• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1690-1694
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• 2003

The large and rapid changes of glucose utilization in lactating mammary tissue in response to changes in nutritional state must be largely related by external signal of insulin. This also must be related with the quantity and composition of the diet in vivo. To characterize the mode of growth factors and gut regulatory peptides with insulin, in vitro experiment was conducted with HC11 cells. All the growth factor alone and the combinations of growth factors significantly (p<0.05) increased in glucose uptake. Insulin, EGF and IGF-1 exhibited a stimulation of glucose uptake for at least 24 h. Furthermore, the highest (p<0.05) synergistic effect was shown in EGF plus IGF-1 and the second synergistic effect in insulin plus EGF while no synergistic effect was found between insulin and IGF-1. However, the gut regulatory peptides neither potentiated nor inhibited the action of insulin on glucose uptake. Although growth factors did not modulates glucose uptake via increasing the rate of translation of the GLUT1 protein, RT-PCR analysis indicated that the growth factors significantly (p<0.05) increased the expression of GLUT1. The growth factors are therefore shown to be capable of modulating glucose uptake by transcription level with insulin in HC 11 cells.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2016

Anthocyanin accumulation and plant growth were examined in petunia (NT and $T_2$ transgenic plants) by determining the effects of different sources of light and varying light/dark cycles. Red light significantly enhanced anthocyanin content of B-peru+mPAP1; however, it had a negative effect on anthocyanin production in RsMYB1 plants. In general, white light was found to be reasonable for anthocyanin accumulation in all plants. In case of light/dark cycles, application of seven days of light:14 days of dark significantly enhanced anthocyanin content. We found that anthocyanin content detected in transgenic plants expressing anthocyanin regulatory transcription factor genes (B-peru+mPAP1 or RsMYB1) was higher than that in NT plants in all treatments. Plant growth was also influenced by the different light sources and dark/light cycles. Taken together, our results suggest that light source and light/dark cycle play an important role in anthocyanin production and plant growth. The choice of the optimal conditions is also important for anthocyanin production and plant growth depending on NT or transgenic plants carrying anthocyanin regulatory transcription factors.

• 식품과학과 산업
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.2-11
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• 2017

The external factors of global flavor market include the world economy, population growth, urbanization, consumer spending, raw material availability, pricing, and regulatory issues. And the internal factors as product pricing and technology development may lie the flavor house's competitiveness and cost considerations. In developing countries, rising preference for packaged food and beverages and increasing personal expenditures will drive demand for flavor market. Increasing consumer demand for natural products, driven in part by health concerns and a desire for transparency in labeling will impact the demand. The increasing demand for salt and sugar reduction will boost demand for flavors to maintain the overall taste. The use of quality and innovative flavors in the beverages and the multifunctional flavors has a positive influence on the global market. The global flavor industry has the presence of several drivers and positive trends, with its future expected to be promising.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.21-34
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• 2014

The majority of early embryonic mortality in pregnancy occurs during the peri-implantation stage, suggesting that this period is important for conceptus viability and the establishment of pregnancy. Successful establishment of pregnancy in all mammalian species depends on the orchestrated molecular events that transpire at the conceptus-uterine interface during the peri-implantation period. This maternal-conceptus interaction is especially crucial in pigs because in them non-invasive epitheliochorial placentation occurs, in which the pre-implantation phase is prolonged. During the pre-implantation period, conceptus survival and the establishment of pregnancy are known to depend on the developing conceptus receiving an adequate supply of histotroph, which contains a wide range of nutrients and growth factors. Evidence links growth factors including epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2) to embryogenesis or implantation in various mammalian species; however, in the case of pig, little is known about such functions of these growth factors, especially their regulatory mechanisms at the maternal-conceptus interface. Our research group has presented evidence for promising growth factors affecting cellular activities of primary porcine trophectoderm (pTr) cells, and we have identified potential intracellular signaling pathways responsible for the activities induced by these factors. Therefore, this review focuses on promising growth factors at the maternal-conceptus interface regulating the development of the porcine conceptus and playing pivotal roles in implantation events during early pregnancy in pigs.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.15-41
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• 2019

This paper economically analyzes the benefits and concerns of the sharing economy and derives policy implications that could help to achieve the expected benefits and respond appropriately to any concerns. Primary benefits anticipated from the sharing economy are the creation of new transactions and promotional and market testing opportunities, and the main concerns include the crowding out of existing transactions as well as transaction and social risks. How these benefits and concerns are being realized in Korea is empirically examined by conducting a survey on participation experiences with the sharing economy. The sharing economy is expected to contribute to the enhancement of social welfare with its wide range of benefits if risk factors can be properly controlled. Accordingly, an institutional framework is needed to support the stable growth of the sharing economy, and the unique characteristics of non-professional, peer-to-peer transactions should be reflected in tandem with regulatory equity between existing and sharing economy suppliers. To do this, transaction-volume-based regulations are recommended. Furthermore, to secure regulatory effectiveness and to alleviate transaction risks, the pertinent obligations must be imposed on sharing platforms.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.4879-4881
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• 2012

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression is associated with resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The EGFR modulates DNA repair after radiation-induced damage through an association with the catalytic subunit of DNA protein kinase. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the most lethal type of DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation, and non-homologous end joining is the predominant pathway for repair of radiation-induced DSBs. Some cell signaling pathways that respond to normal growth factors are abnormally activated in human cancer. These pathways also invoke the cell survival mechanisms that lead to resistance to radiation. The molecular connection between the EGFR and its control over DNA repair capacity appears to be mediated by one or more signaling pathways downstream of this receptor. The purpose of this mini-review was not only to highlight the relation of the EGFR signal as a regulatory mechanism to DNA repair and radiation resistance, but also to provide clues to improving existing radiation resistance through novel therapies based on the above-mentioned mechanism.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.411-416
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• 2014

