• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.1250-1253
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to estimate the parameters of Gompertz growth curves with the measurements of body conformation, real-time ultrasound longissimus dorsi muscle area (LMA) and backfat thickness (BFT) in Hanwoo cows. The Hanwoo cows (n = 3,373) were born in 97 Hanwoo commercial farms in the 17 cities or counties of Gyeongbuk province, Korea, between 2000 and 2007. A total of 5,504 ultrasound measurements were collected for the cows at the age of 13 to 165 months in 2007 and 2008. Wither height (HW), rump height (HR), the horizontal distance between the top of the hips (WH), and girth of chest (GC) were also measured. Analysis of variance was conducted to investigate variables affecting LMA and BFT. The effect of farm nested in location was included in the statistical model, as well as the effects of HW, HR, WH, and GC as covariates. All of the effects were significant in the analysis of variance for LMA and BFT (p<0.01), except for the HR effect for LMA. The two ultrasound measures and the four body conformation traits were fitted to a Gompertz growth curve function to estimate parameters. Upper asymptotic weights were estimated as $54.0cm^2$, 7.67 mm, 125.6 cm, 126.4 cm, 29.3 cm, and 184.1 cm, for LMA, BFT, HW, HR, WH, and GC, respectively. Results of ultrasound measurements showed that Hanwoo cows had smaller LMA and greater BFT than other western cattle breeds, suggesting that care must be taken to select for thick BFT rather than an increase of only beef yield. More ultrasound records per cow are needed to get accurate estimates of growth curve, which, thus, helps producers select animals with high accuracy.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.74-86
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• 1991

This study tried to clear the characteristics of height growth pattern depending on Peak Height Velocity age in early, average and late groups. And in it, height growth tendency of girl students in age 7 to 18 years old was compared and investigated in order to know influencing factors, menarcheal age relation. The samples were senior girl students at high school in Seoul. Longitudinal data and survey data were collected in August, 1990. The results could be summarized as follows: 1. On distance curve, the height growth line in early group tended to be the highest and in late group the lowest. On the other hand, on velocity curve late group showed the highest peak and early group showed the lowest peak. In late group, velocity curve was too steep. Of course, these early, average and late groups were classified by PHV age. 2. In these three groups, late group showed the most growth amount per year. However, on distance curve, early group showed higher line than late group. Perhaps this means that peak growth amount in late group might have an effect on mean. 3. Growth amount of adolescence spurt age in these three groups was 6.86cm at age 9(early group), 7.27cm at l1(average group) and 7.65cm at 13(late group). In early group, because. PHV age came too early, it was difficult to find exact adolescence spurt period. In early group, the adolescence spurt period is considered to come at about age 7 to 9. In average group, at 9 to 11 and at 12 to 13 in late group. Especially, spurt of late group was remarkable. 4. When the growth amount of PA, before PA and after PA was compared, growth amount of PA in all three groups was about 20%. In early group, growth amount of APV tended to be large and in late group, that of APV tended to be large and in late group, that of BPV was large. In average group, growth amount of BPV was larger than that of APV. 5. For the purpose of comparing total height growth amount of these groups at age 18, the height growth was assumed to be over. And then, the difference of three groups was studied but it's not significant. 6. Although the difference between height growth and family environment, dietary habits, exercise, disease history in these three groups was investigated, only the income was significant. The significance of all the other factors was not approved. 7. When menarcheal age was compared with PA, generally we know menarche appeared after 1∼2 years of PHV age. But in case of early group, the difference between PHV age and menarcheal age was 5.34 years. In average group, 2.45 years and 0.82 years in late group.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.383-384
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• 2016

