• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.339-345
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• 2002

Antifungal substances were isolated from solid cultures of Fusarium equiseti FO-68 obtained from arrowhead and Fusarium sp. FO-510 obtained from egg plant, and then their antifungal activities were investigated against plant pathogenic fungi in vitro and in vivo. An antifungal substance was purifed from rice solid cultures of F. equiseti FO-68 and identified as equisetin. In addition, two antibiotic substances were isolated from solid cultures of Fusarium sp. FO-510 and their chemical structures were determined to be zearalenone and 8'-hydroxyzearalenone. in vitro, equisetin and zearalenone inhibited mycelial growth of most of the plant pathogenic fungi tested, whereas 8'-hydroxyzearalenone hardly inhibited fungal growth. In vitro, equisetin effectively controlled the development of tomato gray mold and tomato late blight. Zearalenone exhibited in vivo antifungal activity against rice blast, rice sheath blight, tomato gray mold, and tomato late blight. However, 8'-hydroxyzearale-none did not control the development of plant diseases except tomato gray mold. This is the first report on the antifungal activities of equisetin, zearalenone, and 8'-hydroxyzearalenone.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.469-472
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• 2002

Solid state fermentation was performed for the production of entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae HY-2 using wheat bran media containing rice bran. Fungal growth in a solid state fermentation system was estimated by viable cell count, spore count, and mycelial biomass. It was used chemical method measuring N-acetyl-glucosamine (chitin) content for estimating of mycelial biomass. In static flask culture, viable cell reached 2.40 ${\times}$ $10^8$ cfu/g at 23 days of culture at $27^{\circ}C$ and then mycelial biomass was 41.59 mg/g. Specific growth rate(${\mu}$ max) was 0.0418 $h^{-1}$ between 3 and 9 days when estimated by viable cell count and was 0.00976 $h^{-1}$ between 9 and 17 days when N-acetylglucosamine content was measured. Viable cells reached 1.12 ${\times}$ $10^8$ cfu/g in polypropylene-bag at 28 days of culture at $27^{\circ}C$. Formulated microbial pesticide containing M. anisopliae HY-2 were tested their bio-activity against Chestnut Brown Chafer (Adoretus tenuimaculatus). The protection rate of the liquid culture showed 13 ${\sim}$ 26 % with 1st to 3rd instar, and spore suspension of M. anisopliae HY-2 showed 56 ${\sim}$ 64%. Conidia produced by large scale solid-state fermentation showed 20 ${\sim}$ 27 % activity 60 ${\sim}$ 64 % with M. anisopliae HY-2.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.433-440
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• 2003

Osmotic and solid matrix priming treatments enhanced germination performance. We compared osmotic with solid matrix priming to determine the more effective treatment for improving seed germination in pepper and tomato. Seed hydration was immediately observed after osmotic priming and solid matrix priming treatment. The moisture content of solid matrix primed seeds was lower than that of osmotic primed seeds in the two vegetable crops. Osmotic priming and solid matrix priming did not increased percent germination, but showed shorter number of days to 50% of the final germination percentage ($T_{50}$) compared with untreated seeds, regardless of germination temperature. $T_{50}$ value was reduced in osmotic or solid matrix primed pepper seeds about 6.0, 5.0, 4.6 and 4.0 days compared with untreated seeds at 15, 20, 25, and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. While, that in tomato seeds was reduced about 3.3, 5.0, 4.6 and 4.0 days compared with untreated seeds at 15, 20, 25, and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. The effectiveness of osmotic priming or solid matrix priming in reducing the $T_{50}$ was greater when the seeds were germinated at $15^{\circ}C$ than at temperature of higher than $20^{\circ}C$. Solid matrix primed seeds germinated faster than osmotic primed seeds at all temperature in pepper. However, there was no significant difference on the percentage germination between solid matrix and osmotic primed seeds in tomato. After priming, dried-bark seeds showed faster germination than surface-dried seeds in pepper. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in tomato. Emergence of pepper and tomato seeds was markedly enhanced by osmotic priming or SMP treatment although the final emergence percentage was not significantly influenced. On the other hand, early growth was not significantly influenced by osmotic priming or SMP treatment of pepper and tomato seeds.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 1982

