• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.121-130
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• 1993

Mandibular rest position is very essential position because in that position, masticatory muscularture can be reciprocally coordinative and unstrained. So obtaining a good ability to establish and maintain rest position in non-functioning state is mandatory for treatment of patient with craniomandibular disorders. In general, many types of mandibulr movement exercise start from rest position and use the sense of muscle relearning, that is, muscle smoothness and relaxation, throughout the exercise period. In this study, 44 normal subjects for control group and 37 patients with craniomandibular disorders for experimental group participated and they were classified into 3 subgroups, respectively. One method to guide mandibular rest position was used for one subgroup, so theree methods were used for this study, 1)self-guided rest position without any education, 2) guided by Rocabado's tongue rest position, 3) guided through swallowing after Dawson's centric relation. To record electromyographic activity, Bioelectric processor EM2 (Myotronics, U.S.A.) was used. The numbers of sessions from start to stable resting electromyographic level and muscle activities in stable state were recorded and two recordings which were first and second, 3 days after first recording, were done, The data were processed with SPSS/PC+package. The obtained results were as follows : 1. Mean number of sessions in second recording were fewer than those in first recording in both groups. In comparison among 3 subgroups, mean number of sessions of subgroup guided through Dawson's method were fewer than those of other groups though it is not statistically significant. 2. There was a difference of mean number of sessions between control and experimental group in first recording, but in second recording there was no difference in any cases. 3. Mean value of muscle activity were generally not different without regard to group and method if once come to stable resting position level. Mean value of muscle activity of guided subgroups showed a tendency of decreasing in second recording than in first recording. However, in self-guided subgroup there was a inconsistent pattern. 4. The amounts of change in session number from first to second recording in control group were fewer than those in experimental group.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of position change on discomfort and bleeding in patients undergone coronary angiography with a vascular device and required bed-rest. Method: This study utilized nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. Data were collected from 118 inpatients after coronary angiography and stayed in general ward at Y hospital in Seoul, from June 5 to August 12, 2008. After coronary angiography, position change was performed to the experimental group who consisted of 59 patients. They stayed in supine position just after angiography and then head-up position with 15 degrees was applied 1 hour later. After that, they could change the position alternatively into lateral position with leg down and supine position. The control group was positioned keeping the affected leg immobile with supine position for 4 hours. Results: The experimental group reported significantly more comfortable than control group after position change. There were no significant differences in the grades of bleeding or hematoma at puncture site between the two groups. Conclusion: The position change in patients undergone angiography could be applied without any harm such as bleeding or hematoma, but effective in reducing back pain and subjective patients' discomforts.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.317-327
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association between low tongue position (LTP) and the volume and dimensions of the nasopharyngeal, retropalatal, retroglossal, and hypopharyngeal segments of the upper airway. Methods: A total of 194 subjects, including 91 males and 103 females were divided into a resting tongue position (RTP) group and a LTP group according to their tongue position. Subjects in the LTP group were divided into four subgroups (Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4) according to the intraoral space volume. The 3D slicer software was used to measure the volume and minimum and average cross-sectional areas of each group. Airway differences between the RTP and LTP groups were analyzed to explore the association between tongue position and the upper airway. Results: No significant differences were found in the airway dimensions between the RTP and LTP groups. For both retropalatal and retroglossal segments, the volume and average cross-sectional area were significantly greater in the patients with extremely low tongue position. Regression analysis showed that the retroglossal airway dimensions were positively correlated with the intraoral space volume and negatively correlated with A point-nasion-B point and palatal plane to mandibular plane. Males generally had larger retroglossal and hypopharyngeal airways than females. Conclusions: Tongue position did not significantly influence upper airway volume or dimensions, except in the extremely LTP subgroup.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.318-328
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• 2012

