• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2008

Background: The purpose of this study was to present a practical method of medical treatment to improve the balance and motor ability of the mentally retarded child with a single mentally retarded child-subject. Methods: The subject of the study was a 39-month-old mentally retarded female. This study included a 2-week basic period and a 13-week treatment period. The treatment method was based on the Bobath Approach. Gross motor function measurement (GMFM) was used to examine changes in motor ability, and the Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) was used to measure changes in balance ability. The curative program was composed of normalization of muscle tone, strengthening of leg endurance and muscular strength, the improvement of trunk alignment, and the increase of balance. Visual rate of change was used to examine the results. Results: As a result of this study, balance ability increased on the Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) by 24 points, and motor function increased in terms of Gross Motor Function Measurement (GMFM) by 6.9% (18 points). Standing increased by 41% (16 points), and walking, running, and jumping increased by 31.9% (23 points) compared to thebasic period. Therefore, the Bobath Approach appears to be an appropriate method to improve balance and motor ability in mentally retarded children. Conclusion: It is surmised that aggressive intervention by physical therapists and occupational therapists, and a follow-up study, are required for the growth of motor ability in mentally retarded children.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.257-267
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the caring experience of the mothers of childhood burn patients. Methods: Data were collected from 28 mothers of childhood burn patients, through semi-structured in-depth interviews. Data were categorized and coded by using content analysis. Results: 27 categories and 102 statements were drawn from 4 domains. The analyzed domains were psychological sufferings, confronted harsh reality, coping method, and future concerns. Psychological sufferings were categorized heartache, sense of guilt, confusion, regret, depression, sorriness, getting hurt, frustration and upset feeling. Confronted harsh nature were categorized economic difficulty, physical burn-out, lack of caring other children and family troubles. Coping method were categorized positive thinking, having hope, ventilating feelings, accepting the situations, demanding help from family members, changing patterns of the burned child rearing, collecting information for burn treatment, refusing accept the condition of burned child, avoiding personal and social relationship, and reliance on religion. Concerns were categorized concerns of growth and adaptation of the burned child, anxiety for scar, concerns of adapting school life and vague future concerns. Conclusion: The nursing interventions for early assessing psychological problems and providing social supports for caring both burn patients and other siblings should be provided to the mothers of childhood burn patients.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.81-91
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• 2010

Objectives: The basic cause of developmental disability is congenital weakness, which is a disorder of the kidney according to the Oriental medicine definition. I suggest the oriental medicine music therapy, which can improve congenital weakness and recover the kidney dysfunction. Methods: This study focused autism and Asperger syndrome in terms of Oriental medicine, and also considered view points from the Western medicine. Conclusions 1. The kidney monitors vital elements which were produced from the bone marrow. Therefore, the growth and the development of a skeletal structure are related to the strength and weakness of kidney, which is measured in Qi score. 2. In a case of the deficiency of kidney, an essence due to congenital defect, it shows the symptoms of the developmental disability such as sluggish reaction and physical movements, falling of memory, hearing, and eyesight. 3. For the kidney disorder, "Eum music therapy", one of the oriental medicine music therapies, can promote development of the kidney and kidney-Qi score for the children with developmental disability.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.106-113
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• 2012

As environmental pollution and resource exhaustion have been considered as social issues, interest in green content industries which lead low-carbon green growth is increasing. In various areas, green content products and programs have been presented. Of them, kid theme parks are designed to recognize fun and advantages eco-friendly consumption with green contents has and lead children to recognize the problems of environmental pollution and the importance of environment. This study aims to analyse kid theme parks using green contents and characteristics of their space representation. The analysis frame was made through theoretical examination for bibliographical data and a direct interview in terms of factors of green contents. For the analysis frame, visitors were directly interviewed from June to July, 2012. Cases of introduction were analysed to identify realization and characteristics of green contents. As a result of the analysis, it was discovered that kid theme parks using green contents pursued green stories, but they did not consider environment seriously in terms of content materials and methods of realization. To develop successful kid theme parks using green contents, multi-dimensional research is needed in various aspects and various contents such as media should be introduced. The parks should provide fun space for children and propagate green ideas. Its success can lead in green entertainment. The study will be helpful for design of future kid theme parks.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.139-144
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• 2008

Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that mainly affects children and young adults. Its cause remains unknown. The incidence of pediatric Crohn's disease is increasing, so it is important for clinicians to be aware of the presentation of this disease in the pediatric population. The majority of patients complain of abdominal pain (72%), with only 25% presenting with the 'classical triad' of abdominal pain, weight loss, and diarrhea. Many children with Crohn's disease present in a 'non-classical' manner, with vague complaints such as lethargy or anorexia, which may be associated with only mild abdominal discomfort. Other symptoms include fever, nausea, vomiting, growth retardation, malnutrition, delayed puberty, psychiatric symptoms, arthropathy, and erythema nodosum. Severe constipation and abdominal distension are uncommon symptoms at diagnosis. We report a case of pediatric Crohn's disease, which was diagnosed after the patient presented with severe constipation and abdominal distension.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.135-139
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• 2014

