• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.56-66
• /
• 1982

The effects of various dehiscent application such as dehiscent materials (big chaffs, vermiculite etc.), growth regulators and agricultural chemicals (plant protector.) on stimulation of dehiscence and shortening of dehiscent period were investigated Results obtained were as follows : 1. The moisture content of endosperm and seed coat at 10 day after dehiscent application amounts between 40% and 50%. 2. Endosperm diameter was increased with time of stratification, and the embryo growth showed in linear function, 3. Non-dehiscent seed showed also normally development of embryo, and the property of dehiscence dependent from physico-chemical nature of ginseng seed coat. 4. The best dehiscent materials were big chaffs and followed vermiculite, sand and sand with big chaffs. 5. The effect of dehiscence of ginseng seed showed higher activity in fungi than in bacteria in general. 6. Agricultural chemicals ( plant Protector) reduced the dehiscent rate of ginseng seed 7. The best timing of dehiscent treatment was between August 1 and August 10 but the smaller amount of dehiscent rate after August 10 dehiscent appllication indicated that big chaffs and growth regulator treatment may be controlled shortening of dehiscent period of ginseng seed.

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.34-38
• /
• 1967

Theoretical analysis reported in this paper is on the varities of the growth rate of Chlorella ellipsoidea due to the amount of available phosphorus for the purpose of the continual mass culture. Available phosphorus in the culture media of the Chlorella was also estimated at a limiting factor as this experiment. The equation between the concentration of Chlorella n and growth period t is $\frac{dn}{dt}=Kn$, and the functional relation between the Specific growth rate K and steady state period T is the following: $K=\frac{2.303}{T}$log\frac{n}{no}$ ($n_o$=initial concentration).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제23권11호
• /
• pp.1427-1435
• /
• 2010

The present study was conducted to examine the effect of a stair-stepped feed intake pattern on growth, feed efficiency, and meat quality of Hanwoo steers. Twenty-seven 11-month-old Hanwoo steers were randomly divided into three groups. The control group was fed according to the Korean steer feeding program, and the other two groups were fed according to an alternated feeding schedule of 3-2-4-2 months. During the first three months of the experiment, treatment group 1 (T1) and treatment group 2 (T2) were fed 20% and 30% less than the control group, respectively. For the following two months, the T1 group was fed 20% more than the control group while the T2 group was fed 20% less than the control group. In the third step, T1 and T2 groups were fed 20% and 10% less, respectively, than the control group for four months. In the last two months, T1 and T2 groups were fed 20% more than the control group. After the stair-step feeding trial, steers were fed concentrated feed ad libitum for five months. The altered feed intake pattern did not affect daily body weight gain. However, daily feed intake tended to decrease and growth efficiency tended to increase in the two treatment groups compared to the control group. Altered feed intake also affected blood metabolite levels. The serum glucose and BUN level of the T1 group increased in the first re-fed period compared to the T2 and control groups. The serum cholesterol level of the T2 group decreased in the first restricted-re-fed growth period compared to the T1 and control groups. The serum NEFA levels of the two treatment groups increased from the first restricted period compared to the controls. The serum insulin level of the T2 group increased in the last period compared to the T1 and control groups. Regarding meat yield index, the control group was significantly higher than the T2 group (p<0.05). Regarding meat yield grade, the carcass back fat thickness of the T2 group was significantly higher than the control group (p<0.05). In marbling score, the T1 group was the highest (4.9), followed by the control group (4.1) and the T2 group (4.0). These results indicate that using a stair-stepped growth pattern (T1) can contribute to improvements in growth efficiency and muscle marbling.

• 한국양식학회지
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.194-198
• /
• 2007

Reproductive traits of Palaemon gravieri such as embryo size, number of embryo (fecundity), incubation period, larval development mode, larval development period, larval survival and larval growth were described and compared to analyze the correlation among those traits. Embryo volume is a primary factor determining other ensuing reproductive features. Egg volume was $0.042mm^3$ in the first developmental stage. Embryo volume in P. gravieri was comparatively small which is indicative of great number of embryo (y = 3.0161x + 0.0185 $R^2$ = 0.74 positive isometric relationship) and relatively long incubation period. Larvae survived from zoea 1 to post-larvae and it took 45 days at $22^{\circ}C$. Survival rate of the larvae was rather great in the early stage and thereafter steadily decreased. Daily growth rate of larvae in P. gravieri at $22^{\circ}C$ was 0.0195 mm on average. They grew steadily as time went by. Incubation period was between 10-14 days at $22^{\circ}C$. Larval development mode was almost complete planktotrophic. PNR (point of no return) appeared to be the third day on average. Survival rate of larvae without feeding declined rapidly between 3 and 4 days. Larval development period and stage frequency were 23-30 days and 11 stages which imply prolonged larval period and high mortality. The pattern of brood production followed fast successive parturial pattern. Most ovigerous female had mature ovary when they performed parturial molt soon after hatching (larval release).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제4권4호
• /
• pp.341-351
• /
• 1991

