• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.24
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• pp.10879-10882
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• 2015

Objective: To investigate the effect of intraoperative glucose fluctuation and postoperative interlukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), C-reactive protein (CRP) levels on the short-term prognosis of patients with intracranial supratentorial neoplasms. Materials and Methods: Eighty-six patients undergoing intracranial excision were selected in The Second Hospital of Jilin University. According to the condition of glucose fluctuation, the patients were divided into group A (glucose fluctuation <2.2 mmol/L, n=57) and group B (glucose fluctuation ${\geq}2.2mmol/L$, n=29). Glucose was assessed by drawing 2 mL blood from internal jugular vein in two groups in the following time points, namely fasting blood glucose 1 d before operation ($T_0$), 5 min after anesthesia induction ($T_1$), intraoperative peak glucose ($T_2$), intraoperative lowest glucose ($T_3$), 5 min after closing the skull ($T_4$), immediately after returning to intensive care unit (ICU) ($T_5$) and 2 h after returning to ICU ($T_6$). 1 d before operation and 1, 3 and 6 d after operation, serum IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ levels were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and CRP level with immunoturbidimetry. Additionally, postoperative adverse reactions were monitored. Results: There was no statistical significance between two groups regarding the operation time, anesthesia time, amount of intraoperative bleeding and blood transfusion (P>0.05). The glucose levels in both groups at $T_1{\sim}T_6$ went up conspicuously compared with that at $T_0$ (P<0.01), and those in group B at $T_2$, $T_4$, $T_5$ and $T_6$ were significantly higher than in group A (P<0.01). Serum IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$ and CRP levels in both groups 1, 3 and 6 d after operation increased markedly compared with 1 d before operation (P<0.01), but the increased range in group A was notably lower than in group B (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Postoperative incidences of hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia and myocardial ischemia in group A were significantly lower than in group B (P<0.05), and respiratory support time obviously shorter than in group B (P<0.01). Conclusions: The glucose fluctuation of patients undergoing intracranial excision is related to postoperative IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$ and CRP levels and those with small range of glucose fluctuation have better prognosis.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.457-474
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• 2003

The ultimate objective of periodontal treatment is to get rid of an on-going periodontal disease and further regenerate the supporting tissue, which is already destroyed, functionally. Currently, the bone grafting operation using various kinds of bone grafting materials and the operation for induced regeneration of periodontal tissue using the blocking membrane are performed for regeneration of the destroyed periodontal tissue. However, there are respective limitations Galenical preparations, which are used for regeneration of periodontal of tissue, has less risk of rejective reaction or toxicity that may be incidental to degradation and their effect is sustainable. Thus, in case they are applicable to a clinic, they can he used economically. Chitosan has such compatibility, biological actions including antibacterial activity, acceleration of wound treatment, etc., and excellent mechanical characteristics, which has recently aroused more interest in it. Also, it has been reported that it promotes osteogenesis directly or indirectly by functioning as a matrix to promote migration and differentiation of a specific precussor cell (for example, osteoblast) and further inhibiting the function of such a cell as fibroblast to prevent osteogenesis. In this study, the pure chitosan solution, which was obtained by purifying chitosan, was used. However, since this chitosan is of a liquiform, it is difficult to sustain it in a defective region. It is, therefore, essential to use a carrier for delivering chitosan to, and sustaining it gradually in the defective region. In the calvarial defect model of the Sprague-Dawley rat, it is relatively easy to maintain a space. Therefore, in this study, the chitosan solution with which ACS was wetted was grafted onto the defective region, For an experimental model, a calvarial defect of rat m s selected, and a critical size of the defective region was a circular defect with a diameter of 8 mm. A group in which no treatment was conducted for the calvarial defect was set as a negative control group. Another group in which treatment was conducted with ACS only was set as a positive control group (ACS group). And another group in which treatment was conducted was conducted with by grafting the pure chitosan solution onto the defective region through ACS which was wetted with the chitosan solution was set an experimental group (Chitosan/ACS group). Chitosan was applied to the Sprague-Dawley rat's calvarial bone by applying ACS which was wetted with the chitosan solution, and each Sprague-Dawley rat was sacrificed respectively 2 weeks and 8 weeks after the operation for such application. Then, the treatment results were compared and observed histologically and his tometrically. Thereby, the following conclusions were obtained. 1. In the experimental group, a pattern was shown that from 2 weeks after the operation, vascular proliferation proceeded and osteogenesis proceeded through osteoblast infiltration, and at 8 week after the operation, ACS was almost absorbed, the amount of osteogensis was increased and many osteoid tissue layers were observed. 2. At 2 weeks after the operation, each amount of osteogenesis appeared to be 8.70.8 %, 13.62.3 % and 4.80.7 % respectively in the experimental group, the positive control group and the negative control group. Accordingly, it appeared to be higher in the Experimental group and the positive control group than in the negative control group, but there was no significant difference statistically (p<0.01). 3. At 8 weeks after the operation, each amount of osteogenesis appeared to be 62.26.1%, 17.42.5 % and 8.21.4 % respectively in the experimental group, the positive control group and the negative control group. Accordingly, it appeared to be substantially higher in the experimental group than in the positive control group and the negative control group, and there was a significant difference statistically (p<0.01). As a result of conducting the experiment, when ACS was used as a carrier for chitosan, chitosan showed effective osteogenesis in the perforated defective region of the Sprague-Dawley rat's calvarial bone.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 1992