This experiment has been carried out for the purpose of investigating the effect of additives on densification and grain growth in magnesium oxide by a two-step process; hot pressing and heat treating. MgO powder has been obtained by calcining extra reagent grade MgCO3 at 90$0^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes, and additives have been added to $MgCO_3$ in the form of soluble salts-Al$(NO_3)_3$$. $9H_2O$ and $Cr(NO_3)_3$.9H_2O$. The hot pressing has been carried out with changes of soaking time at 125$0^{\circ}C$ under the pressure of 250kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$, and the heat treating also at same temperature. The initial particle size of MgO measured by particle size analyzer was 0.86 microns. Densification rate obeyed the equation D=K lnt + C, and grain growth rate obeyed the equation G-G0=kt1/2. It was vaporization of some $Cr_2O_3$ and formation of solid solution that had an influence on desification of MgO containing $Cr_2O_3$. Activation energy for grain growth of pure MgO was 62.4 kcal/mole, therefore grain growth was supposed to be diffusioncontrolled process. But after heat treatmeat, excess additives were expected to slow down the grain growth by the formation of second phase or the solute atoms at grainboundary.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.392-396
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• 2010

This research focused on determining the effectiveness of cluster and/or flower thinning in highbush 'Jersey' blueberry on the yield and fruit quality. The total yield and quality of fruit were compared between thinning methods of control (no thinning), 1/3 cluster thinning, 1/3 cluster thinning + 1/2 flower thinning, 2/3 cluster thinning, and 2/3 cluster thinning + 1/2 flower thinning per each bearing shoot, respectively. Thinning strength significantly affected the yield of bearing shoot and, thus, total yield of control and 1/3 cluster thinning was higher than others. Both cluster and flower thinning, however, significantly affected the fruit growth resulting in the increase of fruit weight, length and width. Even total yield was similar between control and 1/3 cluster thinning, more larger fruit (> 1.6 g) were produced by 1/3 cluster thinning treatment, indicating that flower and/or cluster thinning contributed to the increase of individual fruit growth. Unlike fruit growth, fruit quality was less affected except total soluble solid contents. Total soluble solid level significantly increased in treatments (2/3 cluster thinning, 2/3 cluster thinning + 1/2 flower thinning) with yield decrease. No significant difference in levels of acidity and firmness of fruit was found. Results indicated that fruit growth and total yield of highbush blueberry was more influenced by the thinning strength regardless of cluster or flower than internal quality of fruit such as solid and acid levels.

• Mycobiology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.126-133
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• 2019

Isaria javanica pf185 is an important entomopathogenic fungus with potential for use as an agricultural biocontrol agent. However, the effect of I. javanica pf185 on plant growth is unknown. Enhanced tobacco growth was observed when tobacco roots were exposed to spores, cultures, and fungal cell-free culture supernatants of this fungus. Tobacco seedlings were also exposed to the volatiles of I. javanica pf185 in vitro using I-plates in which the plant and fungus were growing in separate compartments connected only by air space. The length and weight of seedlings, content of leaf chlorophyll, and number of root branches were significantly increased by the fungal volatiles. Heptane, 3-hexanone, 2,4-dimethylhexane, and 2-nonanone were detected, by solid-phase micro-extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry, as the key volatile compounds produced by I. javanica pf185. These findings illustrate that I. javanica pf185 can be used to promote plant growth, and also as a biocontrol agent of insect and plant diseases. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the mechanisms by which I. javanica pf185 promotes plant growth.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1803-1811
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• 2015

Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) is a novel jack-of-all-trades in cancer. Here we quantify the prognostic impact of this biomarker and assess how consistent is its expression in solid tumors. A comprehensive search strategy was used to search relevant literature updated on October 3, 2014 in PubMed, EMBASE and WEB of Science. Correlations between HDGF expression and clinicopathological features or cancer prognosis was analyzed. All pooled HRs or ORs were derived from random-effects models. Twenty-six studies, primarily in Eastern Asia, covering 2,803 patients were included in the analysis, all of them published during the past decade. We found that HDGF overexpression was significantly associated with overall survival (OS) ($HR_{OS}=2.35$, 95%CI=2.04-2.71, p<0.001) and disease free survival (DFS) ($HR_{DFS}=2.25$, 95%CI =1.81-2.79, p<0.001) in solid tumors, especially in non-small cell lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Moreover, multivariate survival analysis showed that HDGF overexpression was an independent predictor of poor prognosis ($HR_{OS}=2.41$, 95%CI: 2.02-2.81, p<0.001; $HR_{DFS}=2.39$, 95%CI: 1.77-3.24, p<0.001). In addition, HDGF overexpression was significantly associated with tumor category (T3-4 versus T1-2, OR=2.12, 95%CI: 1.17-3.83, p=0.013) and lymph node status (N+ versus N-, OR=2.37, 95%CI: 1.31-4.29, p=0.03) in CCA. This study provides a comprehensive examination of the literature available on the association of HDGF overexpression with OS, DFS and some clinicopathological features in solid tumors. Meta-analysis results provide evidence that HDGF may be a new indicator of poor cancer prognosis. Considering the limitations of the eligible studies, other large-scale prospective trials must be conducted to clarify the prognostic value of HDGF in predicting cancer survival.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.30 no.11 s.254
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• pp.1107-1116
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• 2006

