• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.36-45
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• 1984

This study was carried out to investigate the changes in ovary in repeatedly superovulated rabbits. A total of 57 New Zealand White and Californian, 25 mature virgin and 32 immature does were used in this study. For induction of repeated superovulation, PMSG and HCG were injected at 17-day and 30-day intervals for mature does and 17-day intervals for immature ones. The repeatedly superovulated does at 17-day intervals were induced luteolysis of pseudopregnant corpus luteum with PGF2${\alpha}$ on Day 8 to 9 p.c. The effect of repeated superovulation on reproductive organs was investigated on Day 3 p.c. in mature does and on Day 3 and 6 p.c. in immature ones, respectively. 1. In mature virgin does, the number of ovulation points in the 2nd and 3rd superovulation period averaged 7.0 and 5.0 at 17-day intervals and 13.4 and 6.0 at 30-day intervals, respectively. These numbers were statistically similar to 9.5 ovulation points in the control. However, there were less (p<0.05) ovulation points in those periods compared with 22.1 ovulation points in the 1st superovulation period. 2. In immature does, the number of ovulation points in the 2nd and 3rd superovulation period averaged 5.3 and 2.3, respectively. These numbers were significantly (p<0.05) decreased than 17.1 ovulation points in the 1st periods. The number of ovulation points in the 2nd superovulation period was similar to that in the control, but there was a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the number of ovulation points in the 3rd period as compared to the control. 3. In mature virgin does, the number of visible normal and hemorrhagic follicles (>1.0mm diameter) on day 3 p.c. averaged 19.1 and 8.9 in the 1st superovulation period, respectively. In the 2nd 3rd superovulation period, the number of normal follicles averaged 8.3 and 15.5 at 17-day intervals and 17.8 and 14.5 at 30-day intervals. The number of hemorrhagic follicles in the 2nd and 3rd superovulation period averaged 6.3 and 2.0 at 17-day intervals and 5.2 and 7.8 at 30-day intervals, respectively. There was a slight decrease, although not significant, in the number of normal and hemorrhagic follicles in the 2nd and 3rd period at 17-day intervals compared to that in the 1st period. 4. In immature does, the number of visible normal follicles on day 3 and day 6 p.c. in the 1st superovulation period averaged 27:3 and 26.1, respectively. The follicles on day 3 p.c. tended to increase slightly more than that in the cortrol, but the average number of normal follicles on day 6 p.c. did not differ from that in the control. The number of visible hemorrhagic follicles on day 3 and day 6 p.c. in the 1st of follicles in the 1st superovulation period average 10.2 and 9.9, respectively. There was a slight increase in the number of follicles in the 1st period compared to that in the control. In the 2nd and 3rd superovulation period, the number of normal follicles revealed a slight decrease in the 3rd period, but the number of hemorrhagic follicles was not different between periods. 5. The number of growing follicles with incipient intral formation on day 3 p.c. in mature does of the 1st superovulaton period average 29.7 and the average number of growing follicles in the 3rd period was 26.7 at 17-day intervals and 31.0 at 30-day intervals, respectively. These numbers did not differ from that in the control. In immature does, the number of growing follicles averaged 57.7, 45.0 and 59.3 in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd superovulation period, respectively. There was a slight but not significant decrease in the number of growing follicles in the 3rd period compared to that in the control.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.485-492
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• 2016

For reporting national greenhouse gas inventory in forest sector, the forest growing stock from the National Forest Inventory (NFI) system has used as activity data sources. The National Forest Inventory system was changed from rotation system by province to annual system by 5 years across the country. The forest growing stocks based on the new inventory system produced a different trend compared to the previous estimations. This study was implemented to recalculate previous forest growing stocks for time series consistency at a national level. The recalculation of forest growing stock was conducted in an overlap approach by the IPCC guideline. In order to support the more consistency data, we used calibration factors between applied stand volumes in 1985 and 2012, respectively. As a result, the time series of recalculated forest growing stock was to be consistency using the overlap approach and the calibration factor with the lower middle/middle site index. According to the applied overlap period, however, we will recalculate activity data using more complete data from national forest inventory system.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.61-69
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• 2001

