• 농업과학연구
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.149-160
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• 2004

This study had carried out an analysis of leaf tobacco production cost by cost items, growing stages, and farm sizes per 10a to provide the basic data for determination of the purchasing price of leaf tobacco by KT&G. Considering the survey results of 12 tobacco farm households, the composition rates of production cost by items revealed as 7-10% for land service, 5-22% for depreciation, 13-25% for material costs, 50-65% for labour cost respectively. The production cost of leaf tobacco by growing stages were shown as 15.3% in nursery bed period, 32.3% in main growing period in field, 30.8% in harvesting period and 21.6% in packing period. The magnitude of wage expenditure was appeared as harvesting stage, packing stage, growing stage on main field and nursery bed stage in order. The amount of material costs were revealed as the growing stage in main field, harvesting stage, nursery bed stage and packing stage respectively. The production costs of leaf tobacco per 10a by farm sizes were shown as 1,615,879won for small farm, 1,446,896won for medium farm and 1,454,408won for large farm respectively. The production cost of leaf tobacco had shown decreasing tendency according to increasing farm sizes. To promote the international market competitiveness of leaf tobacco producing farms, labour saving production technologies and cost effective farm size to decrease tobacco production cost should be developed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.357-363
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• 1992

The experiment was carried out to estimate the energy and protein requirements of Khaki Campbell $\times$ Thai Native growing ducks. The growing stage was divided into 2: the first was a starting stage from 0 to 4 weeks of age and the second was a growing stage from 4 to 18 weeks of age. In the starting stage, the birds were given diets containing 2.70, 2.75, 2.80, 2.85 and 2.90 Mcal ME/kg and ME/protein ratio of 150/l for the energy requirement trial, and diets containing 17.0%, 18.5%, 20.0% and 21.5% protein and 2.8 Mcal ME/kg for the protein requirement trial. It was found that there were no significant differences in body weight gain of feed efficiency among the energy or protein levels. In the growing stage, no significant differences in body weight gain or feed efficiency were found among the energy levels from 2.70 to 2.90 Mcal ME, or protein levels from 15.5% to 20.0%. The age at first lay was 105-117 days and this is earlier than that observed in purebred Khaki Campbell ducks. The feed cost for raising ducks was lower in the low energy and low protein diets. In conclusion, Khaki Campbell $\times$ Thai native ducks can be raised with a diet low in ME as 2.7 Mcal/kg during the whole growing period. As for the protein. 7.0% in the starting stage and 15.5% in the growing stage is practical.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2015

The gonadosomatic index (GSI), gonadal development and changes in hormones in plasma level of the indoor cultured grunt (Hapalogenys nitens) were investigated by histological study from August 2011 to October 2012. The GSI showed similar trends with gonad developmental stages during the culture periods. Changes in plasma level of estradiol-$17{\beta}$ of female H. nitens reached the highest value before the spawning period, and seasonal changes in plasma level of estradiol-$17{\beta}$ were similar in trends of oocyte developments and GSI changes. Testosterone levels of male H. nitens reached the highest value before and after the spent stage. Ovarian developmental stages of H. nitens could be classified into early growing stage, late growing stage, mature stage, ripe and spawning stage, recovery and resting stage. The testicular developmental stages could be divided into growing stage, mature stage, ripe and spent stage, and recovery and resting stage.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 1998년도 학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.1-7
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• 1998

To investigate the water balance in a paddy rice field with the pumping station for irrigation water supply, flow measurements and analysis on various components of water balance were carried out. The investigated area is 103.7 ha, and the irrigation water was supplied for 102 days during the total irrigation period starting from June 1. It was found that the consumption rate was increased as the growing stage was progressed. The variation of evapotranspiration rate was shown same tendency as the consumption rate, while no apparent tendency was found in infiltration rate upon different growing stages. And the ground water input to the area was predominant during the early stage of growing period, while ground water output from the study area was predominant at the end of the growing stage. The range of return flow rate, the ratio of total outflow to total inflow in every decad, was 57.6 to 85.7%. These values are slightly higher than reported values from the other investigation projects.

• 물과 미래
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.17-29
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• 1972

