• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.61-62
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• 1984

The toxicity of water extracts from intestine parts (digestive tract respiratory tree) of Korean Stichopus japonicus was determined using mouse units and more purified substance decreases the amplitude of contraction of guinia pig atria in vitro; showes negative chronotropic and ionotropic effects in the spontaneously beating guinea pig atria.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.14 no.1_2
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• pp.41-46
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• 1978

The effects of sodium taurocholate(STC) and sodium deoxycholate(SDC) on cardiac function were examined by using isolated atria of rabbit and guinea pig and heart of anesthetized frog. Also the antiarrythmic action of STC and SDC on atrial arrhythmias induced by epinephrine or ouabain was studied. The results were following. The cholates exhibited a slight decrease in rate and contractile amplitude of the isolated rabbit atria. The cholates abolished partially the spontaneous arrhythmic occurring in isolated rabbit and guinea pig atria but no effect on the atrial arrhythmia induced by ouabain and epinephrine was observed. Concomitant administration of cholates with ouabain produced a marked prolongation of atrial arrhythmia in comparison to that of ouabain alone in both isolated rabbit and guinea pig atria. The cholates exhibited a marked prolongation in ventricular arrhythmia and cardiac arrest time in comparison to that of ouabain treatment. However, the combined treatment with cholates and ouabain produced a slight prolongation in comparison to that of ouabain alone in the heart of anesthetized frog. The above results suggest that cholates have a slight antiarrythmic effect on the heart but this effectiveness is different from those of propranolol that is non-selective antiarrhythmic drug.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 1992

Higenamine is an Aconiti tuber derived compound whose chemical structure is 1-(4'-hydroxybenzyl)-6, 7-dihydroxy-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroisoquinoline containing catechol ring and tetrahydroisoquinoline nucleus in its own structure, both of which are well known to have agonistic effects on adrenergic receptors. Using guinea-pig atria(rich in ${\beta}_1$-receptor) and treachea(rich in ${\beta}_2$-receptor), we studied pharmacological actions of higenamine on these organs with special interest of its relevancy of ${\beta}$-receptor selectivity. In order to further clarify its pharmacological characteristics, the influncences of pretreatment of reserpine or cocaine were also investigated. The results were summarized as follows : 1. Higenamine had remarkable chronotropic, inotropic and bronchodilator effects in guinea-pig spontaneously beating right atria, left atria and trachea, in dose-dependent manners. 2. All of above actions were blocked competitively by propranolol, which shows nonselectivity of higenamine on ${\beta}$-receptor. $pA_2$ values of propranolol against higenamine were 7.93, 7.76 and 8.46 in guinea-pig right atria, left atria and treachea, respectively. 3. Reserpine pretreatment(5mg/kg, ip, 24h) did not show my decrease in pharmacological actions of higenamine, which suggests higenamine has direct action on ${\beta}$-receptor not via catecholamine release. 4. Cocaine pretreatment$(1{\mu}M)$ had no influence on pharmacological actions of higenamine in contrast with nor epinephrine, which suggests there is no neuronal uptake mechanism of higenamine in the studied organ preparations.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.311-317
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• 2001

In this work we have investigated the physiological effects of $MgCl_2$ in isolated atrium, papillary muscle, perfused heart and anesthesized guinea pig, The addition or infusion of $MgCl_2$ (0~20 mM or mg/kg) to perfused hearts and to anesthesized guinea pigs induced a marked and dose-dependent negative chronotropic effect. The sinoatrial node automaticity could also be reduced by $MgCl_2$. The addition of $MgCl_2$to isolated atria and to papillary muscles induced a marked and dose-dependent negative inotropic effect. The threshold voltage could be increased by $MgCl_2$in papillary muscle. Increasing $MgCl_2$ shortened the action potential duration (APD) in dose-dependent manner at 30% ($APD_{30}$) and 90% repolarization ($APD_{90}$) measured with conventional microelectrode technique in papillary muscle. In anesthesized guinea pig, the magnesium infusion resulted in a dose-dependent drop in blood pressure. These results suggested that magnesium is closely associated with cardiac physiological condition and exerts antiarrhythmic activities.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.174-183
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• 1996

The general pharmacological properties of Artemisia extract powder (DA-9601) produced from Artemisia asiatica leaves were investigated in mice, rats, guinea pigs and rabbits. DA-9601 at the dose of 800 mg/kg po had no influences on general behaviour, barbital sleeping time and motor coordination of mice. The material at the oral dose of 800 mg/kg did exhibit neither analgesic action nor hypothermic effect. Anticonvulsant action, muscle relaxant action and the effect on intestinal propulsion were not identified at 800 mg/kg po. In the isolated ileum and trachea of guinea pig, the material did not show direct erect and inhibitory action of chemically or electrically stimulated contraction at the concentration of $2\times10^{-5}$g/ml. The sinus rates of atria and contractility of papillary muscle of guinea pig were not influenced by DA-9601 at a dose of $2\times10^{-5}$g/ml. No influences on blood pressure and respiration were observed at 40 mg/kg iv, in rabbits. However, transient decreases in blood pressure of rabbits were observed as given 120 mg/kg in iv route with slight respiratory depression, and slight diuretic effect could be found without any changes in $Na^+$ and $K^+$ excretion.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.95-98
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• 1992

Alcoholic extract of seeds of Sesamum indicum (SI, 1-30mg/kg) caused hypotensive action in anesthetized rats. Heart rate was also decreased at slightly higher doses (10-30 mg/kg). Pretreatment with atropine (2 mg/kg) abolished these cardiovascular responses. In isolated spontaneously beating atria from guinea-pigs. SI caused decrease in force and rate of atrial contractions. In isolated guinea-pig ileum and rat uterus, SI (100-1000 ug/ml) produced contractile responses. All these actions of SI were abolished in the presence of atropine ($1\mu$M). These results indicate that alcoholic extract of seeds of Seamum indicum contains acetylcholine-like constituent(s) which explains some of the folkloric uses of plant.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.145-149
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• 1994

