• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.453-462
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• 2024

This study was carried out for the purpose of selecting the most appropriate taper equation for the actual stands of Pinus thunbergii in the southern coastal region of Korea and then developing a stem volume table to provide basic data for rational management. To develop a volume table of Pinus thunbergii in this region of Korea, 59 sample trees with various diameter distributions were selected and stem analysis was performed. As a result of stem analysis, two trees with abnormal diameter and height growth as the age increased were rejected, and 57 trees were analyzed. To develop the taper equation, seven major variable exponential equations were used, including Kozak 1988, 1994, 2001, 2002, Bi 2000, Muhairwe 1999, and Sharma and Parton 2009. As a result of parameter estimation and statistical verification, the Kozak 1988 model showed the highest goodness of fit with Fit I (Fit Index), RMSE 1.5620, Bias 0.0031, and MAD 1.0784. The diameter of each 10cm stem ridge for the selected model was estimated, and a stem volume table was produced using the mensuration of division (end area formula) using the Smalian equation. As a result of two-sample T-test for volume table of this study and current yield table, the volume for this study was found to be significantly larger at all observation points (p < 0.001). Even for the same tree species, it is judged that differentiated volume tables are needed for each growth environment characteristic.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2017

The aim of the study is to assess the asymmetry of influence of factors of economic growth of national economies, which are included in the integration. Unlike previous research, the scientific significance of the obtained results consists in the use of a new method of study - external demand as a factor of economic growth, disaggregated into two components. The first is net exports mutual trade in goods within integration associations. The second is net exports of foreign trade in goods outside the integration. By use of these methods we have evaluated the contribution of these factors on economic growth of the Customs Union and the Common Economic Space (CU/CES), as well as Kazakhstan, Russia and Belarus. In the conducted analysis of scientific research was based on the fact that the economies of the member (CU/CES) are very different in scale, economic potential and volume of foreign trade. Based on this research we conclude: integration is developing successfully and efficiently only with the rise of the national economies of the member countries; to enhance economic growth and competitiveness of the countries of the Eurasian integration it is necessary to increase the volume of mutual trade of member countries of this integration.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.81-87
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• 1998

This experiment was carried out with 12 Korean native heifers(8~12month old, body weight, 160~240kg) raised at a farm of Chang-Soo Livestock Cooperatives to evaluate the effects of rGH(recombinant growth hormone) on serum concentrations of growth hormone, estrogen, and IGF-I, weight gain, teat volume gain and processing enzyme activity of IGF-I, binding protein III at 28 day intervals. Animals used were injected with 250mg rGH at 14 day intervals from December to Ferbruary in 1994. The significant difference was found in the group of treatment on the 4th week in the endogenous GH(p<.01) and 8th week in estrogen and IGF-I(p<.05) after injectin of rGH in Korean native heifers. There were significant differences between control group and treatment group in weight and teat volume on 8th week after treatment(p<.05). Processing enzyme activity before injection of rGH were low. However, heifers injected with 250mg of rGH showed that processing enzyme activity of IGF binding protein was highly increased throughout the experiment. Present results suggest that injection of exogenous rGH to heifers can increase the growth performance and udder development of Korean native heifers by the endogenous hormonal changes.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.222-237
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• 2023

Eucalyptus pellita is one of the fast-growing tree species and has become predominant in Indonesian forest plantations. Meanwhile, tree breeding programs with clone development are the best way to provide greater genetic advantages. A better understanding of genetic control on growth and basic density in E. pellita is important for increasing wood productivity and quality. In this study, growth characteristics (tree height, diameter, and volume), basic density and its genetic parameters (heritability, genetic gain and genetic correlation) were determined. The number of clones tested in both trials was 50, divided into 5 blocks, and 5 trees/plot. The results showed that there were significant differences in growth and basic density among clones. There was an interaction between genetics and the environment further indicating the existence of unstable clones. The high heritability was found in tree height (0.82-0.86), diameter (0.82-0.90), and basic density (0.91-0.93). This implies that E. pellita has good opportunities for genetic improvement to increase wood productivity and quality. In addition, the results of genetic correlations among growth characteristics (height, diameter, and volume) and basic density showed positive moderate to highly significant value. It is suggested that these characters may be used to the advantage of the breeder for bringing improvement in these traits simultaneously. Therefore, this study provides important information of the genetic improvement of wood quality in E. pellita in Indonesia.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2008

In this study we investigated the effects of the microclimatic conditions on tree growth in different site types for natural deciduous forests in Korea. First, we classified all the sites into 36 types according to their aspect (east, west, south, and north), elevation (higher than 1,000 m, 700$\sim$1,000 m, and lower than 700 m), and topographical conditions (ridge, slope, and valley). For each site type, we measured diameter growth with increment borer, and then estimated periodic annual increment of diameter, height and volume. We applied a topoclimatological technique for estimating microclimatic conditions, and produced monthly climatic estimates from which 17 weather variables (including indices of warmth, coldness, and aridity) were computed for each site type. The periodic annual increments of diameter, height, and volume were then correlated by regression analysis with those weather variables to examine effects of microclimate on tree growth by site type. We found that the correlation of diameter growth by site type was significantly correlated with most weather variables except daily photoperiod. Water condition was the most important factor for the height growth. For volume growth, on the other hand, the conditions such as relatively high temperature and low humidity provided favorable environment. Our regression analysis shows that aridity index is a good predictor for tree growth including diameter, height and volume increments.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.445-447
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• 2002

