cao Bu 'Catalogue of Medicines in the Local Botanicals prescriptions' in one volume. The contents comprise discussion of internal medicine diseases, external medicine diseases, commentaries on sexually transmitted diseases, diseases caused by parasites and bugs, diseases of the five orifices, gynecological diseases and pediatric diseases, in all totaling fifty three types of disease. The prescriptions record 180 types of xiangyao or hyang yag-local botanicals representing the beginning of an independent Korean path of development. Owing to the development during the Goguryeo period of medical material left to us by history, investigation and research in the area of hyang yag local botanicals has bequeathed us methods used in the contemporary period. Through the related comprehensive annotated explanatory notes and documents, much analysis and discussion is taking shape.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2009

방사선치료후 발생할 수 있는 골 손상은 골반 부전골절, 방사선 골 괴사, 무혈성 괴사, 골 육종 등이다, 특히 최근 방사선치료후의 골탄성도의 변화로 발생하는 골반 부전골절에 관하여 많은 보고가 있었다. 과거 방사선치료 후의 골 손상 특히 골절의 빈도는 선형가속기를 이용한 메가볼트 방사선치료 바뀌면서 현저히 줄어 들어서 매우 낮은 것으로 보고 되었으나 최근에는 $8{\sim}20%$로 보고가 되고 있다. 따라서 골반 부전골절의 임상적 의미와 중요성과 예방 및 치료에 대하여 관심이 증가되고 있다. 저자는 자궁경부암 치료 후 관찰한 골반 부전골절, 골 괴사, 무혈성 괴사, 및 2차성 골육종등 골반골 변화와 손상에 관하여 저자의 경험과 문헌고찰을 통하여 보고 하고자 한다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.114-133
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• 2003

Objective : The meridian theory in oriental medicine explains that Sp9(Yinlingquan) has been considered very important for gynecological disorders, spleen and stomach disorders, and water metabolic disorders. Functional MRI is the best method of showing the evidences of the effect of the Electro-acupuncture treatment through scientific methods. On this supposition, Electro-acupuncture stimulation on Sp9(Yinlingquan) was carried out on six healthy volunteers, using the gradient echo sequence with the 3.0T whole-body MRI system(ISOL). Methods : Electro-acupuncture stimulation on Sp9(Yinlingquan), the experiment was carried out on six healthy volunteers, using the gradient echo sequence with the 3.0T whole-body MRI system(ISOL). After the needle insertion on right Sp9(Yinlingquan), 2Hz of electric stimulation was given for 30 seconds, repeated five times, with 30 seconds' intervals. The Image analysis including motion correction, talairach transformation, and smoothing was done using SPM99. Results : The electro-acupuncture stimulation on Sp9(Yinlingquan) activates Brodmann Area 13, 19, 22, 39, 40, 47 which may be the central pathways of the electro-acupuncture stimulation on Sp9(Yinlingquan). We also hypothesize that those brain areas may be directly or indirectly related with the mechanism of the effect of electro-acupuncture stimulation on Sp9(Yinlingquan).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.579-583
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• 2015

This study was conducted on female patients with different gynecological problems attending the gynecology out-patient departments of two tertiary care hospitals in Peshawar city of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan between August 2012 and October 2013. The 200 patients had an age range of 21-65 years. Smears were taken with cervical brushes and preserved in preservative medium and processed for manual liquid based cytology (MLBC) for Pap staining. Out of 200 collected samples, 30 samples were found inadequate on cytology. Of the remaining 170 samples, 164 (96.47%) were normal, 5 (2.94%) were of atypical squamous cells of unknown significance (ASCUS) and 1 (0.6%) was of high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). On PCR all the samples were positive for beta globin gene fragment including those reported inadequate on cytology. Out of the 5 ASCUS samples, 2 samples were positive for HPV, one each for HPV 16 and HPV 18, and the rest of the 3 samples were negative for HPV DNA. The 1 sample of HSIL was positive for HPV 16 on PCR. Out of 164 normal samples on cytology, only 1 sample was HPV 16 positive. So overall, 4 (2%) out of 200 samples were positive for HPV DNA, where 3 were HPV 16 (1.5%), and 1 was HPV 18 (0.5%) positive, and thus the ratio of infection with of HPV 16 to HPV 18 was 3:1 in the general population. In conclusion, PCR based HPV detection is a more sensitive method for screening of HPV infection than cytology as sample inadequacy does not affect the results. However, it can be combined with cytology methods in a HPV positive female to achieve the maximum results.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.153-158
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• 1996

Verapamil은 항암제에 대한 내성을 극복하기 위하여 실험적으로 사용하는 대표적인 약제로 알려져 있다 본 연구에서는 부인과 종양중 자궁경부암 치료시에 발생하는 항암 화학요법제에 대한 내성을 극복하기 위한 기초적인 실험으로 인체 자궁경부암 유래의 HeLa 및 Caski 세포주를 이용, MTT법으로 verapamil과 5-FU 및 DDP를 단독 혹은 병용 처리하여 세포독성 상승효과를 측정하였다. Verapamil 단독투여시 각 세포주는 용량에 비례하여 세포독성이 증가하였으며, 각 항암제와의 병용 투여시에 세포독성의 상승효과가 관찰이 되었으며, HeLa세포주에서 그 효과가 가장 높았다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 세포내 내성발현의 기전의 탐구가 필요하며 자궁경부암 화학요법에 verapamil사용의 이론적인 가능성을 제시하고 있다