Intravenous administration of hydro-methanolic extract of Cyperus scariosus (3-10 mg/kg) produced hypotensive and bradcardiac effects. These effects remianed unaltered in atropinized animals indicating that cardiovascular effects of the plant extract are not medliated through activation of muscarinic receptors. In the in vitro studies, it suppressed the spontaneous contractions of guinea-pig paired atria, rat ulterus and rabbit jejunum in a concentration-dependent (0.1-1 mg/ml) manner. It also inhibited histanmine or acetylcholine-induced contractions of guinea-pig ieum indicating non-sepcific spasmolytic action. In rabbit aorta, it inhibited norepinephrine $(10\;mu{M)}$ as well as $K^+$ (80mM)-induced contractions at similar concentrations (0.1-1 mg/ml). These data indicate that cyperus scariosus contains $Ca^{2+}$ channel blocker-like constituent(s) which may explain hypotensive effect observed in vivo and the general spasmolytic activity of plant explain its folkloric use in diarrhoea.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.16 no.1 s.26
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• pp.41-50
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• 1980

Chenodeoxycholic acid(CDCA) has been used as a gallstone dissolving agent since 1972. Recently, ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA) has been reported to be effective in dissolving gallstones. Both bile acids increased bile flow. The increase in bile flow associated with an increase in cholesterol level in bile after CDCA or UDCA infusion was reported. In this study, using the smooth muscle strips of guinea pig and fowl, responses of the cholates were observed. In addition, the influence of adrenergic blocking agents on the response of the strips to cholates was investigated. Also the effects of cholates on cardiac function were examined by using isolated atria of rabbit and heart of anesthetized frog. The results are as follows: 1) All cholates, such as UDCA, CDCA, and CA produced a marked inhibitory effect on the motility in isolated duodenal strip of guinea pig and fowl, however, only UDCA showed the contraction in the isolated esophagus of fowl. These effects of cholates were blocked by propranolol. 2) In isolated guinea pig stomach strip and gall bladder, cholates exhibited a marked inhibitory effect on the motility and the effects due to UDCA and CA were blocked by phenoxybenzamine while CDCA was not affected. 3) The spontaneous and ouabain induced arrhythmia was partially abolished by cholates. However, concomitant administration of cholates with ouabain or epinephrine caused a marked prolongation in occurrence of atrial arrhythmia in comparison with ouabain or epinephrine alone in isolated rabbit atria. 4) In the heart of anesthetized frog, the epinephrine-induced arrhythmia was partially abolished by cholates. The combined treatment with cholates and ouabain or epinephrine produced a marked prolongation in occurrence of the arrhythmia in comparison with, ouabain or epinephrine alone. From the above results, it can be suggested that the effects of cholates on the smooth muscle of duodenum and esophagus are produced in response to adrenergic ${\beta}$-receptor and the effect or gall bladder and stomach is more likely due to the direct effect on the muscle. In addition, cholates exhibit a slight antiarrhythmic effect on heart, therefore, cholates can be classified as a nonselective antiarrhythmic drug, such as propranolol.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.13 no.1 s.21
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• pp.7-12
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• 1977

Recently several reports have claimed that the bath temperature changes, such as lower bath temperature, produce supersensitivity on the positive chronotropic effect of catecholamine in cat, mouse and guinea pig atria. However, others showed controversial results against temperature-dependent supersensitivity. Similarly, the inotropic effect of ouabain is diminished in febrile state, however some investigators indicated that cardiac glycoside showed less toxicities and less effects in hypothermic condition. In this study, the effects of norepinephrine and epinephrine on inotropy and chronotropy in isolated rat atria was investigated by changing the temperature of bath ($30^{\circ}C$, $^35{\circ}C$ and $38^{\circ}C$). In addition, the effects of ouabain on atria in hypothermic bath was also studied. The followings are the results. 1. At the lower bath temperature isolated rat atrial rate was decreased and contractility was increased. 2. The chronotropic responses to norepinephrine and epinephrine in $38^{\circ}C$ were decreased when the bath temperature lowered to $35^{\circ}C$ or $30^{\circ}C$, while the inotropic responses were not affected. 3. Hypothermic supersensitivity to norepinephrine or epinephrine was not observed in rat atrium. 4. The inotropic response to ouabain was potentiated but chronotropic response was diminished by a lowering in the bath temperature. In conclusion, the chronotropic response of rat atrium to catecholamine was decreased, however, hypothermic supersensitivity was no longer present in rat atrium and the inotropic response of ouabain was increased at lower bath temperature.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.150-153
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• 1994

Ethanolic extract of Daucus carota (DC) at the dose of 10-100 mg/kg caused a dose-dependent fall in systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressure in nomotensive anesthetized rats. These effects were not blocked by atropine (1 mg/kg) and pretratment with DC did not alter the pressor response to norepinephrine indicating that cardiovascular effects of DC are independent of cholinergic or adrenergic recptors involvement. In spontaneously beating guinea-pig paired atria, DC induced a concentration-dependent (03-5 mg/ml) decrease in force and rate of atrial contractions. In rabbit thoracic aorta, DC caused inhibition of $K^+$-induced contractions at similar concentrations. These results suggest that the extract may exhibit $Ca^{2+}$ channel blocking-like direct relaxant action on cardiac and smooth muscle preperations and this action may be responsible for its hypotensive effect observed in the in vivo studies.