Sixteen Holstein heifer calves were used in an 112-day trial to study the effects of probiotic supplementation on growth performance and rumen metabolism. Calves were divided into four groups of four calves each, with two groups receiving the probiotic supplement and two groups serving as controls. Calves were limited to 1.6 kg dry matter of a corn-barley based grain mix per day. Long-stem bromegrass hay was fed as forage the first 56 days and bromegrass silage the last 56 days of the trial. Probiotic (28 g/d/calf) was fed along with the grain mix twice daily. Data were analyzed for the entire trial and also for the separate hay and silage feeding periods. Total weight gain and average daily gain were not affected (p>.05) by probiotic supplementation. Dry matter intake was lower (p<.05) and feed efficiency (kg feed/kg weight gain) was improved slightly during the hay feeding period for the probiotic-supplemented calves. Wither height gain was greater (p<.05) during the hay period and lower (p<.05) during the silage period for probiotic-supplemented calves. Heart girth gain was improved (p<.07) by probiotic supplementation, particularly during the hay feeding period (p<.05). Total rumen volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration was higher (p<.05) with the probiotic-supplemented calves. Molar proportions of individual VFA were not affected (p>.05). Rumen ammonia-N and plasma urea-N concentration were lower (p<.05) for probiotic-supplemented calves during the hay feeding period. Total tract nutrient digestibility was not affected (p>.05). Some improvements in animal performance and changes in rumen and blood metabolites were observed when calves were supplemented with probiotic. Effects due to probiotic supplementation were most pronounced during the hay feeding period.

• 농촌계획
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.3-11
• /
• 2000

The high salt concentration of reclaimed tidelands in the beginning of reclamation interferes with the growth of most crops. Although the crops are cultivated in the unripened tidal reclaimed paddy fields after desalinization to be arable, they we apt to be injured from salt by the resalinization through accumulated salts in the root zone during the growing period. In oder to make the reasonable irrigation plan in the unripened tidal reclaimed paddy fields, the preventive water requirements of resalinization as well as leaching requirements have to be included in irrigation water requirements. The critical salinity for the normal growth of crops should be determined to estimate the preventive water requirements of resalinization, and the changes of salinity in soil and water should be analyzed during the growing period, In this study, the growth tests of crops were conducted by soil textures and water management methods in the experimental field with lysimeters, using the samples of good drainage soils and poor drainage soils. And the changes of salinity in soil and water during the growing period, were analyzed to obtain the basic data for determining the critical salinity and making the estimation criteria of the preventive water requirements of resalinization. As the results obtained from analyzing the changes of salinity during the growing period in the unripened tidal reclaimed paddy fields, the exchanging interval of water for the prevention of resalinization was estimated to be within two weeks in good drainage soils and a week in poor drainage soils. And the total exchanging requirements of water for the prevention of resalinization during the growing period was estimated to be over 280mm in good drainage soils and 540mm in poor drainage soils.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제29권8호
• /
• pp.1212-1220
• /
• 2019

The study of metabolomics in natural products using the diverse analytical instruments including GC-MS, LC-MS, and NMR is useful for the exploration of physiological and biological effects and the investigation of drug discovery and health functional foods. Cordyceps militaris has been very attractive to natural medicine as a traditional Chinese medicine, due to its various bioactive properties including anti-cancer and anti-oxidant effects. In this study, we analyzed the metabolite profile in 50% ethanol extracts of C. militaris fruit bodies from three development periods (growth period, matured period, and aging period) using $^1H-NMR$, and identified 44 metabolites, which are classified as 16 amino acids, 10 organic acids, 5 carbohydrates, 3 nucleotide derivatives, and 10 other compounds. Among the three development periods of the C. militaris fruit body, the aging period showed significantly higher levels of metabolites including cordycepin, mannitol (cordycepic acid), and ${\beta}-glucan$. Interestingly, these bioactive metabolites are positively correlated with antitumor growth effect; the extract of the aging period showed significant inhibition of HepG2 hepatic cancer cell proliferation. These results showed that the aging period during the development of C. militaris fruit bodies was more highly enriched with bioactive metabolites that are associated with cancer cell growth inhibition.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제45권1호
• /
• pp.23-32
• /
• 2003

