• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.5-13
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• 2019

Purpose - This research is aimed to investigate the impact of the Information and Communication Technology (hereinafter ICT) development index and ICT investment on Indonesian economic growth. Research design, data and methodology - The data used consist of ICT development index, government expenditure on ICT sector, and economic growth from 33 provinces in Indonesia from 2012 to 2015. Based on the Networked Readiness Index published by the World Economic Forum (WEF), Indonesia was ranked 80^th among 142 countries in 2012 and had climbed 64^th in 2014. This indicates that the businesses in Indonesia have adopted ICTs to increase productivity and expand their activities. Panel data regression analysis is performed to reveal the change of the impact over time in each of the provinces. Result - The ICT development index and government expenditure for ICT have a positive effect on the economic growth of all provinces, although the impact is different in each of the provinces. There is a digital gap between the provinces, especially the large digital gap occurring with DKI Jakarta. The provinces of Eastern Indonesia such as NTT and Papua are still relatively slow in development of ICT. Conclusions - ICT development index and allocation of local government expenditure for ICT have significant effect on economic growth. ICT development index has a bigger role in increasing economic growth.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.213-222
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• 2023

This paper mainly studies the relationship between financial development, inbound tourism development, and economic growth rate in Fujian Province, China. This study uses the data of real GDP, foreign exchange income from international tourism, and financial interrelations ratio from 1994 to 2019. In the analysis process, the Johansen cointegration test is first used to analyze whether the three have a long-term equilibrium relationship. Then the vector error correction model is established to test the restrictive relationship among the three. Next, the Granger causality test assesses whether the three have a causal relationship. Finally, the contribution rate of the three is analyzed by variance decomposition. The above methods show the following conclusions: first, the three have a long-term equilibrium relationship. Secondly, in the short term, local economic growth is constrained by inbound tourism and financial development. Thirdly, there is a causal relationship between economic growth and inbound tourism in Fujian, while there is a unidirectional causal relationship between financial development and economic growth, financial development, and inbound tourism. Fourthly, the contribution rate of inbound tourism to economic growth fluctuations in Fujian is higher than that of financial development.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.43-54
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• 2021

Human capital and innovation capacities are essential elements and one of the sustainable approaches to driving economic growth. However, there is debate among scholars concerning these two factors in fostering economic growth. This study investigates the relationships between human capital and innovation capacity and economic growth in selected ASEAN countries, namely, Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia. Economists widely discussed the interrelation of human capital and innovation. A large body of literature stated that human capital is an essential factor and engine of economic growth. Innovation has become key in transforming the economic development of developing countries. We analyze human capital (HC) and innovation capacity (INC) using static panel data analysis. The data analysis shows that the fixed-effect model is the best model in this study. Further, human capital (HC) has a significant positive relationship with economic growth. Meanwhile, innovation capacity has no significant relationship with economic growth. We also found that Malaysia's coefficient of human capital and innovation capacity is higher and more efficient than in Thailand and Indonesia. In conclusion, human capital and innovation capacity are crucial elements for measuring economic growth. Skilled human capital contributes significantly to the economic growth and economic development of a nation.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.191-201
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• 2021

This article examines the role of financial development in economic growth in a number of transitional economies where the financial systems were newly established or reformed only in the early 1990s to facilitate their transition from centrally planned economies to market-based ones. Based on a dataset collected from 29 transitional economies and 5 Asian developing economies covering the period 1990-2020, an empirical endogenous growth model is specified and estimated using the generalized method of moments (GMM). Three measures of financial development are used to investigate the relative role of the banking system and stock exchange market in the process of transition and growth. The results show that the three measures of financial development are crucial determinants of economic growth in transitional economies but the link seems to be in an inverted U-shape. This suggests the existence of thresholds for different channels of the financial sector to expand to positively influence growth. When becoming too large relative to the size of the economy, the financial system would have become a factor not conducive to growth. The growth convergence hypothesis is also confirmed and the impacts of other growth determinants are overall consistent with the extant literature.

• Proceedings of the Korea Association of Crystal Growth Conference
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• 1996.06a
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• pp.38-74
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• 1996

Recently, the development of new crystal materials for optical applications has become a focus of considerable interest because of the progress of optoelectronic technologies. We have carried out investigations focussing on the development of new optical and electrical materials, by systematic investigations of advanced crystal growth techniques. Here, research and progress in development of new materials and crystal growth techniques is reviewed.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.91-115
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• 2018

