• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.11-32
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• 2024

In recent years, urban landscapes across the globe have undergone a remarkable transformation marked by a substantial surge in skyscraper development. This paper offers a comprehensive overview of the contemporary evolution of tall buildings, with a particular emphasis on the Middle East. It surveys tall building development in the ten "tallest cities" across the Middle East, including Dubai, Doha, Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, Riyadh, Manama, Tel Aviv, Kuwait, Mecca, and Jeddah, while listing the tallest ten buildings in each city. The focus sharpens on Dubai, UAE, serving as a compelling case study that vividly illustrates the city's swift metamorphosis from a low-rise to a high-rise urban center. Through meticulous examination, the study aims to unveil the key drivers propelling the construction of the world's tallest buildings, asserting that globalization factors play a pivotal role in fostering this transformative shift. The impetus behind this surge is rooted in the aspiration to project a modern and progressive image on the global stage. With Dubai at the forefront, cities in the Middle East strategically endeavor to reshape their international image and reclaim historical grandeur through ambitious skyscraper projects.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.77-97
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• 1996

This study was descriptive survey research. The main purpose of this study is to examine the daily activity of hospitalized children from two month years old to twelve years old and to identify needs or responses of mother who has hospitalized children. The subjects for the study were 179 mothers who have hospitalized children at pediatric ward two hospitals attached to a university in Seoul. The data was collected by two researchers and two assistants using structured open questionnaire for interview. The data was analyzed by using SPSS/PC. The results of the study were as follows ; 1. The daily activity of hospitalized children was mainly play activity except for treatment or nursing activity. It was limited activity at sickbed and various according to developmental stage of children. 2. The common responses of mothers on intravenous injection. blood sampling and fretful children were heartache. crying. empathy and guilty feeling. 3. The responses of mothers on disease progress were comfort. aspiration. anxiety. gloominess. critique and a serene state of mind. 4. The responses of mothers on medical personnel were kindness. carefulness. comfort. satisfaction. calmness and unkindness. 5. The responses of mothers on another hospitalized children were mainly empathy and sympathy. 6. The responses of mothers on patient clothes were comfort and deny. 7. The responses of mothers on residence with child were comfort. inevitable duty. laborious. exhaust. annoyance and worried about another family member. 8. The requirements of mothers were mainly convenience facility and play place. The results of this study indicate that hospital life were indifferent growth and development of children. Nurses need to identify hospitalized children and mothers have hospital adjustment problems and intervene as soon as possible to promote normal growth and development of theses children.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.135-147
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• 1988

To compare the stimulation effect of the ratio in follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in induction of multiple follicular growth, the serum $E_2$ level, the diameter of follicle, number of aspirated follicles and cleavage rate of in vitro fertilized preovulatory oocytes as well as the pregnancy rate were evaluated. Forty one patients with irreparable tubal disease were stimulated by hMG(n=24) or FSH/hMG(n=17) for the purpose of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. The following results were obtained. 1. Serum estradiol($E_2$) levels on the day of hCG administration were $921.0{\pm}353.3\;pg/ml$ in hMG group and $1272.9{\pm}1060.6\;pg/ml$ in FSH/hMG group. The serum $E_2$ value of hMG group was significantly lower than that of FSH/hMG group. 2. The diameter of leading follicle by ultrasonogram on the day of hCG administration were $16.2{\pm}2.0\;mm$ in hMG group and $16.2{\pm}2.6\;mm$ in FSH/hMG group. No significant difference of follicle diameter between two groups was demonstrated. 3. The number of follicles with diameter above 10 mm by sonogram on the day of hCG injection were $3.91{\pm}2.32$ in hMG group and $6.52{\pm}3.86$ in FSH/hMG group. There was significant difference of number of follicles between two groups, (p< 0.01). 4. The number of oocytes found per patient at aspiration were $2.59{\pm}1.00$ in hMG group and 3. $76{\pm}2.31$ in FSH/hMG group. There was significant difference of number of aspirated oocytes between two groups. (p< 0.05). 5. The detection rate of preovulatory oocyte at aspiration were 68.4%(39/57) in hMG group (n=22) and 77.6%(38/49) in FSH/hMG group (n=13). 6. The cleavage rate of preovulatory oocyte at 44 hours after insemination were 74.4%(29/39) in hMG group(n=22) and 81.6%(31/38) in FSH/hMG group (n=13). When only hMG was used, one pregnancy was established in 15 patients to whom 29 zygotes were transferred. And a full term normal female baby was delivered by elective cesarean section. In the FSH/hMG group, five pregnancies out of 9 transferred patients were confirmed by serum ${\beta}-hCG$. Two pregnancies were spontaneously aborted before the 6th week of pregnancy. One patient aborted her baby at the 18th week of pregnancy because of incompetent internal os of the cervix. Two patients delivered two full term babies by elective cesarean section. From the above findings, paralell with the increase in the ratio of exogenous follicle stimulating hormone to luteinizing hormone, an increase in oocyte recovery was observed as well as an improvements in pregnancy rate. It was concluded that FSH enrichment early in the follicular phase had a beneficial effect in the controlled ovarian hyperstimulation.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.62-68
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• 1997