Simple formulas (單方) of muscle section in Donguibogam (東醫寶鑑) have long been prescribed for strengthening muscle and/or prevention of age-related muscle loss. However, biological activity and mechanisms by which they influence myoblast differentiation have not been studied. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the effects of 14 simple formulas on myoblast differentiation in C2C12 myoblast cells under non-cytotoxic ($0.5mg/m{\ell}$) conditions. C2C12 cells were treated with water extracts of simple formulas for 72 h, and RT-PCR was performed to determine the gene expression levels of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs), including myoD, myogenin, MRF4, myf5, and insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Treatment with Colocasiae Rhizoma (CR), Pini Semen (PS), and Sesami Semen (SS) resulted in a significant increase in expression of myogenin in C2C12 cells. Treatment with Allii Macrostemi Bulbus (AM), Colocasiae Rhizoma (CR), and Pini Semen (PS) also resulted in increased expression of MRF4 in C2C12 cells. In addition, enhanced expression of IGF-1 was observed in treatment with Eucommiae cortex (EC), Dioscoreae Rhizoma (DR), Colocasiae Rhizoma (CR), Pini Semen (PS), and Sesami Semen (SS) in C2C12 cells. These results indicate that simple formulas of muscle section in Donguibogam could potentially enhance myoblast differentiation at least in part via increasing expression of myogenin, and/or MRF4 and/or IGF-1.

• Mycobiology
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.171-182
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• 2009

Many aspergilli that belongs to ascomycetes have sexuality. In a homothallic or self-fertile fungus, a number of fruiting bodies or cleistothecia are formed in a thallus grown from a single haploid conidia or ascospores. Genome-sequencing project revealed that two mating genes (MAT) encoding the regulatory proteins that are necessary for controlling partner recognition in heterothallic fungi were conserved in most aspergilli. The MAT gene products in some self-fertile species were not required for recognition of mating partner at pheromone-signaling stage but required at later stages of sexual development. Various environmental factors such as nutritional status, culture conditions and several stresses, influence the decision or progression of sexual reproduction. A large number of genes are expected to be involved in sexual development of Emericella nidulans (anamorph: Aspergillus nidulans), a genetic and biological model organism in aspergilli. The sexual development process can be grouped into several development stages, including the decision of sexual reproductive cycle, mating process, growth of fruiting body, karyogamy followed by meiosis, and sporulation process. Complicated regulatory networks, such as signal transduction pathways and gene expression controls, may work in each stage and stage-to-stage linkages. In this review, the components joining in the regulatory pathways of sexual development, although they constitute only a small part of the whole regulatory networks, are briefly mentioned. Some of them control sexual development positively and some do negatively. Regarding the difficulties for studying sexual differentiation compare to asexual one, recent progresses in molecular genetics of E. nidulans enlarge the boundaries of understanding sexual development in the non-fertile species as well as in fertile fungi.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.1065-1074
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• 2016

Growth factors play an important role during early ovarian development and folliculogenesis, since they regulate the migration of germ cells to the gonadal ridge. They also act on follicle recruitment, proliferation/atresia of granulosa cells and theca, steroidogenesis, oocyte maturation, ovulation and luteinization. Among the growth factors, the growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and the bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15), belong to the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-${\beta}$) superfamily, have been implicated as essential for follicular development. The GDF9 and BMP15 participate in the evolution of the primordial follicle to primary follicle and play an important role in the later stages of follicular development and maturation, increasing the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein expression, plasminogen activator and luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR). These factors are also involved in the interconnections between the oocyte and surrounding cumulus cells, where they regulate absorption of amino acids, glycolysis and biosynthesis of cholesterol cumulus cells. Even though the mode of action has not been fully established, in vitro observations indicate that the factors GDF9 and BMP15 stimulate the growth of ovarian follicles and proliferation of cumulus cells through the induction of mitosis in cells and granulosa and theca expression of genes linked to follicular maturation. Thus, seeking greater understanding of the action of these growth factors on the development of oocytes, the role of GDF9 and BMP15 in ovarian function is summarized in this brief review.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2021

Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) are a family of transcription factors essential to the control of antiviral immune response, cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. IRF10 of zebrafish (Danio rerio) was negative regulation of the interferonΦ1 and 3 response in vitro. In this study, we analyze the induction of in vivo immune response activation from the IRF10 gene of zebrafish and the protective effect against VHSV. As the results, the group inoculated with IRF10 expression vectors, there was no expression of IFNΦ1, suggestion that IRF10 may function as a negative regulator of IRF3, which binds to the IFNΦ1 promoter. And other types of interferon genes (IFNΦ2-4) are thought to have been activated, inducing to the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine and Mx genes. As the results of challenge test performed at 14 days after inoculation of the expression vectors, the maximum survival rate [50% (1㎍ DNA) and 42.5% (10㎍ DNA)] for IRF10 group were recorded. Meanwhile, the survival rates of pcDNA3.1 and PBS as the control groups were 10% and 15%, respectively. This study suggests that the possibility that activation of IRF10 molecule could be exploited as a VHS control method.