• Journal of Gastric Cancer
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2017

Gastric cancer (GC) has high mortality owing to its aggressive nature. Tumor angiogenesis plays an essential role in the growth, invasion, and metastatic spread of GC. The aim of this work was to review the angiogenic biomarkers related to the behavior of GC, documented in the literature. A search of the PubMed database was conducted with the MeSH terms: "Stomach neoplasms/blood [MeSH] or stomach neoplasms/blood supply [MeSH] and angiogenic proteins/blood [Major]". A total of 30 articles were initially collected, and 4 were subsequently excluded. Among the 26 articles collected, 16 examined the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), 4 studied endostatin, 3 investigated angiopoietin (Ang)-2, 2 studied the Ang-like protein 2 (ANGTPL2), and 1 each examined interleukin (IL)-12, IL-8, and hypoxia inducible factor. Regarding VEGF, 6 articles concluded that the protein was related to lymph node metastasis or distant metastases. Five articles concluded that VEGF levels were elevated in the presence of GC and decreased following tumor regression, suggesting that VEGF levels could be a predictor of recurrence. Four articles concluded that high VEGF levels were correlated with poor prognosis and lower survival rates. Ang-2 and ANGTPL2 were elevated in GC and associated with more aggressive disease. Endostatin was associated with intestinal GC. VEGF is the most extensively studied angiogenic factor. It is associated with the presence of neoplastic disease and lymph node metastasis. It appears to be a good biomarker for disease progression and remission, but not for diagnosis. The data regarding other biomarkers are inconclusive.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.234-241
• /
• 2023

At present, many countries around the world are legalizing cannabis and its products, and research on various treatments using cannabis is being actively conducted. However, the cannabis plant contains other compounds whose biological effects have not yet been established. We investigated the effect of cannabidiol (CBD) on hair growth in human dermal papilla cells (HDPCs). 2,2'-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays were performed to determine the antioxidant activity of CBD. The HDPCs viability of CBD was examined via water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) assay. The expression of hair-loss-related markers in HDPCs by CBD treatment was analyzed by real-time PCR and western blotting. The DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activity assay showed that CBD had superior antioxidant activities. In HDPCs, CBD increased cellular proliferation at concentrations without cytotoxicity. It also increased the expressions of fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1), fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF). These results correlated with a decrease in the expression of inhibition-related factors, such as androgen receptor (AR) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-B1). Moreover, CBD resulted in a significant increase in the phosphorylation of AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Therefore, it is suggested that CBD may be a potential remedy for the treatment of alopecia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.15-23
• /
• 2021

Background and Objectives During speech, the vocal folds oscillate at frequencies ranging from 100-200 Hz with amplitudes of a few millimeters. Mechanical stimulation is an essential factor which affects metabolism of human vocal folds. The effect of mechanical vibration on the cellular response in the human vocal fold fibroblasts cells (hVFFs) was evaluated. Materials and Method We created a culture systemic device capable of generating vibratory stimulations at human phonation frequencies. To establish optimal cell culture condition, cellular proliferation and viability assay was examined. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction was used to assess extracellular matrix (ECM) related and growth factors expression on response to changes in vibratory frequency and amplitude. Western blot was used to investigate ECM and inflammation-related transcription factor activation and its related cellular signaling transduction pathway. Results The cell viability was stable with vibratory stimulation within 24 h. A statistically significant increase of ECM genes (collagen type I alpha 1 and collagen type I alpha 2) and growth factor [transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF-1)] observe under the experimental conditions. Vibratory stimulation induced transcriptional activation of NF-κB by phosphorylation of p65 subunit through cellular Mitogen-activated protein kinases activation by extracellular signal regulated kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) phosphorylation on hVFFs. Conclusion This study confirmed enhancing synthesis of collagen, TGF-β1 and FGF was testified by vibratory stimulation on hVFFs. This mechanism is thought to be due to the activation of NF-κB and MAPKs. Taken together, these results demonstrate that vibratory bioreactor may be a suitable alternative to hVFFs for studying vocal folds cellular response to vibratory vocalization.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.219-226
• /
• 2002