Acinic cell carcinoma is a slow-growing solid neoplasm of salivary gland. Although their cytological and histological finding is bland-looking, their biological behavior is unpredictable. We experienced two cases of acinic cell carcinoma of the salivary gland diagnosed by fine needle aspiration biopsy and confirmed by tissue examination. They showed different clinical courses. We compared their cytologic and histologic findings. The first case was a right preauricular mass in a 58 year-old female of 3 years duration. The cytologic smear revealed sheets or small clusters of monotonous cells mimicking normal serous acinar cells with little cellular pleomorphism. She underwent superficial parotid lobectomy. The tumor was a well demarcated 1.5cm sized nodular mass without infiltration into surrounding parenchyme. The second case was a left submandibular mass in a 23 year-old male of 4 years duration. The smear showed more severe pleomorphism of the tumor cells than those of previous case. Excisional biopsy was done. The excised tumor was $5.5{\times}3.5{\times}3cm$ sized multilobulated solid mass with invasion into surrounding parenchyme. The tumor recurred after 20months, thus total excision of the mass and modified radical neck dissection was carried out. From the above findings, cytologic atypism, infiltrative growth pattern and type of initial therapy may be correlated with biologic behavior.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.53-77
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• 2012

The Easterlin Paradox is widely accepted as a pioneer of happiness study in social science disciplines including Economics, Psychology, and Sociology. Moreover, it should be noted, the paradox has abundant implications on many social issues such as 'economic growth or social equity', 'basic income' and so forth. It is in this regard that this paper purports to understand debates around the paradox. For this purpose, the chapter two examines the theoretical perspectives of the Easterlin Paradox, and accordingly the chapter three examines the Easterlin Paradox debates since the early 1990s. In the context of the Easterlin paradox debates, the chapter four scrutinizes the debates around satiation point in income-happiness nexus and duly concludes with some social welfare implications.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.431-435
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• 2014

A fifty-year-old female non-smoker with no other specific medical history visited our institute. She complained of axial back pain with no other neurological deficit. Chest X-ray, chest computed tomography (CT) scan, CT-guided needle aspiration biopsy, whole-body positron emission tomography, spine CT and spine magnetic resonance image findings suggested NSCLC with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation, multiple brain metastases, and two isolated metastases to the T3 and L3 vertebral bodies. She underwent chemotherapy with gefitinib ($Iressa^{TM}$) for NSCLC and gamma knife surgery for multiple brain metastases. We performed a two-staged, total en bloc spondylectomy of the T3 and L3 vertebral bodies based on several good prognostic characteristics, such as the lack of metastases to the appendicular bone, good preoperative performance status, and being an excellent responder (Asian, never-smoker and adenocarcinoma histology) to EGFR inhibitors. Improved axial back pain after the surgery enabled her to walk with the aid of a thoracolumbosacral orthosis brace on the third postoperative day. Her Karnofsky performance status score (KPS) was 90 at the time of discharge and has been maintained to date 3 years after surgery. In selected NSCLC patients with good prognostic characteristics, we suggest that locally curative treatment such as total en bloc spondylectomy or radiosurgery should be emphasized to achieve longer term survival for the selected cases.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.271-277
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• 2000

This study was conducted to establish the optimal culture conditions for in vitro production of bovine embryos derived from slaughter house ovaries. Cumulus-oocyte- complexes (COCs) collected by aspiration from follicles of 2~7 mm in diameter were matured in Ham's F-10 medium supplemented with 0.01 $\mu\textrm{g}$/m1 epidermal growth factor (EGF) at 39$^{\circ}C$ in a humidified atmosphere of 5% $CO_2$in air. After 24 hrs of culture, the oocytes were co-cultured with epididymal sperm selected off by Percoll-density gradient in TALP medium for 24 hrs. The presumptive zygotes were cultured in HECM-6 medium for 3 d post-insemination, and followed by cultured in TCM199 medium until 7 to 10d post-insemination. The cultures were compared of their cleavage and development into later stage in culture medium by additions of different protein sources (PVA, BSA and BCS) and by different embryo density. The rates of cleavage and development rates into blastocyst were not significantly (P<0.05) different among the culture media containing with BSA (75.0% and 40.5%), BCS (76.7% and 38.0%) and PVA (72.5% and 42.2%), respectively. Significantly (P<0.05) higher blastocysts rates were obtained in culturing of 30 and 40 embryos in each 50$\mu$l droplets of culture medium than in 5, 10 and 20 embryos. These results indicate that the optimal density of embryos is 30~40 embryos in a 50$\mu$l droplet of culture medium. Furthermore there is no effect of different protein sources on early embryonic development.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.81-91
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• 1989