The persent study aims at finding out a means of prevention cool spell damages on the hilly areas. The irrigation plots of 24 hour stored water warm water way and warm water plots, cool water way are respectively established to find out water temperature and influnce on the growing rice plants. The results obtained are summed up as follows. 1. Warm water areas consisted of $5 m^2 Q=0.93 1{\ell}/sec$, V=31 cm/sec, S=1/1, 000, L=81.6m, B=5cm, h=6cm, t=4min 33sec, drops=9 areas, are constructed to help the water temperature of $14.5^{\circ}C$ rise to that of $21.6^{\circ}C$. This indicates lower temperature than $23^{\circ}C$ of critical water temperature in irrigation facilities by $1.45^{\circ}C$ and than $26.2^{\circ}C$ of balanced water temperature of Seoul arears by $4.6^{\circ}C$. But this does not give much influance on rice plant cultivation. 2. The rising of water temperature is influened according to the temperature, solar radiation but the water temperature changes according to the heat absorption of organized materials, weather and terraces. The difference of water temperature could be found in the first growing stage. 3. Through the warm water way of water rises to the temperature of $21.6^{\circ}C$ which also rises to the temperature of around $30^{\circ}C$ in the paddy field of submerged irrigation. The rice plants are comparatively free from prolonged cool damage, reproduction abstructive damage. 4. The water temperature in rice field in proportion to temperature influence of weather condition but the water temperature approaches to that of weather in the days of later growing stage and water temperature become lower than the air temperature in the fruit stage. 5. The water in the submreged field is $10^{\circ}C$ warmer than in the warm water way during the first growing stage period but the water temperature in the warm water way is warmer in the later growing stage period. The cool water of $14.5^{\circ}C$ is warmed to $30.1^{\circ}C$ and rice plants cultivation is free from other damages. 6. The 12% increased production or 570.98kg/10a is made cool water plot by rising the temperature of water from $14.5^{\circ}C$ to $21.6^{\circ}C$ making the water run through warm water way. 7. The damage inflicted by the cool water irrigation during the first growing stage period is the obstruction of peak tillering stage and the obstruction of heading the later growing stage period and the obstruction of fruiting and number of panides per fill.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.257-266
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• 1994

Three protein feeding systems for egg-type pullets involving conventional step-down protein 18-15-12%), step-up protein(12-15-18%) and single-stage low protein (13-13-13%) with an iso-energy level of 2,900 ME kcal /kg were compared to examine the effect on pullet growth and subsequent laying performance. During the growing period, pullets subjected to the step-up and single-stage low protein feeding systems were lighter in body weight and consumed less feed and netabolizable energy than those on the conventional step-down protein feeding system(P<0.05). 3ut the pullets on the step-up protein diet consumed more protein, and those on the single-stage low protein diet consumed less protein than those on the step-down protein diet(P<0.05). Also, he feed cost was less in pullets on the single-stage low protein diet than in those on the other systems(P<0.05). During the laying period, sexual maturity was later in hens reared on the step-up and single-stage low protein diets than in those on the step-down protein diet(P<0.05), however, average hen-day egg production and egg weight were not significantly affected by the protein feeding systems in the growing period. Daily feed intake and feed required per egg were significantly reduced in hens on the single-stage low protein diet compared to those on conventional protein feeding system(P<0.05). It was concluded that the 13% single-stage low protein feeding system produced smaller pullets with less feed, energy, protein, and feed cost during the growing period, and hens reared on that system consumed less feed during the laying period without any impairment of production compared to the conventional rearing system.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.1-15
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• 1993

The reproductive ecology of the purple shell, Rapana venosa was investigated by the histological observations on depositions of the egg capsules, and hatching of larvae in the laboratory and the subtidal zone of the vicinity of piung-do, Chollabud-do, west coast of korea, for one year from June 1992 to May 1993. The results are summarized as follows:1. Rapana venosa is dioecious in sex. The ovary is composed of a number of ovarian lobules, and the testis comprises a number of ovarian lobules, and the testis comprises of gonads could be classified into 4 stages in males and 5 stages in females: 1) growing stage(in female subdivided into 2 stages of early and late growing stage). 2)mature stage. 3)spent stage or copulationstage. 4)rdcovering stage. The early growing stage in females of the purple shell was in September through February, late gorwing stage was in October to March, mature stage was in September to January, mature stage was in September to July, copulation stage was in Februaty to June and recovering stage in April to October.3. Spawning occurred 3-4 times at intervals of 1-3 days, and completed within 10 days from the beginning of spawning during the spawning season of the year.4. From the results of laboratory and field observations, egg masses are composed of a number of egg capsules, egg masses are occurred from May to late August, and in mid August depositions of egg mass in composed of 90-113 egg capsules, fecundity in an egg capsule was ranged 984 to 1,241 eggs(average 1,096 egg). Therefore, fecundity in total egg capsules spawned per individual during the spawning season is estimated as approximately 320,000 to 450,000 egges.5. The incubation period during deposition of an egg capsule to hatching larvad tood 17 days at 18.3-20.4%C(water temperature)and 1.021 (specific gravity fo sea water).