Objective: To assess the position and movements of the hyoid bone during deglutition in patients with open bite. Methods: Thirty-six subjects were divided into 2 groups according to the presence of anterior open bite. The open bite group (OBG) and control group each comprised 18 patients with a mean overbite of $-4.9{\pm}1.9$ mm and $1.9{\pm}0.7$ mm. The position of the hyoid bone during the 4 stages of deglutition was evaluated by measuring vertical and horizontal movement of the bone. Results: Interactions of group and stage showed no significant effect on the measurements (p > 0.05). However, when group and stage were evaluated individually, they showed significant effects on the measurements (p < 0.001). In OBG, the hyoid bone was more inferiorly and posteriorly positioned, and this position continued during the deglutition stages. Conclusions: The hyoid bone reaches the maximum anterior position at the oral stage and maximum superior position at the pharyngeal stage during deglutition. Open bite does not change the displacement pattern of the bone during deglutition. The hyoid bone is positioned more inferiorly and posteriorly in patients with open bite because of released tension on the suprahyoid muscles.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.2345-2353
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• 2021

Background: This study evaluated the effectiveness of upper thoracic manipulation (UTM) and proprioceptive training versus proprioceptive training alone on forward head posture (FHP) and cervicocephalic joint position sense (CJPS) in asymptomatic university students during a short interval of time. Objectives: To evaluate whether the suggested combination would provide greater benefit, and be superior to proprioceptive training alone in improving proprioceptive acuity and head posture. Design: A single-blind randomized controlled trial. Methods: Thirty-three university student volunteers with asymptomatic FHP were recruited. Subjects were randomly assigned to a manipulation group (n=16) receiving UTM combined with proprioceptive training or a proprioception group (n=17) receiving proprioceptive training only. The intervention period lasted 5 weeks in total, and consisted of one 15 to 20-minute session per week. FHP and CJPS were assessed before and after the intervention. Results: A significant pre- to post-intervention decrease in FHP and joint position error was identified in both groups (P<.05). Subjects in the manipulation group demonstrated greater improvements in CJPS and head posture compared to the proprioception group (P<.05). Conclusion: These findings support employing either intervention for treating asymptomatic students with FHP. However, the addition of UTM to proprioceptive training was more effective than proprioceptive training alone in reducing joint position errors and improving head posture.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 2011

Purpose : This study is equivalence experiment performed to test practice effects between experimental group from both left and right direction of mannequin and control group having practice from only right direction in cardiopulmonary resuscitation education. Methods : Subject of the research were total 71 elementary and middle school teachers in J province who had not experience to have cardiopulmonary resuscitation. They were divided into experimental group of 35 participants who practiced cardiopulmonary resuscitation from both right and left direction of mannequin on Dec. 27, 2009 and control group of 36 participants who performed cardiopulmonary resuscitation from only right direction of mannequin on Dec. 28, 2009. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS/PC+(version 14.0). Results : 1. There was no statistically significant difference by sex among general characteristics of the subjects. 2. According to the quality of chest compression performed from the right direction of mannequin, experimental group showed better results in proper depth (time), insufficient depth (time), too lowered compression position (time) and inexact position (time) than control group(p<.05). In the quality of chest compression from the left side of mannequin, experimental group performed better results in proper depth (time), insufficient depth (time), inexact compression position (time) and mean chest compression depth(mm) than control group(p<.05) and also in more left-centered compression position (time) than control group(p<.001). 3. The quality of chest compression by experimental group, the right side of mannequin was superior in proper depth (time) to the left side of mannequin (p<.001) and showed better results in insufficient depth (time) and chest compression/recoil rate (p<.05). According to the quality of chest compression by control group, the right side of mannequin showed superior results in proper depth (time), insufficient depth (time), too left-centered compression position (time) and mean chest compression depth (mm) (p<.05) to the left side of mannequin. Conclusion : The group having practice from both right and left sides of mannequin was superior in the quality of chest compression to the group having practice from only right side of mannequin. How to practice cardiopulmonary resuscitation from both right and left sides of mannequin can be recommended and practice from left side of mannequin is also useful.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 1989