Vascular endothelial growth factors(VEGFs) constitute a group of structurally and functionally related growth factor that modulate many important physiological functions of endothelial cells, especially angiogenesis. This paper explain substance, which participate in signaling transduction of VEGF, including Bcl-2, caspase, focal adhesion kinase(FAK), integrin ${\alpha}v{\beta}3$, MAP kinase, nitric oxide(NO)and prostacyclin(PGI2). Physical therapy enhance angiogenesis for repairment of injury which as wound healing, muscle contusion, cerebrovascular disease, rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore this review assist understanding for mechanism of physical therapy as therapeutic angiogenesis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
• /
• 2005.10a
• /
• pp.626-631
• /
• 2005

Monitoring data from agricultural reservoirs throughout the country were analyzed to evaluate the limiting factor for algal growth and correlationship between Chl-a, total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), and chemical oxygen demand (COD). It was used for the analysis to monitored data of 394 reservoirs such as TP, TN, Chl-a, and COD from 1999 to 2003. This study analyzed water quality items in terms of areas, seasons. It turned out that phosphorus in agricultural reservoirs (about 80%) was dominant limiting factor for algal growth. Therefor, it appears that the appropriate managements of phosphorus in the agricultural watershed are crucial to prevent excessive on algal growth. Generally, there is correlation between Chl-a and TP while Chl-a do not have effect on TN. Also, Chl-a have influence on COD. This study could be used beneficially for water quality management of agricultural reservoirs and related water quality modeling.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.43-55
• /
• 2013

I investigated whether snake venom toxin(SVT) from Vipera lebetina turanica enhances the apoptosis ability of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand(TRAIL) in cancer cells. TRAIL inhibited HCT116 cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. Consistent with cell growth inhibition, the expression of TRAIL receptors; DR4 and DR5 was significantly increased as well as apoptosis related proteins such as cleaved caspase-3, 8, 9 and Bax. However, the expression of survival proteins(eg, cFLIP, survivin, XIAP and Bcl2) was suppressed by the combination treatment of SVT and TRAIL. Pretreatment with the reactive oxygen species(ROS) scavenger N-acetylcysteine reduced the SVT and TRAIL-induced upregulation of DR4 and DR5 expression and expression of the apoptosis related protein such as caspase-3 and-9 as well as cell growth inhibitory effects. The collective results suggest that SVT facilitates TRAIL-induced apoptosis in human colorectal cancer HCT116 cells through up-regulation of the TRAIL receptors; DR4 and DR5 via ROS pathway signals.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.496-502
• /
• 2011

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of bee venom acupuncture therapy on the hair follicle growth by macroscopic, microscopic and immunohistochemical observation of skin 10 and 17 days after treatment. The results were as follows : Macroscopic hair follicle growth of 0.2 ml S.B.V. acupuncture treated group was more prominent than those of 0.1 ml S.B.V. acupuncture treated group and control group. Microscopic observation indicated that the hair follicle growth of control group reached anagen phase IV of hair growing cycle, and that of 0.1 ml and 0.2 ml S.B.V. acupuncture treated groups reached anagen phase VI and catagen, respectively. Immunohistochemical observations of the expression of various cytokines, enzymes and receptors in association with hair follicle cycle after local treatment of S.B.V. acupuncture therapy are as follows: Expression of fibroblast growth factor was more intense in epidermis and outer root sheath in 0.2 ml S.B.V. acupuncture treated group than that of 0.1 ml S.B.V. acupuncture treated group and control group. Expression of epidermal growth factor was more intense in bulge and outer root sheath in 0.2 ml S.B.V. acupuncture treated group than that of 0.1 ml S.B.V. acupuncture treated group and control group. Expression of c-kit receptor was more intense in epidermis, bulge and outer root sheath in 0.2 ml S.B.V. acupuncture treated group than that of control group. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor was more intense in epidermis, bulge and outer root sheath in 0.2 ml S.B.V. acupuncture treated group than that of control group. Expression of protein kinase C-${\alpha}$ was more intense in epidermis, bulge and outer root sheath in 0.2 ml S.B.V. acupuncture treated group than control group. It is concluded that bee venom acupuncture therapy promoted the expression of various cytokines, enzymes and receptors related to the hair growth cycle for hair growth. This findings indicates that bee venom acupuncture therapy is applicable to the treatment of hair loss.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.31-37
• /
• 2006

