Our Country are called as a suzerain State of fermentation food, and preservative Technique was developed, because the specific character and the form of pottery were the best superior utensil of storage. The form couldn't give an explanation with scientifically, but we have used it for a few thousand years, which must get transformed from most compatible and reasonable form of fermentation. At present, a pottery was disappeared by the growth of the industrial society, and even the scientific form concealed it looks. For that reason, we apply the form into looks of a modernistic mechanism, and it intends to suggest a new direction to better the pottery of a formentation food.
Two new marine sponges of family Tedaniidae, Tedania (Tedon iu) songakensis n. sp. and Tedania (Tedonia) sasuensis n. sp. were collected from Jeju Island and Chuja Island, Korea between 2004 and 2005. T. (T.) songakensis n. sp. is similar to T (T.) purpurescen Bergquist and Fromont, 1988 based on its type of spicules, but is distinguished from growth form and size of small onychaetes. The growth form of this species is massive, and is compared with thin encrusting of Tedania (T.) purpurescen. The onychaetes of the new species is twice as long as that of T. (T.) purpurescen. T. (T.) sasuensis n. sp. is closely related to T. (T.) connectens (Bronsted, 1924) in type of spicules. However, it is different in size of onychaetes and growth form. The large onychaetes of new species is larger than that of T (T.) connectens. The small onychaetes of new species is smaller than that of T. (T.) connectens. The growth form is massive in new species, but thick encrustins in T.(T.) connectens. And T. (T.) songakensis n. sp. is similar to T. (T.) sasuensis n. sp. in growth form. However, the former is widely different from the latter in shape, color and size of all spicules.
The growth-inhibiting effects of Pinus densiflpora leaf-derived materials on nine human intestinal bacteria were investigated using the impregnated paper disk method, and their activities were compared with those of 13 commercially available terpenes. The biologically active constituent of the extract of P densiflora leaf was characterized as the monoterpene (1R)-(+)-$\alpha$-pinene by various spectroscopic analyses. Responses varied according to bacterial strain, chemicals, and dose. At 10 mg/disk, limonene and (1R)-(+)-$\alpha$-pinene strongly inhibited the growth of Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli, without adverse effects on the growth of five lactic acid-bacteria (Bifidobacterium adolescentis, B. bifidum, B. longum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and L. casei). Little or no inhibition against seven bacteria was observed with anethole, borneol, camphor, caryophyllene, 1,8-cineole, estragole, linalool, and $\alpha$-terpineol. Structure-activity relationship revealed that (1R)-(+)-$\alpha$-pinene had more growth-inhibiting activity against C. perfringens than (1R)-(+)-$\beta$-, (1S-(-)-$\alpha$-, and (1S-(-)-$\beta$-pinenes. Furthermore, the growth-inhibition against L. casei was much more pronounced in (1R)-(+)-$\beta$- and (In-(-)-$\beta$-pinenes than (1R)-(+)-$\alpha$- and (1S)-(-)-$\alpha$-pinenes. These results indicate that the (+)-$\alpha$ form seems to be required against C. perfringens and $\beta$ form against L. casei for growth-inhibiting activity. Morphologically, most strains of C. perfringens were damaged and disappeared at 5 and 2 mg/disk of (1R)-(+)-$\alpha$-pinene. Morphological study revealed that (1R)-(+)-$\alpha$-pinene had more growth-inhibiting activity against C. perfringens than (1R)-(+)-$\beta$-, (1S)-(-)-$\alpha$-, and (1S)-(-)-$\beta$-pinenes. As naturally occurring growth-inhibiting agents, the Pinus leaf-derived materials described above could be useful preventive agents against diseases caused by harmful intestinal bacteria such as clostridia.
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of form and particle size of feed supplemented with L-threonine on growth performance, carcass characteristic and blood biochemical parameters of broiler chickens. The experimental design was a $2{\times}2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement of treatments evaluating two feed forms (pellet or mash), two feed particle sizes (fine or course), and two inclusion rates of dietary L-threonine (with or without) which adopted from 7 to 42 days of age. In this experiment, 360 a day old chicks in two sexes were assigned in each treatment and each experimental unit was included 15 chicks. Feed consumption and weight gain were measured weekly. At 35 days of age, blood samples were taken to analysis blood biochemical parameters. At the end of the experimental period, two birds were slaughtered in each treatment and carcass analysis was carried out. The results showed that the effect of feed form on body weight gain and feed intake in whole of experimental period was significant (P < 0.05). Broilers fed pelleted diets had more weight gain than the mash group. Growth performance parameters were not affected by feed particle size and dietary L-threonine supplementation in whole of experimental period (P > 0.05). The results of carcass analysis showed that liver and gizzard relative weights were influenced by feed form (P < 0.05). However, pancreas and liver relative weights were affected by feed particle size and dietary L-threonine supplementation, respectively (P < 0.05). Triglyceride and VLDL levels were affected by feed form and dietary L-threonine supplementation (P < 0.05). The effect of feed particle size on blood biochemical parameters was not significant (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the experimental results indicated that feed form increased feed consumption and weight gain in whole of experimental period (1 to 42 days of age) while feed particle size and dietary L-threonine had no effect on broiler performance.