The droplet ejection process driven by an evaporating bubble in a thermal inkjet printhead is investigated by numerically solving the conservation equations for mass, momentum and energy. The phase interfaces are tracked by a level set method which is modified to include the effect of phase change at the interface and extended for multiphase flows with irregular solid boundaries. The compressibility effect of a bubble is also included in the analysis to appropriately describe the bubble expansion behaviour associated with the high pressure caused by bubble nucleation. The whole process of bubble growth and collapse as well as droplet ejection during thermal inkjet printing is simulated without employing a simplified semi-empirical bubble growth model. Based on the numerical results, the jet breaking and droplet formation behaviour is observed to depend strongly on the bubble growth and collapse pattern. Also, the effects of liquid viscosity, surface tension and nozzle geometry are quantified from the calculated bubble growth rate and ink droplet ejection distance.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.191-198
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• 2022

Zirconia and titanium alloys, which are mainly used for dental implant materials, have poor osseointegration and osteogenesis abilities due to their bioinertness with low bioactivity on surface. In order to improve their surface bioinertness, surface modification with a bioactive material is an easy and simple method. In this study, akermanite (Ca₂MgSi₂O₇), a silicate-based bioceramic material with excellent bone bonding ability, was synthesized by a solid-state reaction and investigated its bioactivity from the analysis of surface dissolution and precipitation of hydroxyapatite particles in SBF solution. Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), magnesium carbonate (MgCO₃), and silicon dioxide (SiO₂) were used as starting materials. After homogeneous mixing of starting materials by ball milling and the drying of at oven, uniaxial pressing was performed to form a compacted disk, and then heat-treated at high temperature to induce the solid-state reaction to akermanite. Bioactivity of synthesized akermanite disk was evaluated with the reaction temperature from the immersion test in SBF solution. The higher the reaction temperature, the more pronounced the akermanite phase and the less the surface dissolution at particle surface. It resulted that synthesized akermanite particles had high bioactivity on particle surface, but it depended on reacted temperature and phase composition. Moderate dissolution occurred at particle surfaces and observed the new precipitated hydroxyapatite particles in synthetic akermanite with solid-state reaction at 1100℃.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.3-8
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• 2000

Background and Objectives: Adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary glands is characterized by insidious growth over many years, local recurrences, and distant metastasis and classified to three distinct histologic subtypes: tubular, cribriform, and solid. The solid type is known to have the worst prognosis. However, histopathologic heterogeneity is observed in tumors from the same patient. We have attempted to elucidate the genotypic differences, characterized by polysomies of chromosome 17, in adenoid cystic carcinoma according to the phenotypic histopathologic heterogeneity. Materials and Methods: Fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin blocks from seven patients with head and neck adenoid cystic carcinoma, using the centromeric $\alpha$-satellite probe of chromosome 17 to detect nuclei exhibiting polysomy. The difference in polysomeric chromosome expression in cribriform, tubular, solid type and type I, II, III according to the Szanto classification was analyzed. Results: Polysomy of chromosome 17 was found in 15.28% of the cribriform type, in 15.68% of the tubular type, and in 18.87% of the solid type. The proportion of polysomy was statistically higher in the solid type than in the cribriform type(p<0.05), and the proportion of polysomy increased progressively from type 1 to type 3, but this trend was statistically insignificant(p>0.05). Conclusion: We suggest that there may be genetic variations in tumor from the same patient depending on the histopathologic heterogenetiy in adenoid cystic carcinomas.