• 농촌계획
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2012

This study aims to find out the geographical distribution, the physical structure and characteristic of Gudle-jang Paddy-field in Cheongsando. On the basis of this study, the potential value and the assignment for the preservation of Gudle-jang Paddy-field were suggested. Gudle-jang Paddy-field is centrally distributed to Cheongsando and has various features as follows. First, it has the Ondol structure which is used Gudle-jang. Second, it has an irrigation canal which has functions of the tank and the prevention of cold-weather damage as well as the irrigation and drainage canal. The values of Gudle-jang Paddy-field are as follows; 1) It is the peculiar and inherent agricultural structure which is only found in Cheongsando. 2) It is the structure that the agricultural civil engineering and the agricultural water management technique of traditional methode are applied. 3) It has the worths of the traditional culture of Korea. 4) It is the important resource creating superb rural landscape of the region. In spite of these values of Gudle-jang Paddy-field, there were little efforts to preserve it. From now on, it is needed to form of sympathy about the value of Gudle-jang Paddy-field and to make efforts for preservation of it. Also the institutional and political strategy should be provided to preserve and manage Gudle-jang Paddy-field.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.17-22
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• 2007

The heat flow characteristics of the Gudle (traditional Ondol) used a lot at farm houses have been performed with variations of Bunengki (Fireridge) by numerical analysis and field experiment. The Doedon-Gorae (Return-Firetunnel) Gudle is analyzed among the structure of Gudle. The distribution of heat flow in Gorse (Firetunnel) and the temperature distribution in floor of 3 Buneomgi (Fire ridge) was more uniform than that of 1 Buneomgi. The heat efficiency of 3 Buneomgi was higher than that of 1 Bunengki. That is, the 3 Bunengk is more efficient and more uniform temperature.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.100-119
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• 2021

이 글은 기존에 알려진 구들의 기원지를 검증하기 위한 연구이다. 구들의 기원지는 2006년 송기호에 의해 여러 지역에서 발생하였다는 다원설이 제기되었으며, 현재까지 가장 많은 지지를 얻고 있다. 그러나 이 가설이 나오고 10년이상 지나면서 다원설은 오히려 구들의 계통과 발달 과정을 밝히는데 혼란을 야기할 뿐 아니라 확대 재생산되고있다. 다원설에서 구들의 기원지로 제시된 곳은 중국 동북-한반도 서북한지역(세죽리-연화보유형문화), 한중러 삼국의 국경이 접하는 지역 일대-연해주 남부지역(단결-크로우노프카문화), 자바이칼-몽골 북부지역(흉노문화) 등 세곳이다. 이들 지역은 서로 거리가 멀고 문화적으로도 직접적인 인과관계를 설정하기 어렵다는 점에서 그동안 독자적인 발생지로 이해되어왔다. 물론 세죽리-연화보유형문화, 단결-크로우노프카문화, 흉노문화 사이에 상호 연관성을 찾기 어렵다는 점은 충분히 인정된다. 하지만 다원설에서 주장하듯, 구들이 여러 지역에서 독자적으로 발달했다고 보기에 이들 지역에서 나타나는 구조와 형태는 물론이고 결합되는 물질자료까지 대체로 일치하는 것은 의심스러운 점이다. 게다가 출현 시기와 지역 역시 기원전 3~2세기의 동아시아지역에만 한정되는 것도 납득하기 어려운 대목이다. 구들의 구조와 기술적 특징은 열효율을 높여주는 폐쇄 구조의 아궁이, 축열을 해주는 고래, 연기를 외부로 배출시켜주는 배연 시스템을 갖추고 있다는 점이다. 따라서 이에 대한 충분한 기술적 이해 없이 아무나 독자적으로 만들 수 없는 복합적인 기술 구조체라는 것을 알 수 있다. 그러므로 구들은 아궁이, 고래, 배연구조 중 하나라도 갖춘 시설을 사용하던 곳에서 발명되었을 가능성이 크다. 이에 따라 구들의 기원지로 알려진 지역에서 선행하는 폐쇄 구조의 아궁이나 배연시설을 갖춘 노(爐)가 존재하거나 발달과정이 나타나는지 살펴보았다. 그 결과, 다원설에서 기원지로 알려진 세 곳 모두 이러한 구조가 확인되지 않았다. 이들 지역에서 구들은 기존에 없던 토기 기종, 철제 농공구류 등 새로운 물질문화 요소와 함께 급격히 등장할 뿐이다. 결국 이들 지역은 구들을 발명할 수 있는 조건이 전혀 갖추어지지 않은 상태에서 외부로부터 전래되었을 가능성이 크다는 것을 알 수 있다. 따라서 이들 세지역 모두 구들의 기원지가 아니라는 사실이 분명해졌다.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 2006년도 하계 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.213-216
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• 2006