Thi, Van Anh Do;Park, Sang Min;Lee, Hayyoung;Kim, Young Sang
Molecules and Cells
/
v.39
no.7
/
pp.536-542
/
2016
Interleukin-17A is a member of the IL-17 family, and is known as CTLA8 in the mouse. It is produced by T lymphocytes and NK cells and has proinflammatory roles, inducing cytokine and chemokine production. However, its role in tumor biology remains controversial. We investigated the effects of locally produced IL-17A by transferring the gene encoding it into CT26 colon cancer cells, either in a secretory or a membrane-bound form. Expression of the membrane-bound form on CT26 cells dramatically enhanced their proliferation in vitro. The enhanced growth was shown to be due to an increased rate of cell cycle progression: after synchronizing cells by adding and withdrawing colcemid, the rate of cell cycle progression in the cells expressing the membrane-bound form of IL-17A was much faster than that of the control cells. Both secretory and membrane-bound IL-17A induced the expression of Sca-1 in the cancer cells. When tumor clones were grafted into syngeneic BALB/c mice, the tumor clones expressing the membrane-bound form IL-17A grew rapidly; those expressing the secretory form also grew faster than the wild type CT26 cells, but slower than the clones expressing the membrane-bound form. These results indicate that IL-17A promotes tumorigenicity by enhancing cell cycle progression. This finding should be considered in treating tumors and immune-related diseases.
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of fertilization level, additional dressing time and form of nitrogen on the growth and formation of Alkaloid in flue-cured tobacco. The results are abstracted as follows. Length and width of harvested leaves, area of a leaf, leaf area per plant, number of harvested leaves, weight of a leaf, and leaf weight of a plant were larger in the $NO_3$-N plot than $NH_4$-N plot. Length, width and area of the middle leaves increased by additional dressing on 7 days before topping, but the dry weight Per unit leaf area of those was decreased. Leaf shape was broaden in additional dressing plots in comparison with 100% of basal dressing plot, but there is no difference among the additional dressing plots. And the smallest leaf shape index was shown at upper leaves in 100% of basal dressing Plot. Leaf weight of a Plaint was the highest in 12kg/10a Plot among $NO_3$-N form and in 12kg/10a plot among $NH_4$-N form. Total Alkaloid content was higher in $NH_4$-N plot between fertilization forms, and highest in 15kg/10a plot among fertilization levels and at the position of middle and upper leaves in the plot of 7 days before topping among additional dressing times.
Employing the Numata-type life form, the paper analyzed changes of plants for 4 years at the Human-made Wetlands along Boknaecheon of Juam Lake since its creation. The number of the species planted at the Human-made Wetlands along Boknaecheon of Juam Lake, which was completed in December 2002, were 15 in total including, 10 families, 13 genera, 12 species and 3 varieties. As for the three-featured life forms of the planted species, there were 6 perennial hydatophytes, recording the biggest number of species in dormancy form; species each of $R_5$, $R_3$, $R_{2-3}$ respectively in radicoid from; 20 species of geomantic dissenminule form ($D_1$) in disseminule form and erecred type(e) existed the most in growth form. With regard to the 3 features of life form identified during the final year of the monitoring that lasted 5 years after the completion of the Wetlands, the number of species and individuals was found to have increased but there was no significant change of tendency as against the composition ration(%) of life form. There were 43 species of therophytes (Th) that covered 24.29% in dormancy form, while $R_5$ was prevalent in radicoid form and $D_4$, $D_1$, and $D_{1,4}$ comprosed 77.39% of the whole disseminule form. Growth form was surveyed in the order of erected type (e), bunch type (t), temporal rosette type (pr), branch type (b) and straight rosette type (ps) and these species comprised 64.97% of the whole flora. Consequently, in case of the artificial wetlands along the Boknaecheon of Juam Lake, it turned out that the vegetation type in which pioneer species of succession, or gradually stabilized perennial vegetation favoring Wetlands because the higher dormancy form has its perennial plants' composition ratio getting, the more its succession is progressing. Even though single grained plants ($R_5$) belonging to radicoid in breeding form, succession is predicted to take place considering the fact that they actually belong to ~ plants like Phragmites japonica that form a connection on the surface of the earth. In addition, it is judged that geomantic disseminule form ($D_1$) conveyed by water and gravitational disseminule form favored by the development of waterside woody plants ($D_4$) seem to be better fit to this area in desseminule form. As for growth form, bunch type (t) is judged to become prevalent on the Wetlands while a good variety of phanerophytes will coexist on the earth due to artificial as well as natural disturbances.
