• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.22
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• pp.253-285
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• 2011

The number of "Performing Arts Festivals" is growing increasingly in South Korea. This trend is mainly held in large cities which are difficult to communicate closely among residents. South Korea, while the pace of city life and speed of development are very fast, increasing number of "Performing Arts Festivals" with communal characteristics is in the natural process of festival evolution in large cities. In the evolution of the contemporary festival, it is natural to see some increase of modern festival after the development of traditional and folk festivals. It is important that the "Performing Arts Festivals" express the two elements, artistic character and festivity, not only in distinctively but also in harmony. The "Performing Arts Festivals" should consider the process of the organization, human resources, networking systems of the human communication process, resource use, etc. For the success of the festival, we must obtain the complementary effects between two attributes:festival characteristics and artistic senses. Therefore, we chose the 'Festival d'Avignon' as the reference of the total representation of artistic characteristics and festivity. From the case of the Festival d'Avignon, we get the implications of the development of performing arts festival in South Korea. To explain the festival value and artistic significance of the Festival d'Avignon, we explained the spontaneity and openness to public participation, the relationship between spectators and works, the representation of memory and communicative image, etc. To explain the artistic attributes of the 'Festival d'Avignon', we explained the mission to reconcile the artistic and the popular, to promote the artistic know-how, understanding how to communicate with the public, to consider more artistic quality than commercial benefits. Essentially, this study shows the meaning and the vision to forecast the future as well as the recent proliferation in various fields of Performing Arts Festivals. This study may help to improve analytical precision of Performing Arts Festivals.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.233-256
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• 2023

This study conducted foundational research to derive ways to use ChatGPT in mathematics education by analyzing ChatGPT's responses to questions from the National Assessment of Educational Achievement (NAEA) and the College Scholastic Ability Test (CSAT). ChatGPT, a generative artificial intelligence model, has gained attention in various fields, and there is a growing demand for its use in education as the number of users rapidly increases. To the best of our knowledge, there are very few reported cases of educational studies utilizing ChatGPT. In this study, we analyzed ChatGPT 3.5 responses to questions from the three-year National Assessment of Educational Achievement and the College Scholastic Ability Test, categorizing them based on the percentage of correct answers, the accuracy of the solution process, and types of errors. The correct answer rates for ChatGPT in the National Assessment of Educational Achievement and the College Scholastic Ability Test questions were 37.1% and 15.97%, respectively. The accuracy of ChatGPT's solution process was calculated as 3.44 for the National Assessment of Educational Achievement and 2.49 for the College Scholastic Ability Test. Errors in solving math problems with ChatGPT were classified into procedural and functional errors. Procedural errors referred to mistakes in connecting expressions to the next step or in calculations, while functional errors were related to how ChatGPT recognized, judged, and outputted text. This analysis suggests that relying solely on the percentage of correct answers should not be the criterion for assessing ChatGPT's mathematical performance, but rather a combination of the accuracy of the solution process and types of errors should be considered.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.398-403
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• 2023

Process-based K-cabbage model is based on physiological processes such as photosynthesis and phenology, making it possible to predict crop growth under different climate conditions that have never been experienced before. Current first-stage process-based models can be used to assess climate impact through yield prediction based on climate change scenarios, but no comparison has been performed between big data obtained from the main production area and model prediction so far. The aim of this study was to find out the direction of model improvement when using the current model for yield prediction. For this purpose, model performance evaluation was conducted based on data collected from farmers growing 'Chungwang' cabbage in Taebaek and Samcheok, the main producing areas of Chinese cabbage in highland region. The farms surveyed in this study had different cultivation methods in terms of planting date and soil water and nutrient management. The results showed that the potential biomass estimated using the K-cabbage model exceeded the observed values in all cases. Although predictions and observations at the time of harvest did not show a complete positive correlation due to limitations caused by the use of fresh weight in the model evaluation process (R²=0.74, RMSE=866.4), when fitting the model based on the values 2 weeks before harvest, the growth suitability index was different for each farm. These results are suggested to be due to differences in soil properties and management practices between farms. Therefore, to predict attainable yields taking into account differences in soil and management practices between farms, it is necessary to integrate dynamic soil nutrient and moisture modules into crop models, rather than using arbitrary growth suitability indices in current K-cabbage model.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.52-58
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• 2023