A total of 120 pigs were used to investigate the effects of yucca extracts on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and excretion of growing pigs fed different levels of dietary protein. Pigs were allotted into $2{\times}3$ factorial design by the supplementation with yucca extract (YE, 0 and 120 mg/kg) and 3 levels of dietary protein (16, 18, 20%). During the whole experimental period (18 to 52 kg body weight), there were no significant differences in ADG, ADFI or F/G by YE addition or different protein levels among treatments (p>0.05). Overall, although addition of YE to the diet and elevation of protein level showed better ADG, there were no significant differences in growth performance among treatments. Pigs fed diets with YE showed significantly (p<0.05) higher dry matter (DM), crude ash (CA) and crude protein (CP) digestibility than did the others during the growing period. Concerning the levels of dietary protein, only the CP digestibility was significantly higher in pigs fed high protein diet. Pig fed the low protein diet without YE showed a significantly low CP digestibility (p<0.05). No significant differences were found in crude fat (CF), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) digestibilities regardless of YE supplementation or dietary protein levels. Pigs fed YE supplemented diets showed significantly (p<0.05) higher amino acid digestibility. Also, high CP level diets showed a higher amino acid digestibility than low CP diets (p<0.05). DM and N excretion did not show any significant differences among treatments, there was a slightly lower excretion with increase in dietary protein level. Supplementation with YE significantly decreased the DM and N excretion. Interaction (YE$\times$protein) was found in P excretion. Pigs fed a medium protein diet without YE showed the lowest P excretion during the growing period. The NH3-N content in the feces tended to be increased by the increased dietary protein levels and with YE supplementation. During the whole experimental period, the cost for YE supplementation was similar to value of the improvements of performance obtained. The cost of feeding high level protein was significantly higher than that of medium level protein by 10% and low level protein by 9% (p<0.05). It could be concluded that the effects of dietary protein level and yucca extract on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and excretion might play a role to some extent in growing pigs from the aspect of pollution control.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.370-374
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• 2005

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of direct-fed microbial supplementation on the growth performance and nutrient digestibility in pigs. In experiment 1, forty eight pigs were used in a 42-d growth assay. There were four pigs per pen and three pens per treatment. Dietary treatments included 1) NC (without antibiotic basal diet), 2) PC (NC diet+0.1% antibiotic, 100 g/kg chlortetracycline), 3) DFM-1 (NC diet+0.2% Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus salivarius complex) and 4) DFM-2 (NC diet+0.2% Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus plantarum and Yeast complex). For the overall period, no treatment had significant effects in growth performance. In the nutrition digestibility, the pigs fed DFM diets were improved in DM and N digestibility compared with the pigs fed NC and PC diets but it was not significantly different. In experiment 2, sixty four crossbred pigs were used in a 98-d growth assay. There were four pigs per pen and four pens per treatment. Dietary treatments included 1) HND (high nutrient diet), 2) LND (low nutrient diet), 3) HND+DFM (HND diet+0.2% Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus plantarum complex) and 4) LND+DFM (LND diet+0.2% Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus plantarum complex). For overall period of growing phase, the pigs fed LND diets had improved gain/feed (p=0.01) and for overall period in the finishing phase, the pigs fed LND with DFM diets had higher ADG, ADFI and gain/feed than the others but there were no significant differences (p>0.13). In total period of growing-finishing phase, the pigs fed LND diet had higher gain/feed than the pigs fed HND diets (p<0.05). In growing phase, there were not significant differences among the treatments means for DM and N digestibility. However, the pigs fed diets with DFM had improved N digestibility (p<0.02) compared to the pigs fed diets without DFM in finishing phase. In conclusion, DFM slightly improved the growth performance in growing-finishing pigs.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.24-31
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• 2018