The compositional changes in mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) were investigated in the marine dinoflagellate Scrippsiella sweeneyae exposed to four different spectral compositions and five relative intensities of UV-B (280-320 nm) to UV-A (320-400 nm) + photosynthetically available radiation (PAR: 400-700 nm). Neither dose nor wavelengths of UVR significantly affected the growth rates. UVR caused a significantly increase in cell volume. Cell volume in the >280nm treatment was more than two times greater at 6.8 % of UVR intensity. Production of UVR induced MAAs was dependent on the dose of UVR. However. the induction of MAAs was related to the cell growth. Greater induction of MAAs was observed at shorter wavelengths. The composition of MAAs varied with increasing light intensity of UVR.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.73-78
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• 2000

On this study, the fatigue crack propagation of super duplex stainless steel is investigated in conditions of various volume fraction of austenite phase by changing heat treatment temperature. And we analysed acoustic emission signals during the fatigue test by time-frequency analysis methods. As the temperature of heat treatment increased, volume fraction of austenite decreased and coarse grain was obtained. The specimen heat treated at $1200^{\circ}C$ had longer fatigue life and slower rate of crack growth. As a result of time-frequency analyze of acoustic emission signals during fatigue test, main frequency was $200{\sim}300kHz$ having no correlation with heat treatment and crack length, and 500kHz was obtained by dimple and separate of inclusion

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.61 no.7
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• pp.226-230
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• 2018

Purpose: This pilot study assessed changes in the growth plate and growth rates in children during a 6-month period. Methods: The study included 31 healthy children (17 boys, 14 girls) under evaluation for growth retardation. Height, weight, bone age, insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and insulin like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGF-BP3) were measured at baseline and after 6 months. In addition, the diameter, thickness, and volume of the femoral and tibial growth plates were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. Results: The mean bone age in boys and girls was 11.7 and 10.7 years, respectively. In boys, height (z score) (-0.2 vs. 0.0), weight (z score) (0.8 vs. 1.1), body mass index (BMI) (z score) (1.27 vs. 1.5), IGF-1 (ng/mL) (343.6 vs. 501.8), and IGF-BP3 (ng/mL) (5,088.5 vs. 5,620.0) were significantly higher after 6 months. In girls, height (z score) (-1.0 vs. -0.7), weight (z score) (-0.5 vs. 0.1), BMI (z score) (-0.02 vs. 0.3), IGF-1 (ng/mL) (329.3 vs. 524.6), and IGF-BP3 (ng/mL) (4,644.4 vs. 5,593.6) were also significantly higher after 6 months. In both sexes, the mean diameter and volume of the femoral and tibial growth plates were significantly increased 6 months later. Conclusion: No significant correlation was found between changes in the growth plate and clinical parameters in children with growth retardation in this study, other than correlations of change in femoral diameter with weight and BMI. A larger, long-term study is needed to precisely evaluate the correlation between change in the growth plate and growth.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.3
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• pp.422-430
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate growth changes of DBH, height, crown width, volume, stem biomass, and dead trees after thinning treatments with different thinning intensity for Korean white pine (Pinus koraiensis) plantation. First thinning was applied with 29~69% intensity based on number of trees in 19-yearold plantation, and trees were measured three times: right after thinning (19-year-old), 5 years later (24-yearold), 12 years later (29-year-old). In the case of DBH growth, average DBH growth of heavily thinned plots was 19.6~19.9% higher 5 years later, and 13.3~24.7% higher 12 years later, compared to that of unthinned plots. Initial diameter growth rate was higher than late growth rate. The proportion of large pole candidates ($DBH{\geq}25cm$) was 31% in heavily thinned plot while only 2% was shown in unthinned plot. No difference was shown in height growth depending on plots, and average crown width growth in heavily thinned plots was 30.6~33.3% higher, 5 years later, and 35.0~40.0% higher, 12 years later, compared to that of unthinned plots. Average volume growth of individual trees in heavily thinned plots was 39.8~46.8% higher, 5 years later, and 23.0~52.0% higher, 12 years later, compared to unthinned plots. The maximum volume and biomass per unit area were shown in unthinned plot; the volume and biomass 5 and 12 years later after thinning were $133m^3/ha$ (51 kg/ha) and $344m^3/ha$ (132 kg/ha), respectivily. The significant difference appeared in crown width, volume, and biomass depending on thinning intensity. No dead trees occurred in heavily thinned plots for 12 years after thinning, while mortality rate in unthinned plots was 27.9~37.8%. As a result of analyzing annual increment using cores to determine the timing of second thinning, it suggested that second thinning be suitable around 10 years after first thinning.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2005

Craniosynostosis is the premature fusion of one or more sutures of either cranial vault or base. Fused sutures may impede normal growth of the calvaria, leading to characteristic skull deformities; Morphological craniosynostosis is classified descriptively. Being craniosynostosis uncorrected the deformity progresses continuously and causes an increase of intracranial pressure. The surgical involvement aims at the expansion of intracranial space as well as satisfactory achievement of craniofacial shape. Early surgical correction in infancy prevents the deformity from the further progression and possible associated complication of high intracranial pressure. A long period of follow-up is essential to asses the outcome of an effectiveness of the surgery. measurement of intracranial volume has been concerned in medical personnel and anthropologists for many years. A reliable and accurate measurements of the intracranial volume facilitates to make a diagnosis and treatment of craniosynostosis. Pre-and postoperative change of intracranial volume was evaluated with 3D CT scanning in 12 cases of craniosynostosis who underwent frontal advancement and total cranial vault remodeling. Increased intracranial volume is attributed to surgical release of craniosynostosis and natural growth. We conceive that the intracranial volume is significantly increased after surgical correction of fused cranial sutures and along with natural growing. A procedure of frontal advancement and total cranial vault remodeling is very useful to correct such a deformity as craniosynostosis. And also 2 cases out of five mentally retarded patients improved remarkably and Forehead retrusion or temporal depression followed in another two cases.