66 patients with temporomandibular disorders were selected for experimental group, and 45 normal subjects who were Dental students were selected for control group. Average age of experimental group was 30.5 years, Male to Female ratio was 2 : 3, and their age distribution were teen-ages to seventh decades. Transcranial radiography (TR) with Denar Accurad 100 was used for each group to get the values of width in joint spaces and to investigate the bony changes of articular surfaces and relative condylar position to articular fossa. In addition to TR, clinical interview and routine charting about amount of mandibular movements and occlusal variations were carried out in experimental group. The obtained results were as follows : 1. The mean values of joint space with in control group were 2.15mm to anterior, 2.98mm to superior and 2.29mm to posterior and the value of relative condylar position to the deepest portion of articular fossa was 0.21mm to anterior. In experimental group, those values were 2.01mm, 2.14mm 2.22mm and 0.12mm to posterior in sequence, respectively. Joint spaces in experimental group, therefore, were inclined to decreased, and relative condylar position was inclined to retrude. Joint space in control group showed symmetric condylar position, but in experimental group showed asymmetry. 2. Non-affected joints with no bony changes in experimental group showed the narrowest joint spaces which were thought to manifest the abnormal stress to non-affected side to dysfunctional state of contralateral affected joints. 3. Amount of mandibular movements in experimental group were within normal values in lateral movements and in protrusive movement but in opening movement with or without passive stretch, those were lower than normal values. Frequency of occlusal variation, for example, protrusive posterior contacts, open bite, median line shift to lateral side were inclined to increase with bony changes and with crepitus.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 2002

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the high school-girls' trait-state anger, personal relationship position in class and bullying behaviors, and to develope the nursing intervention to prevent the damages of young people's mind according to the bullying conditions. Method : The objects of this study chose from the girls high schools in 'D' city and 233 students answered the questions. The data were collected from June. 11 to 20. 2001. The major instruments used for this study were Trait Anger-State Anger Scale(Chon, 1995) to inquire the level of anger and Bullying Behaviors Scale(Kim, 2000) and personal relationship position in class. Statistical analysis for the research included descriptive statistics, t-test and correlational analysis, and for the analysis of data the SPSS program was used. Result : The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1) Total participant's trait anger had a positive correlation with state anger and bullying behaviors. Also, state anger was positively correlated to bullying behaviors. 2) The participants in the classes with perceived bullying phenomenon showed higher score of trait anger and bullying behaviors than those in the classes with non-perceived bullying phenomenon. 3) According to personal relationship position of the class, central group of the classes with perceived bullying phenomenon showed higher score of trait anger and bullying behaviors than those of the classes with non-perceived bullying phenomenon. 4) Also, central group of the classes with perceived bullying phenomenon showed higher score of bullying behaviors than peripheral group in the same classes. 5) The peripheral group of the classes with perceived bullying phenomenon showed higher score of bullying behaviors than those of the classes with non-perceived bullying phenomenon. 6) Central group's trait anger of the classes with perceived bullying phenomenon had a positive correlation to state anger and bullying behaviors. Also, central group's state anger was positively correlated to bullying behaviors. conclusion : In conclusion, the level of trait anger and state anger in high school girls affected to occur the bullying behaviors in students and especially, the trait anger in central group students was primary factor for the effect.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 1992

Transcranial radiograph is widely used in the diagnosis of craniomandibular disorder because it can be used by the dentist with relative ease in spite of image distortion. But correct information can be obtained only when one know the image change by projection angulation. The author compared the condyle position in the 3 groups of transcranial radiographs (horizontal angulation - 0°, 5°, individualized) with that in the individualized corrected lateral tomogram by objective and subjective evaluation methods. The results were as follows: 1. Among 3 transcranial groups, the condyle position in individualized group showed the highest concordance rate with that in the tomogram group in objective and subjective evaluation methods. 2. Correlation coefficient between individualized transcranial group and tomogram group in objective evaluation method was highest (P≤0.01). 3. Image clarity in individualized transcranial group was worse than that of the other two transcranial groups.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.53-61
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• 1998

The absorptions of ultraviolet rays of benzophenone derivatives were investigated in terms of the position of substituent, especially hydroxyl group. When the derivatives were added to the aqueous solution of Rhodamin B, which has very low light-fastness, all of them delayed the photofading of Rhodamin B solution. But on the fabrics, only the derivatives with the hydroxyl group at 2-position showed the good ability of ultraviolet rays absorption. The benzophenone derivatives absorb ultraviolet rays to form a hydrogen bond between hydroxyl group and carbonyl group, and return to their original structure by releasing heat energy. In solution, the derivatives can form a intermolecular hydrogen bond, and absorb the ultraviolet rays. But on the fabric, the intermolecular hydrogen bond is impossible, only hydroxyl group of 2-position forms a intramolecular hydrogen bond, and that makes the derivatives on the fabric absorb ultraviolet rays.