The Special Needs Education Assessment Tool (SNEAT) were verified of reliability and validity. However, the reliability and validity has been verified is only Okinawa Prefecture, the national data has not been analyzed. Therefore, this study aimed to verify the reliability and construct validity of SNEAT in Miyagi Prefecture as part of the national survey. SNEAT using 55 children collected from the classes on independent activities of daily living for children with disabilities in Miyagi Prefecture between November and December 2015. Survey data were collected in a longitudinal prospective cohort study. The reliability of SNEAT was verified via the internal consistency method; the coefficient of Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ were over 0.7. The validity of SNEAT was also verified via the latent growth curve model. SNEAT is valid based on its goodness-of-fit values obtained using the latent growth curve model, where the values of comparative fit index (0.997), tucker-lewis index (0.996) and root mean square error of approximation (0.025) were within the goodness-of-fit range. These results indicate that SNEAT has high reliability and construct validity.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.425-433
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• 1983

Fatigue tests by axial loading (R=0.1) were carried out to investigate fatigue crack growth properties of small surface cracks in mild steel at room temperature, 250.deg. C and 400.deg. C, by using flat specimens with a small artificial pit. All the data of the fatigue crack growth rate obtained in the present tests are determined as a function of the stress intensity factor range, so that the applicability of liner fracture mechanics to the fatigue crack growth of surface cracks at elevated temperatures is investigated and discussed in comparison with the data of type 304 stainless steel at room temperature and elevated temperature. The obtained results are as follows: 1) Relations of both surface fatigue crack length and its depth to cycle ratio fall within a narrow scatter band in spite of different stress levels. 2) The .DELTA. .sigma. .root. .pi. a-da/dN relation of surface fatigue crack growth at room temperature is independent of the stress level and can be plotted as a straight line at log-log diagram, but the relation at 400.deg. C depends partly on the stress level. 3) Relations of the fatigue crack growth into depth d(2b)/dN and is stress intensity factor range .DELTA. $K_{I}$, accounted for the aspect ratio variation, fall within a narrow scatter band for wide range of the applied stress levels. And .DELTA. $K_{I}$E-d(2b)/dN relations of mild steel at different stress level coincide relatively well with the data of type 304 stainless steel. 4) The value of aspect ratio obtained by a beach mark method and a temper coloring method approaches about 0.9 in common with crack growth and it is independent of stress level and temperatures. 5) The equi-crack length curve is parallel to S-N$_{f}$ curve at elevated temperatures.s.s.s.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.65-78
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• 1985

In this paper, the approach getting a total demand by forecasting the new demand and the replacement demand separately and adding them is used for long term forecasting of durable goods. Cross country analysis using the income as an independent variable and S-shaped growth curve as a fitting model is developed as a method of forecasting new demand. To get the replacement demand the methods using the number of ownership and the replacement rate and the methods using the past demand and the distribution of the product life are proposed. And the theoretical explannation for product life cycle's diversity, which is the one of the major considerations in the long term forecasting, is attempted by the combination of the new demand and the replacement demand patterns. This is applicated the long term forecasting of Korean passenger cars.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.249-261
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• 1994

The purpose of this research is to obtain a Simple Logistic Curve for the curve fitting of Korean total Population. Based on the population census data from 1949 to 1990, the parameters are estimated by 3-group method. As the results, intercensal populations of Korea from 1950 to 190 are estimated, and Korean total populations from 1991 to 2010 A.D. are projected. And we also can suggest the upper asymptote 58, 616 thousands of Korean total population.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.484-488
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• 2006