It was previously found that melittin inhibited $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity by reacting with signal molecules of $NF-{\kappa}B$ which is critical contributor in cancer cell growth by induction of apoptotic cell death. We here investigated whether melittin inhibits cell growth of human prostate cancer cells through induction of apoptotic cell death, and the possible signal pathways. Melittin ($0{\sim}1\;{\mu}g/ml$) inhibited prostate cancer cell growth in a dose dependent manner. Conversely related to the growth inhibitory effect, melittin increased the induction of apoptotic cell death in a dose dependent manner. Melittin also inhibited DNA binding activity of $NF-{\kappa}B$, an anti-apoptotic transcriptional factor. Consistent with the induction of apoptotic cell death and inhibition of $NF-{\kappa}B$, melittin increased the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins caspase-3, and Bax but down-regulated anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. These findings suggest that melittin could inhibit prostate cancer cell growth, and this effect may be related with the induction of apoptotic cell death via inactivation of $NF-{\kappa}B$.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.159-168
• /
• 2020

Purpose : To provide data on exercise prescription for obesity management and prevention of cardiovascular disease in girl's high school and to prepare basic data for more effective exercise program for lifestyle improvement and prevention of lifestyle-related diseases. This study examines the effects on brain nerve growth factor and inflammatory factors, and the relationship between obesity factor and brain neuron cell production factor and inflammatory factor changes by complex exercise. Methods : The subjects of the study were obese students with a body fat percentage of 30 % or higher after obtaining body fat percentage of high school girls in C-city. Among them, 20 students who wanted to participate in the program of this study and did not participate in special exercise and diet therapy within the last 6 months were radio-sampled into groups of exercise group and control group, but attendance rate was low and The final exercise group (9) and control group (9) were measured, except for one student who did not respond. Results : Analysis of the range of variation in body composition, BMI, lean body mass, and the interaction between the groups showed significant differences (p<.05). TC, TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C as variables of blood lipids, TC and TG were not significantly different and TG was significantly different (p<.05) in interactions. HDL-C showed a significant difference (p<.01) in interactions, an increase in exercise group, and a significant decrease in control group (p<.05). There was a significant difference (p<.05) in BDNF interaction, an increase in the exercise group and a decrease in the control group, but no significant difference. NGF tended to increase in both exercise and control groups. IL-6 had a significant difference in timing (p<.05) and significantly decreased (p<.01) in the exercise group, and TNF-α interacted with timing (p<.05), and a significant increase in the control group. Conclusion : This study confirmed 12-week compound exercise program was effective in increasing the expression of basal fitness or CNS factor, but not enough to actually improve brain function. Fat mass and obesity are also affecting vascular inflammatory factors.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.19 no.11
• /
• pp.1541-1545
• /
• 2006

The polymorphism of insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGFIR) gene in 12 pig breeds (total n = 593) was detected by PCR-SacII-restriction fragment length polymorphism and allele A (379 bp) or allele B (235 bp and 144 bp) observed. In the studied breeds, it was found that European pigs principally carried allele A, while Chinese native pig breeds principally carried allele B. In addition, the role of pig IGFIR was investigated in 156 Wanbai pigs and 212 Large Yorkshire pigs. Growth related variables including body weight at birth, 2-, 4- and 6-mo of age and backfat thickness and lean percentage estimated by ultrasonography at 6-mo of age were recorded in analyzing the association between IGFIR gene polymorphism and growth traits. AA-genotype pigs exhibited greater (p<0.05) body weights (BW) at birth, 2- and 6-mo of age, but not at 4-mo of age, than those of the BB-genotype in Wanbai and Yorkshire breeds. Moreover, in the Yorkshire breed, AA-genotype pigs had less backfat thickness (p<0.05) and greater lean percentage (p<0.01) than the BB genotype. Based on these results, it is necessary to do more studies on IGFIR before introducing the IGFIR locus into breeding programs.