I measure aggregate productivity growth in manufacturing between 1995 and 2013 as defined by Petrin and Levinsohn (2012). I decompose aggregate productivity growth into technical efficiency improvements, resource reallocations, and net entry effects. I find that aggregate productivity growth slows down after 2004 and that the rapid drop in technical efficiency growth contributed most to the decline. In this paper, I focus on the role of young plants with regard to productivity growth of Korean manufacturing. I show that young plants account for nearly half of APG (48%), while their value-added share is 14 percent on average between 1995 and 2013. I find that productivity growth at young plants has been declining for the last ten years. The lower growth of continuing young plants contributes to this trend. These results stress the important role of young plants in aggregate productivity growth and imply that understanding the dynamics of young plants is necessary to form effective start-up policies.
The Arisaema robustum, perennial non-stem herb, population in the temperate forest of Sanseong-ri, Joongbu-myeon, Kyonggi Province was studied for leaf pattern and leaf growth from 1993 to 1995. The area of each side leaflet was larger than that of the apical leaflet in 3-leaflet form plants. But there was no significant difference among the leaflets (apical, 1st side and 2nd side leaflet) in t-testing of the 5-leaflet form plants. The specific leaf area (SLA) of the 3-leaflet form plant was greater than that of the 5-leaflet form plant, and the difference was significant at 0.1%. But differences of SLA value among the leafleats of the same leaflet form plants were minor. The area of leaflets or total leaf area was inversely proportioned to the their SLA values. Especially, the correlation coefficients (CC) between leaf area and SLA in apical leaflets and side leaflets of the 3-leaflet form plant compared to the 1st side leaflets of the 5-leaflet form plants were significant at the level of 1%. The differences between two sides in the dry weight and area of leaflets starting from the apical leaflets were about 5%. The CC values between attributes of the petiole (length and dry weight) and those of leaf blades (dry weight, leaf area and SLA) were high and significant at a 1% level. Especially, The CC value between the dry weight of the petioles and that of the leaf blades was higher than any others (r=0.952). The morphologies of the leaf margins were entire, medium serrate and serrate, and the same plant showed the same type from year to year. The plants usually had one leaf and occasionally 2 leaves. 1-leaf plants usually had 3 or 5 leaflets and occasionally 2 or 4 leaflets. Each year, the ration of individuals having the same number of leaflets was 72%, and that of individuals having a different number of leaflets was 27.54% (an increase of 20.4% and a decrease of 7.1% respectively). In the individuals increasing in the number of leaflets, the ration of individuals shifting from the 3-leaflet from to the 5-leaflet form was 14%. The increase ration of leaf area per individual a year was 37%, and the increase ratios of the plants increasing in leaflets were 60-70% regardiness of leaflet increase. The ratios of leaflet length/breadth were about 1-2, and the variations of those were 0.182-0.286 each year (12-20%).
Park, Young-Chel;Lee, Kee-Joon;Han, Hee-Kyoung;Lee, Jang-Yeol
The korean journal of orthodontics
/
v.26
no.4
/
pp.325-340
/
1996
Along with traditional goal of 'straightening teeth', today's orthodontics put more and more emphasis on facial esthetics. Naturally, the importance of soft tissue, which dictates one's facial form, is noticed. There have been many cephalometric studies on growth of hard tissue ; however, only a few on that of soft tissue. In Korea, various methods of sampling, measuring and analysing were used to study soft tissue changes, and yet, soft tissue changes along with process of normal growth have not been studied. The author carried out this study as a part of semi-longitudinal study on craniofacial growth and development of Korean children from ages of six to seventeen. 409 boys and 436 girls who'd had no systemic disease for the last three years and shown normal developmental and occlusal status were chosen as subjects. Cephalometric X-rays were taken of each subject, and facial form, lip position & form, nose form, and lip thickness were measured. Mean values and standard deviations were calculated according to age and gender, and figures and tables were drawn accordingly. The following results were obtained: 1. In respect to facial form, boys showed growth for longer period compared to girls. Also, lower face showed higher growth rate than upper face. 2. There was not much change in thickness of upper and lower lips with age; however, they appeared more prominent compared to caucasian children. 3. Nose grew horizontally with age. 4. Horizontal thickness of lower face increased with age, and upper lip thickness at nose base[A-Sn(FH)] showed more growth than anywhere else.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.