With the increasing awareness of the importance of carbon neutrality in response to global climate change, the utilization of hydrogen as a carbon-free fuel source is also growing. Hydrogen is commonly used in fuel cells (FC), but it can also be utilized in internal combustion engines (ICE) that are based on combustion. Particularly, ICEs that already have established infrastructure for production and supply can greatly contribute to the expansion of hydrogen energy utilization when it becomes difficult to rely solely on fuel cells or expand their infrastructure. However, a disadvantage of utilizing hydrogen through combustion is the potential generation of nitrogen oxides (NOx), which are harmful emissions formed when nitrogen in the air reacts with oxygen at high temperatures. In particular, for the EURO-7 exhaust regulation, which includes cold start operation, efforts to reduce exhaust emissions during the warm-up process are required. Therefore, in this study, the characteristics of nitrogen oxides and fuel consumption were investigated during the warm-up process of cooling water from room temperature to 88℃ using a 2-liter direct injection spark ignition (SI) engine fueled with hydrogen. One advantage of hydrogen, compared to conventional fuels like gasoline, natural gas, and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), is its wide flammable range, which allows for sparser control of the excessive air ratio. In this study, the excessive air ratio was varied as 1.6/1.8/2.0 during the warm-up process, and the results were analyzed. The experimental results show that as the excessive air ratio becomes sparser during warm-up, the emission of nitrogen oxides per unit time decreases, and the thermal efficiency relatively increases. However, as the time required to reach the final temperature becomes longer, the cumulative emissions and fuel consumption may worsen.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.107-116
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• 2014

Gonadal development and maturation mechanism were studied on the freshwater marsh clam Corbicula papyracea (Heude), which is the endangered species in Korea. The specimens were collected in the rearing ponds and waterway of NFRDI in Gapyeong-gun, Gyeonggi-do from January to December 2004, and then investigated by condition factor, relative growth, gonadal development phases and gonad histological characters based on 30-50 individuals every month. Comparing with the freshwater marsh clam, C. papyracea is small, light olive brown shell and violet interior. The hermaphrodite individuals of C. papyracea take an internal fertilization and fertilized eggs are stored in the foster-sack in the gills, then the hatched juveniles are released outside after an ovoviviparous process. The average water temperature of inhabit area was in range of $1.8-27.0^{\circ}C$ and usually took great effects on the gonad maturation of C. papyracea. The condition factor ranged from 0.14 to 0.21 throughout the year, which was the lowest during winter season (December-February), and gradually increased to the highest value of 0.21 in May. The ratio of meat weight to total weight was 25.9-38.7%, indicating the similar trend with condition factor. The highest values of condition factor and the ratio of meat weight appeared 1-2 months later than gonadosomatic index reached the peak value, it was probably because that the ovoviviparous eggs would spend a long period before hatching from the foster-sack in the gills. To synthesize the characters of meat weight, condition factor and gonad development by histological study, reproductive cycle of C. papyracea could be divided into five successive stages: multiplicative stage (December to February), growing stage (February to May), mature stage (June to August), spawning stage (August to November), recovery stage (November to December). The smallest shell length of matured C. papyracea was 12.6 mm, and individuals, larger than 16 mm, was formed the nursery in the gills.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.87-113
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• 2006

The research was performed responding to the growing needs of Korean foster care programs. It deals specifically with the people who voluntarily provide foster care despite the lack of Government support. The research has also made an effort to understand how the foster parents perceive their parent roles for the foster children. According to the research results based on the parents from the H foster care center, it showed that foster parents generally come from higher educational backgrounds compared to their equivalent age group and also similar or even higher income levels than the average family residing in an urban area. Conclusively, their traits in socio-demographic factors is said to be homogeneous. The research also focused on examining the role perceptions of Korean foster parents. The foster parents were well aware and educated on the significance of the children's psychological adjustments. However, the research recognized some role responsibilities that the parents failed to understand. Hopefully the foster care centers will take on such responsibilities and contribute in helping the parents realize their insufficiencies. Based on the results of the research, the researcher was able to recognize the important issues involved in the recruitment, selection, and education process for the foster parents. Additionally, new role adjustments are necessary among both foster parents and foster centers.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.57-79
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• 2011

