• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1395-1399
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• 2012

Background: Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have been reported to induce cell growth arrest, apoptosis and differentiation of tumor cells. The present study aimed to examine the effects of trichostatin A (TSA), one such inhibitor, on the cell cycle, apoptosis and invasiveness of osteosarcoma cells. Methods: MG-63 cells were treated with TSA at various concentrations. Then, cell growth and apoptosis were determined by 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and TUNEL assays, respectively; cell cycling was assessed by flow cytometry; invasion assays were performed with the transwell Boyden Chamber system. Results: MTT assays revealed that TSA significantly inhibited the growth of MG-63 cells in a concentration and time dependent manner. TSA treated cells demonstrated morphological changes indicative of apoptosis and TUNEL assays revealed increased apoptosis of MG-63 cells after TSA treatment. Flow cytometry showed that TSA arrested the cell cycle in G1/G2 phase and annexin V positive apoptotic cells increased markedly. In addition, the invasiveness of MG-63 cells was inhibited by TSA in a concentration dependent manner. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that TSA inhibits the proliferation, induces apoptosis and inhibits invasiveness of osteosarcoma cells in vitro. HDAC inhibitors may thus have promise to become new therapeutic agents against osteosarcoma.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.6709-6714
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• 2013

Background: Breast cancer is a leading cause of death in women. The available chemotherapy drugs have been associated with many side effects. Bromelain has novel medicinal qualities including anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, fibrinolytic and anti-cancer functions. Commercially available bromelain is obtained through tedious methods; therefore, recombinant bromelain may provide a cheaper and simpler choice with similar quality. Materials and Methods: This study aimed to assess the effects of commercial and recombinant bromelain on the cytokinetic behavior of MCF-7 breast cancer cells and their potential as therapeutic alternatives in cancer treatment. Cytotoxic activities of commercial and recombinant bromelain were determined using (sulforhodamine) SRB assay. Next, cell viability assays were conducted to determine effects of commercial and recombinant bromelain on MCF-7 cell cytokinetic behavior. Finally, the established growth kinetic data were used to modify a model that predicts the effects of commercial and recombinant bromelain on MCF-7 cells. Results: Commercial and recombinant bromelain exerted strong effects towards decreasing the cell viability of MCF-7 cells with $IC_{50}$ values of 5.13 ${\mu}g/mL$ and 6.25 ${\mu}g/mL$, respectively, compared to taxol with an $IC_{50}$ value of 0.063 ${\mu}g/mL$. The present results indicate that commercial and recombinant bromelain both have anti-proliferative activity, reduced the number of cell generations from 3.92 to 2.81 for commercial bromelain and to 2.86 for recombinant bromelain, while with taxol reduction was to 3.12. Microscopic observation of bromelain-treated MCF-7 cells demonstrated detachment. Inhibition activity was verified with growth rates decreased dynamically from 0.009 $h^{-1}$ to 0.0059 $h^{-1}$ for commercial bromelain and to 0.0063 $h^{-1}$ for recombinant bromelain. Conclusions: Commercial and recombinant bromelain both affect cytokinetics of MCF-7 cells by decreasing cell viability, demonstrating similar strength to taxol.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.6869-6874
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• 2013

Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinases are two important factors for angiogenesis associated with breast cancer growth and progression. The present study was aimed to examine the effects of tamoxifen and tranilast drugs singly or in combination on proliferation of breast cancer cells and also to evaluate VEGF and MMP-9 expression and VEGF secretion levels. Materials and Methods: Human breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, were treated with tamoxifen and/or tranilast alone or in combination and percentage cell survival and proliferative activity were evaluated using LDH leakage and MTT assays. mRNA expression and protein levels were examined by real-time RT-PCR and ELISA assay, respectively. Results: LDH and MTT assays showed that the combined treatment of tamoxifen and tranilast resulted in a significant decrease in cell viability and cell proliferation compared with tamoxifen or tranilast treatment alone, with significant decrease in VEGF mRNA and protein levels. We also found that tamoxifen as a single agent rarely increased MMP-9 expression. A decrease in MMP-9 expression was seen after treatment with tranilast alone and in the combined treatment MMP-9 mRNA level was decreased. Conclusions: This combination treatment can able to inhibit growth, proliferation and angiogenesis of breast cancer cells.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.400-406
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• 2017

Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in nasal growth after the implementation of a preoperative nasal retainer in patients with bilateral incomplete cleft lip. Methods Twenty-six infants with bilateral incomplete cleft lip and cleft palate were included in the study. A preoperative nasal retainer was applied in 5 patients from the time of birth to 2.6-3.5 months before primary cheiloplasty. Twenty-one patients who were treated without a preoperative nasal retainer were placed in the control group. Standard frontal, basal, and lateral view photographs were taken 3 weeks before cheiloplasty, immediately after cheiloplasty, and at the 1- and 3-year postoperative follow-up visits. The columella and nasal growth ratio and nasolabial angle were indirectly measured using photographic anthropometry. Results The ratio of columella length to nasal tip protrusion significantly increased after the implementation of a preoperative nasal retainer compared to the control group for up to 3 years postoperatively (P<0.01 for all time points). The ratios of nasal width to facial width, nasal width to intercanthal distance, columellar width to nasal width, and the nasolabial angle, for the two groups were not significantly different at any time point. Conclusions Implementation of a preoperative nasal retainer provided significant advantages for achieving columellar elongation for up to 3 years postoperatively. It is a simple, reasonable option for correcting nostril shape, preventing deformities, and guiding development of facial structures.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2000

최근 들어 가혹한 온도 및 압력조건에서 운전이 요구되는 고온배관들의 잔여수명예측은 상당히 중요한 관심사로 부각되고 있다. 이에 고온손상을 정량적으로 평가하여 설비를 안전하게 사용하기 위한 유지기술 및 수명평가 기술을 확보하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 한편 이러한 고온배관내 대부분의 균열은 반타원 표면균열의 형태로 형상화되어 파괴역학의 실제응용에서 발견할 수 있는 가장 복잡한 형상과 하중특성을 갖게 된다. 이를 배경으로 본 연구에서는 먼저 축방향 및 원주방향 반타원 표면균열이 존재하는 직관의 완전 3차원 유한요소망 자동생성 프로그램을 작성하였다. 이렇게 생성된 유한요소 입력자료를 이용하여 3차원 유한요소 해석을 수행하면 반타원 표면균열선단을 따른 고온 크리프 파괴 지배변수 $C^{\ast}$-적분값을 구할 수 있다. 또한 $C^{\ast}$-적분값에 준해 균열진전량을 계산하는 후처리 균열진전 모듈을 추가하여 사용자 편의 수명평가 프로그램을 개발하였다. 최종적으로 개발된 통합 수명 평가 프로그램을 이용하여 여러 가지 해석변수들의 반타원 표면균열을 갖는 고온 직관 수명에 대한 영향을 살펴보았다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.3089-3097
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• 2012

Background and Aims: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potential prognostic biomarker for patients with resected gastric cancer. However, its role remains controversial. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature. Methods: Relevant literature was identified using Medline and survival data from published studies were collected following a methodological assessment. Quality assessment of eligible studies and meta-analysis of hazard ratio (HR) were performed to review the correlation of VEGF overexpression with survival and recurrence in patients with gastric cancer. Results: Our meta-analysis included 44 published studies with 4,794 resected patients. VEGF subtype for the prediction of overall survival (OS) included tissue VEGF (HR=2.13, 95% CI 1.71-2.65), circulating VEGF (HR=4.22, 95% CI 2.47-7.18), tissue VEGF-C (HR=2.21, 95% CI 1.58-3.09), tissue VEGF-D (HR=1.73, 95% CI 1.25-2.40). Subgroup analysis showed that HRs of tissue VEGF for OS were, 1.78 (95% CI 0.90-3.51) and 2.31 (95% CI 1.82-2.93) in non-Asians and Asians, respectively. The meta-analysis was also conducted for disease free survival (DFS) and disease specific survival (DSS). Conclusion: Positive expression of tissue VEGF, circulating VEGF, VEGF-C and VEGF-D were all associated with poor prognosis in resected gastric cancer. However, VEGF demonstrated no significant prognostic value for non-Asian populations. Circulating VEGF may be better than tissue VEGF in predicting prognosis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.3741-3745
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• 2014