A nationwide nutrition survey began when the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) requested assistance from international relief organizations in 1997 due to flooding in 1995-1996, followed by the worsening food shortage peak in 1997. According to reported data for the 15 years since the active intervention and assistance from international societies, the malnutrition and mortality rates of children in the DPRK have improved. However, the prevalence of the stunting reported in the latest 2012 report is 27.9%, which is still a moderate-severe level, and worrisome in terms of international standards. In particular, the prevalence in Ryangangdo, which is regarded as the worst region in the DPRK, is 39.6%, which is a very high level of stunting. To alleviate such regional deviation will be a major task for future assistance. In addition, one cannot emphasize too highly the importance of early nutritional assistance for pregnant women and infants, considering that the recovery from stunted growth is low after two years of age, and the aftereffects would continue for the rest of their lives.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.3-8
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• 1987

In order to secure reliable values of measurement of the data about children's longitudinal develop- ment and physique examination and their growth states for 6 years from first grade through sixth grade in elementary school was collected based on their school health records. A sample physique group and general physique group were investigated and compared classified into girls and boys. The results are as follows; (1) Whe the difference of physiques in the sample group and general group is compared, boys and girls show little difference in height but boys differ greatly in weight and sitting-height but girls do in weight, girth of chest and sitting-height between 8 and 11 years old. (2) In the verification of the two groups; the body height in 7 years old show a significant difference at the P<0.5 level and their weights do at 7.8 and 11 years old. Girls' sitting-height at 11 years old shows a significant difference at the P<0.5 level. In the light of the above results because possibility of instrumental error in measurement is high between the two groups and also in case of the comparison of past sample data, the physique examination used in every school seems to be in need of reconsideration to reduce errors in measurement.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.182-189
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify effects of parenting stress in North Korean refugee fathers on their parenting behavior. Methods: A descriptive study design was used. Data were collected during 2014 and 2015 in a settlement support center for North Korean refugees and 99 North Korean refugee fathers participated. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0. Results: Warmth encouragement parenting behavior received the highest score. The score for parenting stress was 81.98 out of 180, and 32.3% of participants were found to need professional help (${\geq}PSI\;90$). There were significant negative correlations between warmth encouragement parenting behavior and parenting stress. There were also significant positive correlations between rejection neglect parenting behavior and parenting stress. Predictors of warmth encouragement behavior were parent-child dysfunctional interaction which explained 10.1% of the variance. Predictors of rejection neglect behavior were parent-child dysfunctional interaction, number of children and wife's education level which explained 33.4% of the variance. Conclusion: Findings show that North Korean refugee fathers' parenting stress significantly influenced warmth encouragement and rejection neglect parenting behavior indicating a need to identify ways to decrease parenting stress. Parenting education can guide North Korean refugee fathers to strengthen parent-child positive interactions and therefore promote their children's growth and development.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2019

Noonan syndrome (NS) and NS-related disorders (cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome, Costello syndrome, NS with multiple lentigines, or LEOPARD [lentigines, ECG conduction abnormalities, ocular hypertelorism, pulmonic stenosis, abnormal genitalia, retardation of growth and sensory neural deafness] syndrome) are collectively named as RASopathies. Clinical presentations are similar, featured with typical facial features, short stature, intellectual disability, ectodermal abnormalities, congenital heart diseases, chest & skeletal deformity and delayed puberty. During past decades, molecular etiologies of RASopathies have been growingly discovered. The functional perturbations of the RAS-mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway are resulted from the mutation of more than 20 genes (PTPN11, SOS1, RAF1, SHOC2, BRAF, KRAS, NRAS, HRAS, MEK1, MEK2, CBL, SOS2, RIT, RRAS, RASA2, SPRY1, LZTR1, MAP3K8, MYST4, A2ML1, RRAS2). The PTPN11 (40-50%), SOS1 (10-20%), RAF1 (3-17%), and RIT1 (5-9%) mutations are common in NS patients. In this review, the constellation of overlapping clinical features of RASopathies will be described based on genotype as well as their differential diagnostic points and management.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.271-279
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• 2016

In the modern society, social activities of married women are increasing along with the economic growth, which leads to low birth rates of the situation where most people give birth to only one or two children. Korea in particular records one of the lowest birth rates among many other nations of the world. Despite the situation where overall industrial consumer economy is not good, baby goods market is becoming more luxurious and diversified, and its scale is also growing. Desires of young parents in their 20s and 30s for their children leads to consumption desires of luxurious baby goods, and despite the fact that their taste level rises by easily gaining access to immense baby information via the Internet, our nation's baby furniture market is unreasonably lacking the ability to satisfy the needs of such consumers. Furniture culture of our nation today is based on the stand-up culture of the West. However, analyzing the life culture inside our homes, stand-up and sit-down cultures of the West and the East are coexisting complexly. Such life pattern can be more easily found in households with babies. As such, baby furniture that satisfies our unique life culture and has quality, design and price competitiveness is desperately needed. In such market state, this study is expected to make economic and cultural accomplishments by focusing on the newly embossing baby furniture market and developing products, delivering them to consumers to open new markets and developing into an industry.