Alteration of illumination with optimum carbon dioxide fixation-based curve in this research successfully enhanced the $CO_{2}-fixation\;(q_CO_{2}$ capability of Chlorella vulgaris Buitenzorg cultivated in a bubble column photo bioreactor. The level of $CO_{2}$ fixation was up to 1.91 times that observed from cultivation with intensification of illumination on an optimum growth-based curve. During 144 h of cultivation, alteration of light intensity on an optimum $CO_{2}-fixation-based$ curve produced a $q_CO_{2}$ of $12.8\;h^{-1}$. Meanwhile, alteration of light intensity with a growth-based curve only produced a $q_CO_{2}$ of $6.68\;h^{-1}$. Increases in light intensity based on a curve of optimum $CO_{2}-fixation$ produced a final cell concentration of about 5.78 g/L. Both cultivation methods were carried out under ambient pressure at a temperature of $29^{\circ}C$ with a superficial gas velocity of $2.4\;m/h(U_{G}$. Cells were grown on Beneck medium in a 1.0 L Bubble Column Photo bioreactor illuminated by a Phillips Halogen Lamp (20 W/12 V/50 Hz). The inlet gas had a carbon dioxide content of 10%.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.45 no.8 s.459
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• pp.483-490
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the mandibular antegonial notch and the mandibular morphology, and the curve of Spee in anteroposterior skeletal relationship. Pre-treatment lateral cephalograms were obtained from 80(male 34, female 46) adult orthodontic patients and the samples were classified into 3 categories by ANB angle($0^{\circ}$$\leq$ANB< $4^{\circ}$ Class I, $4^{\circ}$$\leq$ANB Class II, ANB< $0^{\circ}$ Class III). The curve of Spee was measured directly from the pre-treatment mandibular study cast of each patient included in this study. Pearson correlation coefficient test and multiple regression analysis in each group revealed the following results; 1. Antegonial notch depth was positively correlated with hoth lower anterior facial height(ANS-Me) in skeletal Class I, II and III groups and Id-Me height in skeletal Class I and II groups. 2. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between the depth of the antegonial notch and the curve of Spee in the Class III group. 3. Significant relationship was not found between the antegonial notch depth and any of the other cephalometric variables such as mandibular body length(Go-Gn) and ramus height(Co-Go). As antegonial notch depth increased, more vertical growth of the mandible was observed. Antegonial notch can be used as a predictor of vertical mandibular growth in the diagnosis and treatment planning of malocclusion.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.60-69
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• 2004

Many methods have been described for the early intervention of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is lateral and rotational spinal curvature in absence of associated congenital or neurologic abnormalities, the most common type of scoliosis observed in child and young adults, and refers to curves that develop after the age of $10{\sim}18$. The curves of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis have the potential to progress rapidly during growth. Curves are currently universally measured by the Cobb's method and Ferguson method. Some curves do not remain small, these may be mildly or severely progressive and the ribs on the convex side of the curve separate, and those on the concave side ribs approximate so rib undergoes deformation with rib humping. The latter may make angles that can affect vestibular system, balance, sensory, especially cardipulmonary function. Intervention for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is based on the patient's age, the angular value of the curve, the maturity of their skeleton, and the topography. The purpose of intervention for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis consists of knowing how to go to the best approach the correction of the lateral curve and rotational deformity holding the achieved for the remainder of spinal growth, preventing significant cosmetic abnormality, pain and cardiopulmonary complication, control the muscle imbalance and proprioceptive postural disturbances, be less need for radical surgery to avoid early surgery.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.25-48
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to employ the Latent Growth Curve Model(LGM) to investigate the developmental trajectories of children's internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors and to identify predictors that might have an effect on change and the level of developmental trajectories. Furthermore, we classified the developmental trajectories of children's internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors, and also analyzed factors which caused differences in developmental trajectories by Semi-Parametric Group-based Modeling. This study used data from wave 1-4(2004~2008) of elementary school fourth grade panel of the Korea Youth Panel Survey(KYPS). The results showed that children's internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors changed significantly from the fourth grade of elementary school to the first grade of middle school. The predictors for developmental trajectories of children's internalizing problem behaviors were gender, self-control, parental conflict, deviant peers, and attachment to teachers. The predictors for the developmental trajectories of children's externalizing problem behaviors were gender, self-esteem, self-control, and deviant peers. The developmental trajectories of children's internalizing problem behaviors was classified into three groups. The developmental trajectories of children's externalizing problem behaviors was classified into four groups.