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.59-67
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• 1993

본 연구는 토양에 처리한 Heptachlor (0.1ppm)와 Heptachlor epoxide (0.1ppm)가 Hop와 한삼덩굴에 미치는 약해의 특성을 알아보기 위하여, 토양과 식물체 내의 약제의 잔류량, 생육시기에 따른 약해의 경향, 광합성능, 그리고 chlorophyll 함량에 대한 조사를 수행하였다. 실험 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. Heptachlor와 Heptachlor epoxide 0.1ppm 처리구에서 Hop의 생육조사 결과 Heptachlor 0.1ppm 처리구에서는 2차시기부터 지하부에서 심한 약해를 유발하였으며, 3차시기에서는 지상부, 지하부 공히 심한 생육 저해를 받았다. Heptachlor epoxide 0.1ppm 처리구에서는 2차시기부터 지상부, 지하부 모두 약해가 유발되었으며, 3차시기부터는 생육저해가 지속되었다. 공시약제간에는 Heptachlor epoxide 처리구가 Heptachlor 처리구에 비하여 지하부와 지상부 공히 심한 약해를 나타내었다. 2. Hop 및 한삼덩굴에서 Heptachlor 및 Heptachlor epoxide의 잔류량은 뿌리 > 줄기 > 잎의 순서이었으며, 공시식물의 각 생육시기별 잔류량도 뿌리 > 줄기 > 잎의 순서이었다. 공시식물의 각 생육시기별 잔류량은 2차시기에 가장 많았다. 공시약제 간에는 Heptachlor에 비하여 Heptachlor epoxide의 잔류량이 많았으며 공시식물간에는 2차시기 이후에 Hop보다 한삼당굴에서 더 많은 잔류를 보였지만 약해의 양상은 Hop에서 심하게 나타났다. 3. 광합성능에서 Hop는 heptachlor 처리구에서 2차시기부터 저해가 나타났으며, Heptachlor epoxide처리구의 경우 1차 및 2차시기에서도 광합성능이 저조했으며, 3차시기에서는 심한 저해를 나타냈다. 그러나 한삼덩굴의 경우 공시약제간, 생육시기별 광합성능의 저해는 거의 나타나지 않았다. 4. Cholorophyll의 함량에 있어서는 Hop의 경우, 공시약제 처리구에서 생육실험이나 광합성능에서 처럼 현저한 차이는 없었고, 생육시기별 Chlorophyll의 함량에서도 대조구에 비하여 큰 차이는 없었다. 한삼덩굴의 경우, 공시약제간 Chlorophyll함량의 감소는 큰 차이가 없었으며 생육시기별로도 같은 경향이었다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.215-225
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• 2004

A multistage hierarchical clustering technique, which is an unsupervised technique, was suggested in this paper for classifying large remotely-sensed imagery. The multistage algorithm consists of two stages. The 'local' segmentor of the first stage performs region-growing segmentation by employing the hierarchical clustering procedure of CN-chain with the restriction that pixels in a cluster must be spatially contiguous. The 'global' segmentor of the second stage, which has not spatial constraints for merging, clusters the segments resulting from the previous stage, using the conventional agglomerative approach. Using simulation data, the proposed method was compared with another hierarchical clustering technique based on 'mutual closest neighbor.' The experimental results show that the new approach proposed in this study considerably increases in computational efficiency for larger images with a low number of bands. The technique was then applied to classify the land-cover types using the remotely-sensed data acquired from the Korean peninsula.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.759-763
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• 1994

약성(藥性)을 갖고 여러가지 질병에 유익한 메밀을 채소로 식용하고자 무기성분과 rutin의 함량을 개량종 9품종에서 각각 측정하였다. 9품종의 종실에 대한 일반 성분은 조단백 함량이 $16.2{\sim}20.4%$, 조지방은 $2.2{\sim}2.9%$이었다. 회분 함량은 $2.4{\sim}43%$로 재래종 $(2.4{\sim}2.6%)$에 비해 우수하였으며, 섬유소는 재래종에 비해 $2{\sim}3%$ 낮으며 전체적으로 당질의 함량이 다소 낮았다. 개량중 중 수원 11호와 5호가 각각 0.12%, 0.11%로 높은 rutin 함량을 보였다. 무기물은 회분에 대하여 10% HCI 불용물이 $0.5{\sim}55.32%$ 였으며 K, Ca, Mg 및 Fe 순으로 함유되어 재래종에 비해 우수하였다. 메밀채소의 일반성분은 높은 단백질 함량을 보였으며 수원 10, 11호가 가장 높은 단백질 함량을 보였다. 메밀 채소증 rutin 함량은 $0.20{\sim}0.40%$로 수원 5호가 가장높은 0.40% 함량을 보였다. 메밀함량이 높은 수원 5호의 성장과정중의 rutin함량의 변화는 떡잎시 0.40%, 본잎 $4{\sim}5$장시 1.10%였다. 또한 무기성분의 변화는 10% HCI 불용물이 성장초인 떡잎시 69.8%인 반면 완전 성장시기인 개화시 4.68%였다. Fe와 Ca는 채소성장과 더불어 증가되었다.