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제42권8호
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• pp.95-112
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• 2004

Most of the Korean Diaspora who lived in Yunhaeju moved to Central Asia in 1937 following the deportation policy of Russia. The Korean Diaspora has maintained the traditional way of living for 140 years without a deep relationship with Korea. This study examined the dwellings of the Korean Diaspora of Kazakhstan in Central Asia through visiting their houses and conducting interviews. The results of the research were as follows. 1) The houses of the Korean Diaspora in Kazakhstan in early times consisted of Jungjigan which has Gudle and one bedroom. Gudle is the most traditional element of the Korean Diaspora's house and it is generally used as a place to gather family members. 2) The Korean Diaspora's houses in Kazakhstan were basically built according to Russian style but with a slightly different way of living inside. 3) The changing process of planning and building code of apartments in Kazakhstan is similar to that in Russia and other CIS nations. 4) Korean's food style is one mixed with Korean, Russian and Central Asian foods and Kimchi and Jang(bean paste) are the essential elements for most Koreans. 5) Koreans are very active to develop a relationship with Kazaks, Uighurs, and Russians and this enables the exchange of their culture eventually. This study is the first step to supply basic information for study of the Korean Diaspora in Central Asia and deeper research is necessary with a wide range in Russia.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제42권9호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2004

Most of the Korean diaspora who lived in Yunhaeju moved to Central Asia in 1937 following the policy of deportation of Russia. Uzbekistan is the representative place for Korean diaspora to have settled down in Central Asia at that time and mort Korean diaspora in Central Asia are living in Uzbekistan now. Korean diaspora have maintained a traditional way of living for 140 years without a deep relationship with Korea. This study examined the dwellings of the Korean diaspora of Uzbekistan in Central Asia by visiting their houses and conducting interviews. Results of the research were as following: 1) The houses of the Korean diaspora in Uzbekistan in early times consisted of 2-3 bedrooms with Gudle. Gudle is the most traditional element of the Korean diaspora's house and it has been used as a place for gathering family members. 2) Korean diaspora's houses in Uzbekistan were built according to Russian and Uzbek style but most of the Korean diaspora's have a mixed style with traditional Korean elements of living.3) The changing process of planning and building codes of apartments in Uzbekistan is similar to that in other CIS nations and all of Russia. 4) Korean's food style is a mixture of Korean, Russian and Central Asian foods. Kimchi and Jang (bean paste) are essential for most Koreans and most Koreans are making these at home. 5) Most Koreans have maintained a good relationship with the Uzbek people and Koreans are very active in gelling along well with all. This enables them to exchange their culture eventually in various parts. This study could be the first step to supply basic information for the study of the Korean diaspora in Uzbekistan. Deeper research over a wider range is needed in Russia.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2008

Since fire was founded in the world, human races have invented various heating methods. Ondol is traditional heating method in Korea. It is very the important work to trace the history and characteristics of Ondol which originated and was developed in the Korean peninsula. Especially, the study on Ondol will contribute to improving the present heating methods and predicting future ones. In this paper, we shall study through the analysis of documents such as oriental documents, the document of Choseon dynasty, European documents and American documents. In order to discover the origins of Ondol as one of the excellent heating method all over the world, This study aims at identifying the history and characteristics of Ondol in the Korean peninsula, through document analysis. Results of this study are as follows. 1) The first document about Ondol is Sookyongjoo(水經注), Chinese ancient geography book. Contents recorded in the book include the description related to Ondol at Kwankyesa temple which was located at the border land between Gogooryo(ancient Korea) and the northeast of China. 2) Ondol was popular heating method in Gogooryo(ancient Korea) and it was used in not only Gogooryo but also Silla Kingdom and Beakje Kingdom. Thereafter, it was also used widely in Goryo dynasty and Choseon dynasty. Thereby we know that Ondol has been used as a heating method for a long time in the Korean peninsula. 3) Ondol was covered with a floor paper since the beginning of Choseon dynasty. the paper made room clean and impacted on Korean life style. Because the floor was clean and warm, Koreans thus took off shoes and sat on the floor. 4) Ondol was spreaded to Jeju island in Korea before 16th century but wasn't used widely there. The reason was that Ondol was rare high class heating system and the weather was warm in Jeju island. 5) The overspreading of Ondol caused that poor people built roughly Ondol in the last of Choseon dynasty. So, the quality of Ondol gradually became lower and lower. 6) A westerner was impressed by the novelty of Ondol and Frank Lloyd Wright had played an important role to update and spread Ondol widely all over the world. Hailing Ondol as the ideal heating system, Frank Lloyd Wright began incorporating it in his buildings back in the U.S. and even invented a modified ondol system, using hot water running through pipes instead of the hot exhaust through flues.