본 연구는 농협중앙회 가축개량사업소와 한우개량단지에서 생산된 비거세 한우 숫소 3,415두의 자료를 이용하여 성장형질과 도체형질에 대한 유전모수를 추정하기 위하여 실시하였다. 본 연구에 이용된 한우 집단은 상반기와 하반기의 두 집단으로 구분하였는데 상반기 집단은 1986년부터 1990년까지 생산된 숫소 1,592두로서 6개월에 검정개시하여 18개월에 종료하였고, 단방식 우사에서 개체관리를 하였다. 하반기 집단은 1991년부터 1996년까지 출생한 1,823두로 10개월에 검정개시하여 22개월에 종료하였고, 군사식 우사에서 사양관리 하였다. 6-12개월과 12-18개월 일당증체량은 상반기 집단의 경우 1.01kg과 0.77kg이였고, 하반기 집단은 0.80kg과 0.95kg으로 하반기 집단에서 보상성장이 일어난 것으로 사료된다. 12개월 및 18개월 체중의 유전력은 상반기 집단의 경우 0.37 및 0.29이었고, 하반기 집단은 0.47 및 0.33이었으며, 6${\sim}$12개월 및 12${\sim}$18개월 일당증체량의 유전력은 상반기 집단에서 0.26 및 0.11이었고, 하반기 집단은 0.33 및 0.22으로 이들 형질의 유전력은 하반기에서 높았다. 상반기 집단의 12개월령 체고, 십자부고, 곤폭 및 흉위에 대한 유전력은 각각 0.30, 0.25, 0.11 및 0.13이었으며, 하반기의 경우 각각 0.53, 0.44, 0.36 및 0.56이었다. 상반기 집단의 18개월령 체고, 십자부고, 곤폭 및 흉위의 유전력은 각각 0.40, 0.22, 0.12 및 0.21이었고, 하반기의 경우 각각 0.45, 0.42, 0.42 및 0.35이었다. 상반기 집단의 냉도체중, 도체율, 배최장근단면적, 등지방두께 및 도체장에 대한 유전력은 각각 0.11, 0.24, 0.25, 0.18 및 0.21이었고, 하반기 집단의 경우 각각 0.32, 0.52, 0.33, 0.51 및 0.58이었으며, 근내지방도의 유전력은 0.31이었다. 상 하반기간 유전상관의 추정치는 12개월 흉위, 18개월 십자부고, 도체중 및 도체율의 경우 0.8 이상이었으나 다른 형질에서의 추정치는 이보다 낮았다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.81-87
• /
• 2006

본 연구는 남해안 북만 해역을 대상으로 조류성장잠재력(AGP) 시험을 통하여 H. akashiwo의 성장제한요인을 평가하였다. 영양물질의 첨가 및 미생물과의 동시배양에 의하면 적조발생 단계별 H. akashiwo의 성장은 서로 다른 제한요인에 의하여 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 적조발생 전의 H. akashiwo 성장은 질산질소 $50{\mu}M$과 연산인 $5{\mu}M$을 복합첨가하면 크게 증가하였지만 인산인을 단독 첨가하거나 미생물과 동시 배양하여도 전혀 영향이 없었다. 적조발생 전의 H. akashiwo 성장제한요인은 질산질소로 나타났다. 적조발생시기의 H. akashiwo 성장은 질산질소 $50{\mu}M$ 또는 인산인 $5{\mu}M$을 단독첨가하면 증가하였지만 미량영양물질이나 $vitamin\;B_{12}$을 첨가해도 전혀 영향이 없었다. 적조발생 시기의 H. akashiwo 성장제한요인은 질산질소와 인산인이 동시에 작용하는 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 적조소멸시기의 H. akashiwo 성장은 질산질소와 인산인을 첨가하면 약간 증가하였지만 미생물과 동시 배양하면 현저히 감소하였다. 그러므로 적조 소멸시기의 H. akashiwo 성장제한은 미생물요인에 의한 것으로 평가되었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.117-122
• /
• 1981

Mung bean sprout has been grown for 96 hours by soaking mung bean in such eight test divisions as Gibberellin 5-50ppm solution, well-water, and so on. Study on the charge of vitamin C an reducing sugar during its growth can be summarized as follows. 1. During the growth of mung bean sprout, the length and weight in the sample treated with Gibberellin 20ppm are highest of all Gibberellin divisions. 2. When mung bean sprout has grown for 24 hours, its vitamin C content reaches maximum in each sample. 3. There is little dehydro asscorbic acid in each sample during the growth period of 24-96 hours. 4. During the period of growth, the content of vitamin C in the sample treated with Gibberellin 5ppm are highest of all. 5. When mung bean sprout has been grown enough for cooking, in 48 hours, the content of vitamin C in the sample treated with Gibberellin 10ppm is highest but a significant difference is not recognized. 6. After 24 hours growth, vitamin C decreases but reducing sugar increases.