This paper aims to identify the most effective mode of development finance flows for the economic growth of middle-income developing and least developed countries, separately. It also attempts to confirm whether governance has any significant role in the causal relationship between development finance flows and economic growth. Policymakers in each developing country should select the most effective modality of development finance inflows among the different modalities (such as Official Development Assistance (ODA) grants, Official Development Assistance (ODA) loans, FDI, and international personal remittances) and expand it for their economic growth. Dynamic panel regression models were used on 48 least developed countries and 89 middle-income developing countries, respectively, during the Millennium Development Era: 2000-2015. The empirical analysis results show that ODA grants and remittances were most effective in promoting economic growth for least developed countries, while FDI was most effective for middle-income developing countries. These findings were not affected by the status of governance of the individual country.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.27-33
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• 2012

Purpose - The article studies aims to construct the center of economy in the upriver area of Chang Jiang, and has realistic significance probing into the contribution of insurance essential factor market to economic development on the contribution role of essential factor market of insurance in financial industry development to economic growth in Chongqing in both aspects of direct and indirect contribution by the way of demonstration analysis. Research data and methodology - The data are from Statistic Yearbook in Chongqing in 1997-2008.The conclusion shows that essential factor market of insurance development falls behind of economic growth in direct aspect; BBD, BLD and FIR could pull economic growth, but ID just restrain economic growth in Chongqing. Results -The estimate coefficient sigh of BDD, BLD, FIR are plus but ID is not, it is to say the increase of bank deposit dump could impel economic growth, which is accord with general thought. Conclusions - At last, the article Having Studied on the contribution role of essential factor market of insurance in financial industry development to economic growth in Chongqing by the way of demonstration analysis.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.51-60
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• 1983

Currently changing trends of child health care is demand total health assessment of child including growth and development. This study concentrates on the growth & developmental status of low birth weight infant for help their growth & development. Thus it can be provide a direction for scientific health education and counseling materials by investigating factor of growth & development. The subjects for this study were made up of 40 low birth weight infant who attended the well baby clinic of E university Hospital. The study method used was a questionnaire ＆ anthropometric assessment and DDST for normative data of development. The period for data collection was from July 1st to August 31th, 1982. Analysis of the data was done using percentages, $\chi$$^2$-test Stepwise Multiple Regression. The results of study were as follows. 1. The mean weight of birth was 2,068gm and mean of gestational period was 35.65 weeks. 2. The age at which weight ; 32.5%, head circumference : 67,5% chest circumference : 55.0%, height : 50. 0％ was normal range of physical growth. 3. The reverse age at which social development ; 87.5%, fine motor & adaptive development ; 70.0%, gross motor development ; 72.5% of children Passed by DDST to determine of normal range of development. 4. In the among variables, it was found that the infant who were the higher emotional & verbal response of mother and stimulus environment was the more normal range of weight & development than who was not. 5. The stepwise Multiple Regression between developmental status and predictors-birth order, weight at birth, sex, antenatal care, gestational period-are accounts for 34.1%.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.165-170
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• 2021

This paper examines the long-run relationship between financial development and economic growth. The effective function of financial development is crucial to promote the economic development of the country. To achieve the objective, this study used Gross Domestic Product as a dependent variable and Credit to The Private Sector, Ratio of the Gross Fixed Capital Formation to GDP, Trade, Consumer Price Index and Labour Force as an independent variable. Augmented Dickey-Fuller test statistic (ADF) to check the stationary. Bounds test for cointegration and Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag Models (ARDL) are used to check cointegrating relationship amongst the variables and causality between financial development and economic growth. Moreover, the Model selection method is Akaike Info Criterion (AIC). This result demonstrates that the labor force and trade hold a significantly negative relationship with economic growth. Nevertheless, inflation, Credit to The Private Sector, and Ratio of the Gross Fixed Capital Formation to GDP show a significantly positive relationship with economic growth. Therefore, there is a statistically significant relationship between Financial Development and Economic growth in Sri Lanka and the Sri Lankan government should reform its trade policies.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.771-781
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to identify major drivers of Myanmar's long-term economic growth and draw implications to implement development policies. This study investigated Myanmar, as the country is the most recently opened economy in Southeast Asia. This study conducted simulation analysis based on scenarios by applying World Bank's Long-Term Growth Model, Penn World Table 9.1, and World Development Indicator data. This study makes extensive use of LTGM and the LTGM-TFP extension to improve the validity of models for data calibration. This study confirms the validity of the model with data calibration and specifies scenarios for simulation analyses by setting the growth trajectory of Vietnam due to common geographical, political, and economic conditions. Main findings include that Myanmar's economic growth rate will continue to fall below 3% in 2040 without proper improvement of growth drivers. The results of this study also provide that total factor productivity growth and female labor participation are key factors for Myanmar's long-term economic growth. This study advises policymakers in Myanmar to strengthen human capital, which is crucial for total factor productivity growth in Myanmar's context and directly affects economic growth. Further, labor market policies to promote female labor participation is important to sustain economic growth.