One of the fastest growing sector in tourism industry is MICE industry due to globalization among the countries in various parts including business, politics, and cultural exchange. The objectives of this research can be in two fold: firstly, to evaluate the convention service quality and categorize them into three groups, basic service, performance service and exciting service; secondly, to provide the exciting service as a recovery program to restore customer satisfaction and their intention to reuse when the basic or performance service failure occurs. The results are as follows: among the four dimensions of the service quality, only the availability of information and the employee's performance were effected by the exciting service quality. Secondly, employees's performance can only be effected by the exciting service when customer service factor is included prior to the events. Thirdly, the following dimensions of services were not selected to be effective by the exciting services: conditions of physical facility, related infra-structure, the process of customer service and the program. Fourthly, only the additional services and events were selected to be the effective exciting services for the recovery program.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.131-144
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• 2016

Damage occur frequently around the world on climate change and the main cause of greenhouse gas emissions regulation is growing. To this end, the government has built integrated management system for national building energy. The building energy information is total 6.8 million complex. Integrated management system for national building energy database are matched building registers information and energy information of the supply agencies. However, the matching process has its limitations so advanced work is in progress continuously. This study analyzed integrated management system for national building energy database quality and limitations and deduce improvement plan to increase system reliability and availability. The existing database matching average rate is 85.6%. 58.2% of the total non-matching data type has no building information. To ensure the ease of new database matching and the accuracy of the existing database matching, address standarization and building properties system are needed between building information and energy information. Also, The system construction is required to include information on other energy sources like petroleum energy which has high proportion of non-urban areas and small residential areas and renewable energy which has high potential in development and utilization.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.474-488
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• 2015

Conflicts in the construction of large public facilities carried out as national projects are crucial issues we have to deal with. There are growing concerns for and oppositions to large construction projects in terms of environmental deterioration and the dissolution of local communities. In the case of projects that promise the creation of jobs and investment, the competition and disputes are increasing and being intensified. Therefore, there is a considerable amount of study on the competitions and conflicts between regions. Previous studies have focused on the procedures of public policy, governance structure, the role of local media. Contrary to the previous studies, this study investigates the spatial ways of constructing conflicts. Based on the analysis of the project of "Southeastern New International Airport", there is a mismatch between the spatial boundary of cost/benefit and agents (regions) of disputes. The agents of conflicts also show the politics of multiple scales by constructing alliances and breaking the network in the process of the airport project. The findings suggest that the conflicts on regional development should be understood as the construction of dynamic regional politics on regional development rather than as the by-product in the practice of policies.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.147-156
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• 2011

Since the urbanization process has been taking place, negative outcomes such as environmental pollution and traffic congestion have produced as well. Reflecting the phenomenon, our study assumed that physical structure of urban form were implicit in relation to both economic performance and cost. It can be interpreted that as the urban space has been growing bigger, economic performances such as regional product output, economy of scale and the effect of agglomeration economies are increased. On the contrary, the negative effects such as environmental pollution and traffic congestion were incurred as economic loss and expenses. It means that even though economic performance can help increase regional product output, we should consider the loss on economic expenses which are paid for social problems such as environmental pollution and traffic congestion, which are caused by urbanization. Therefore, this study aims to statistically validate the relationship between traffic congestion as the most representative economy costs and physical characteristics of urban in a large city such as Seoul and to suggest its implications. As a result of model development for empirical analysis, GRDP(0.604), the population(0.582), employment GINI coefficients(0.296), population GINI coefficients(0.254) in order led to congestion cost. We can come to the conclusion that in case of scale factor such as the population, if the population tends to concentrate, urban becomes more crowded and that if GINI coefficients (the population, employment) which are variable on inequality according to region have the disparity with surrounding areas, congestion cost is caused a lot on account of movement related with employment. In addition, this phenomenon was caused if both the population and employment were geographically biased on one side.