It has been suggested that the prognosis for fertility of the infertile patients with healed pelvic tuberculosis is very poor. Total 60 patients(77 cycles) with previous history of pelvic tuberculosis who underwent IVF-ET from January 1988 to March 1989 at SNUH were classified into three groups according to the principal histopathological lesions : tuberculous endometritis group(N=20, 28 cycles), tuberculous salpingitis group(N=32, 37 cycles) and pelvic peritoneal tuberculosis group(N=8, 12 cycles). To evaluate the effects of previous pelvic tuberculous lesions on ovarian follicular growth and development in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for IVF-ET and its final outcome, serum E2 levels on the day of hCG administration(Day 0) and the day after hCG administration(Day +1), the number of ovarian follicles with mean diamete ${\geqq}$ 12 mm on Day 0, the number of oocytes retrieved by transvaginal aspiration, and pregnancy rate per cycle were measured and compared with control group(N=123, 161 cycles). There were no significant differences in cancellation rate during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, total dosage of FSH and hMG administrated, menstrual cycle date(MCD) of hCG injection, serum E2 levels, the number of ovarian follicles with mean diameter ${\geqq}$ 15 mm, and the number of oocytes retrieved between pelvic tuberculosis group and control group. But in pelvic tuberculosis group, the number of ovarian follicles with mean diameter 12-14 mm, total number of ovarian follicles(${\geqq}$ 12 mm), and pregnancy rate per cycle were significantly decreased. These data suggest that previous pelvic tuberculous lesions have no significant adverse effects on the ovarian response to gonadotropin stimulation. IVF-ET proved to be an useful treatment modality for infertile patients with previous history of pelvic tuberculosis in spite of its relatively lowered pregnancy rate.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.58 no.5
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• pp.183-189
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• 2015

Purpose: Catheter urine (CATH-U) and suprapubic aspiration (SPA) are reliable urine collection methods for confirming urinary tract infections (UTI) in infants. However, noninvasive and easily accessible collecting bag urine (CBU) is widely used, despite its high contamination rate. This study investigated the validity of CBU cultures for diagnosing UTIs, using CATH-U culture results as the gold standard. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 210 infants, 2- to 24-month-old, who presented to a tertiary care hospital's pediatrics department between September 2008 and August 2013. We reviewed the results of CBU and CATH-U cultures from the same infants. Results: CBU results, relative to CATH-U culture results (${\geq}10^4$ colony-forming units [CFU]/mL) were widely variable, ranging from no growth to ${\geq}10^5CFU/mL$. A CBU cutoff value of ${\geq}10^5CFU/mL$ resulted in false-positive and false-negative rates of 18% and 24%, respectively. The probability of a UTI increased when the CBU bacterial count was ${\geq}10^5/mL$ for all infants, both uncircumcised male infants and female infants (likelihood ratios [LRs], 4.16, 4.11, and 4.11, respectively). UTIs could not be excluded for female infants with a CBU bacterial density of $10^4-10^5$ (LR, 1.40). The LRs for predicting UTIs based on a positive dipstick test and a positive urinalysis were 4.19 and 3.11, respectively. Conclusion: The validity of obtaining urine sample from a sterile bag remains questionable. Inconclusive culture results from CBU should be confirmed with a more reliable method.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.458-465
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to characterize canine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow (BM) for use in research on the applications of stem cells in canine models of development, physiology, and disease. BM was harvested antemortem by aspiration from the greater tubercle of the humerus of 30 normal beagle dogs. Canine BM-derived MSCs were isolated according to methods developed for other species and were characterized based on their morphology, growth traits, cell-surface antigen profiles, differentiation repertoire, immunocytochemistry results, and neurotrophic factor expression in vitro. The canine MSCs exhibited a fibroblast-like morphology with a polygonal or spindle-shaped appearance and long processes; further, their cell-surface antigen profiles were similar to those of their counterparts in other species such as rodents and humans. The canine MSCs could differentiate into osteocytes and neurons on incubation with appropriate induction media. RT-PCR analysis revealed that these cells expressed NGF, bFGF, SDF-1, and VEGF. This study demonstrated that isolating canine MSCs from BM, stem-cell technology can be applied to a large variety of organ dysfunctions caused by degenerative diseases and injuries in dogs. Furthermore, our results indicated that canine MSCs constitutively secrete endogenous factors that enhance neurogenesis and angiogenesis. Therefore, these cells are potentially useful for treating dogs affected with various neurodegenerative diseases and spinal-cord injuries.