기호성 잡곡작물로 주목 받고 있는 아마란스의 경북지역 내 재배가능성과 재배요인을 구명하기 위하여 파종기와 수확기를 달리하여 건물생산성과 수량을 조사하였다. 생육특성과 건물생산성은 생육기 온도가 가장 높았던 5월 10일 파종이 가장 높았던 반면 수량은 4월 10일 파종이 많았다. 파종기에 따라 경북지역 아마란스의 종실수량은 96~243kg의 범위를 보였다. 각 파종기별 적정 생육일수는 4월 10일 파종이 120일, 5월 10일과 6월 10일 파종은 110일일 때 수량이 가장 많았다. 생육기 평균기온(MT)과 수량(Y) 간에는 각각 $Y=-16.362MT^2+670.04MT-6639.1$ ($R^2=0.629$)의 2차 함수관계를 보이고 최적온도는 $20.6^{\circ}C$, 최적 생육일수는 파종기에 따라 104~119일로 추정되었다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.198-204
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• 2014

'신고'배에서 나타나는 과피얼룩과 발생을 경감하기 위하여 생육기 동안 몇 가지를 처리한 결과는 다음과 같다. 배과피얼룩 증상은 유과기(5월 25일)부터 발생하기 시작하여 수확 시까지 나타났으며 과육에는 전혀 발생하지 않았다. 과피얼룩과 발생은 수세가 정상적인 나무, 지베렐린 과경 도포 처리에서 현저하게 낮았으나, 아미노산 수체살포는 큰 차이가 없었다. 봉지에서는 칼슘이 코팅된 봉지 및 석회유황합제가 코팅된 봉지에서 과피얼룩과 발생이 낮았다. 봉지 내지에 석회유황합제 및 콩기름 도포는 과피얼룩이 아닌 약해를 유발시켰다. 과피얼룩 발생과의 수피 및 과피는 K 농도가 높았으나 엽에서는 T-N 및 K 농도는 오히려 낮았다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.528-535
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• 2005

부위간의 DPPH free radical scavenging 활성은 과육은 종자 보다 높았고 생육시기간에는 후기가 초기에 비하여 높았고, Xanthine oxidase 억제활성은 종자와 과육에 비하여 매우 높았고 동정된 항 산화물은 대부분이 지방산 및 페놀성 화합물로, 과육 및 종자가 성숙 될수록 1-eicosanol, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid 등의 지방산 및 benzonitrile의 함량이 증가되었다. 시료 채취 시기간의 POD활성은 과육은 성숙중기에 높았으나, 종자는 성숙이 경과될수록 낮았다. SOD 활성은 과육은 생육이 경과할수록 증가하였으나, 종자는 성숙할수록 낮아졌다. 고추종자 단백질은 western blot에 의하여 lunasin이 동정되었고, 개화 후 5주부터 lunasin 생합성 되었다. 고추 종자내의 100nM lunasin 펩타이드는 종양유발 유전자가 전이된 $2\~12$ 세포의 콜로니 형성을 억제시켰으며, 결과적으로 고추 종자내에는 암 예방적 특성을 갖는 lunasin peptide가 존재한다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.115-119
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• 2000

표고버섯은 담자균류 송이과에 속하는 식용 버섯으로, 영양 성분 및 약리적 효능이 높기 때문에 동양인에게 중요한 버섯이며, 점차로 생산량과 소비량이 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는, 고품질 표고버섯 생산시기의 기상자료를 분석하여 표고버섯의 품질에 영향을 주는 생육 환경요인을 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 1997~1998년 국내 고품질 표고버섯이 생산되는 지역중 3지역(부여, 원주, 장흥)을 선정하였다. 표고버섯의 다량 발생시기 20일 기준으로 기상분석시기 15일을 선정하였다. 환경요인으로는 발생시기의 일 온도차, 일습도차, 일평균온도, 일 평균습도 및 풍속을 분석하였다. 발생기간중의 일 평균온도는 버섯 발생 온도 하한치인 $7^{\circ}C$ 이하에서 적정온도 $20^{\circ}C$까지의 변화를 보였고, 일 온도차는 주간에는 $7~20^{\circ}C$, 야간에 $0~-2^{\circ}C$의 범위를 나타냈다. 일평균습도 50~70%으로 강우에 따라서 변화 폭이 컸으며, 일습도차는 40~60%의 차를 나타냈다. 풍속은 1~4m.$s^{-1}$이었다 .따라서 화고, 동고의 생육환경은 일반적인 표고버섯의 적정 생육 조건과는 큰 차이를 보였다. 생육기간동안의 일 온도차, 일습도차, 저 습도, 풍속 등의 환경 조건은 고품질 표고버섯 발생의 요인의 하나라고 추정된다. 이 연구결과는 버섯의 시설재배시 고품질 표고버섯 생산을 위한 환경조절기술로 적용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.164-169
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• 1997