Background: Emerging evidence implicates the platelet-derived growth factor-D (PDGF-D) in many types of human solid tumors. We investigated whether PDGF-D plays an important role in endometrial cancer (EC) in relation to clinicopathologic phenotype, angiogenesis, and patient prognosis. Materials and Methods: We analyzed PDGF-D protein expression by Western blotting in twenty-seven human endometrial cancer tissues, and matched normal endometrial controls collected at the third Affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University during 2012-2013 (n=27). Immunohistochemical staining was performed using a human PDGF-D antibody on the endometrial cancer patients collected in the same facility during January 2001 and October 2013 (n=152). Patients were followed from the time of primary surgery in 2001-2013 until death or last follow-up. We correlated the PDGF-D expression levels with clinicopathologic parameters and prognosis in human endometrial cancer patients. Results: Compared with matched normal endometrial cases, PDGF-D was up-regulated in endometrial cancer. Expression of PDGF-D protein, found in 78% of the cases, was associated with nonendometrioid histologic type (p=0.028), FIGO stage III/IV (p=0.039), >50% solid tumor growth (p=0.048), pelvic LN metastasis (p=0.035) and ER and PR negativity (p=0.04 and 0.002). PDGF-D expression was also significantly associated with expression of VEGF-A (p=0.021). In multivariate analysis, PDGF-D expression proved to be an independent prognostic factor in addition to histologic grade and FIGO stage. Patients with high expression levels of PDGF-D had a significantly poorer overall survival rate compared with patients with no expression. Conclusions: PDGF-D expression is frequently up-regulated in endometrial cancer, and is associated with aggressive features and poor prognosis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.4859-4864
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• 2013

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a recombinant human epidermal growth factor (EGF)-based cream for the prevention of acute radiation dermatitis in breast cancer patients receiving radiotherapy (RT). Materials and Methods: Between December 2012 and April 2013, 40 breast cancer patients who received postoperative RT were prospectively enrolled in this study and randomly assigned to receive human recombinant EGF-based cream (intervention group) or general supportive skin care (control group). The grade of radiation dermatitis and pain score were examined at weekly intervals during RT and 6 weeks after RT completion. Results: All patients completed the planned RT and complied well with instructions for applying the study cream and general supportive skin care. In the intervention group, radiation dermatitis of maximum grade 3, 2, and 1 developed in 3 (15%), 11 (55%), and 6 patients (30%), respectively. In comparison, in the control group, radiation dermatitis of maximum grade 3, 2, and 1 developed in 8 (40%), 10 (50%), and 2 patients (10%), respectively. The intervention group showed lower incidence of grade 3 radiation dermatitis than the control group (p=0.068 in univariate analysis and p=0.035 in multivariate analysis). There was no statistically significant difference in the maximal pain score between the two groups (p=0.934). Conclusions: This single-blind randomized preliminary study showed that recombinant human EGF-based cream can have a beneficial role in preventing or minimizing radiation dermatitis in breast cancer patients. To confirm the results of our study, additional studies with a large sample size are required.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.12.1-12.8
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• 2020

Background: An 8-week feeding trial was designed to evaluate the potential of yellow mealworm (MW; Tenebrio molitor) as a locally available nutrient-rich feedstuff for rainbow trout fry (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Methods: Triplicate groups of fish (mean ± SE; 1.11 ± 0.01 g) were assigned to each of the five isonitrogenous and isocaloric practical diets containing graded level of a full fat MW (0, 7, 14, 21, and 28%) at the expense of fish meal (designated as MW0, MW7, MW14, MW21, and MW28, respectively). Results: Fish growth performance in terms of weight gain and specific growth rate significantly increased with increasing dietary MW level up to 14% and then declined when dietary MW levels further increased to 28%. Significantly higher protein efficiency ratio and lower feed conversion ratio were found in fish fed with diets containing MW compared to fish fed the control MW0. Myeloperoxidase activity was significantly higher in fish fed MW7 diet compared to fish fed the MW0 diet. Fish fed the MW14 and MW28 diets had significantly higher lysozyme activities than those fed the MW0 diet. Conclusions: Overall, the efficacy of MW as promising alternative to fish meal in practical diets for rainbow trout fry has been proved not only in relation to growth rates and feed utilization, but also from the viewpoint of immunopotentiation effects.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.240-255
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• 2010

본 연구는 대규모의 주택건설로 신도시가 지속적으로 형성되고 있는 수도권 지역에서 도시성장에 따른 주택시장의 분화에 영향을 주는 요인과 공간적 분화 패턴, 주택하위시장의 분화와 교외화의 관련성 등을 실증적으로 규명하고자 하였다. 용인시는 지리적 장점뿐만 아니라 주택시장의 제도적 사회적 환경 변화가 강력히 뒷받침해준 결과 2000년대 수도권 지역에서 가장 역동적으로 성장한 지역으로 주택시장의 변화에 관하여 미시적 스케일에서 주택하위시장의 공간적 분화 패턴을 밝히기에 적합한 장소이다. 용인시 주택시장은 4개의 하위시장으로 대별되었는데, 이에는 강남 분당과의 접근성, 경부 및 영동고속국도 등의 지리적 요인, 주택규모와 가격, 점유형태 등 주택재고의 특성, 그리고 세대구성 학력 및 소득수준 등의 사회경제적 요인이 중요하게 작용하였다.