The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of feed processing and feeding methods on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs. A total of 72 pigs (LYD, 22.24 kg BW) were employed for a 90-d feeding trial. Treatments were 1) mash dry feeding (MD), 2) mash wet feeding (MW), 3) pellet dry feeding (PD), and 4) extruded pellet dry feeding (EPD). Corn, soybean meal and wheat bran in the basal diets were extruded before mixing and pelleting for EPD diet production. Ileal or fecal digestibility and carcass traits including lean meat percentage and weights of stomach ulcer were also examined. During the growing period, pigs fed PD showed improved (p < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion (F/G) over those fed MD, whereas no significant differences in average daily feed intake (ADFI) were found among dietary treatments. Finisher pigs fed MD showed lover, but not significant, ADG and F/G than those fed MW, PD or EPD. For the overall period, pigs fed PD grew faster (p < 0.05) than those fed MD or EPD. Feed intake was different between the two feeding methods (MD vs MW), and between the two processed feeds (PD vs EPD). The digestibility of crude fat was higher (p < 0.05) in pigs fed EPD than in pigs fed mash feeds. NFE digestibility of EPD treatment was also higher (p < 0.05) than that of PD. Back fat (10th rib area) was thicker (p < 0.05) tn pigs fed MD than in pigs fed EPD. other carcass traits including incidence of esophagogastric ulcers were not different among treatments. In conclusion, pelleting appeared to bo the desirable processing methods and wet feeding could also be recommended for growing-finishing pigs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.666-672
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• 2000

Two experiments were conducted to determine the ileal digestibility of the amino acids contained in sunflower meal using the regression technique and then applying the values obtained, in a growth trial, using growing-finishing pigs. For the digestibility trial, four 20 kg crossbred ($Yorkshire{\times}Landrace{\times}Beijing$ Black) barrows were fitted with simple Tcannula in the terminal ileum. After recovery, the barrows were fed one of four experimental diets according to a $4{\times}4$ Latin Square design. The pigs were fed corn-soybean meal based diets supplemented with 0, 25, 50 or 75% sunflower meal. For the growth trial, 80 crossbred ($Yorkshire{\times}Landrace{\times}Beijing$ Black) growing pigs (21.5 kg) were fed corn-soybean meal diets supplemented with 0, 5, 10 or 15% sunflower meal. Five pens (2 gilts and 2 castrates) were assigned to each treatment. With the exception of arginine and valine, the digestibility coefficients for the indispensible amino acids declined as the level of sunflower meal in the diet increased. During both the growing (21.5-49.1 kg) and finishing (49.1-90.3 kg) periods and over the entire experiment (21.5-90.3 kg), average daily gain declined in a linear manner (p<0.05) with increasing amounts of sunflower meal. Feed intake was not significantly altered while feed conversion declined in a linear manner (p<0.05) during the grower period only. When the entire experimental period was taken into account, there would appear to be little penalty in either growth or feed conversion for including sunflower meal at levels up to 10% of the diet. Therefore, the price relationship between sunflower meal and other high-protein feedstuffs may provide an excellant opportunity for pork producers to use sunflower meal in order to reduce feed costs.