The alterations in serum and urine potassium were studied in twenty two patients who underwent open heart surgery using extracorporeal circulation from June 1990 to August 1990 at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Kei-myung University. There were fifteen cases congenital heart disease and seven acquired heart disease. The serum and urine potassium levels were measured pre-, intra- and postoperatively until seventh postoperative day using ionic selective electrode measuring method. After general anesthesia, the serum potassium level decreased significantly but slowly increased during.cardiopulmonary bypass and returned preoperative level after operation. The urine potassium level decreased slowly from general anesthesia to cardiopulmonary bypass weaning but returned preoperative level following operation. During cardiopulmonary bypass, serum and urine potassium levels in diuretic group were lower than that of non diuretic group. There was no remarkable difference in the serum potassium level between single RA cannulation group and bicaval cannulation group preoperatively, but the serum potassium level in single RA cannulation group was much higher than that of bicaval cannulation group. There was no significant difference in the urine potassium level between single RA can-nulation group and bicaval cannulation group postoperatively.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.350-354
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• 2014

Background The authors sought to compare the use of the nonabsorbable polyvinyl alcohol sponge (PVA, Merocel) and absorbable synthetic polyurethane foam (SPF, Nasopore Forte plus) as intranasal splints after closed reduction of fractured nasal bones during the hospitalization period. Methods The medical records of 111 patients who underwent closed reduction for nasal bone fracture at Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, from 2012 to 2013 were reviewed retrospectively. PVA (group A) or SPF (group B) was packed as an internal splint after closed reduction. The efficacy of the materials was compared and statistically analyzed. Results PVA was used in 82 patients, and SPF was used in 29 patients. The patients in group B complained significantly more of nasal pain on the first day after operation than the patients in group A. Headaches on the operation day were significantly more painful in group B than in group A. Bleeding on the fourth postoperative day was significantly reduced in group B as compared to group A. The patients in group B exhibited significantly more intensive nasal obstruction on the operation day and the following day than the patients in group A. However, on the third and fourth postoperative days, the nasal obstruction in group B was less than that in group A. The pain and bleeding related to the packing material was significantly reduced in group B as compared to group A. Conclusions The use of SPF as an absorbable packing material is a reasonable substitute for the traditional nonabsorbable material.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.201-206
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• 2001

Objective : The purpose of this study was to assess the complications, duration of admission, cost effectiveness, radiologic stabilization of the anterior cervical bone fusion in the treatment of cervical disc disease with and without plating. Materials and Methods : Fifty-two surgically treated patients for cervical disc disease were reviewed. Group I consisted of consecutive treated patients with iliac auto-bone graft without instrumentation after anterior cervical discectomy. Group II consisted of consecutive treated patients with iliac autologous-bone graft with CASPER cervical plate fixations. Radiologic fusion was decided when loss of end plate boundary between graft bone and vertebral body and immobile, maintenance of the disc space were evident on simple dynamic plain films. The patients were discharged after the stabilization of cervical motion by films was of tained. These groups were analysed multiple variably with Mann-Whitney U-test. Results : Group I consisted of 18 patients, group II consisted of 34 patients. Mean age was $49.0{\pm}8.1years$, mean duration of admission was $17.27{\pm}10.51days$, mean costs for treatment was $1,970,000{\pm}475,000won$. In group I, mean age was 47.7(34-60) years, 16 patients had undergo on one-level operation, 2-patients had undergo on two-level operation, mean duration of admission was $28.7{\pm}10.4days$, mean costs for treatment was $2,194,473{\pm}561,639won$. The periods of stabilization was $6.6{\pm}3.36weeks$ on radiologic study. Mean periods of out patient follow up was 16.8(6-64) weeks after discharge. Mean period of radiologic follow up was 17.3(4-6) weeks after surgical operation. In group II, mean age was 49.7(37-62) years and 18 patients one-level operation, 14- patients had undergo on two-level operation and 2-patients three-level operation. Mean duration of admission was $11.24{\pm}3.29days$, mean costs for treatment was $1,850,823{\pm}389,372won$. The periods of stabilization was $5.88{\pm}7.07weeks$ on radiologic study. Mean period of out patients follow up was 16.7(4-60) weeks after discharge. Mean period of radiologic follow up was 12.4(3-52) weeks after surgical operation. The duration of admission showed statistical significance in Group II but other items showed no significant difference between two groups. Conclusions : The more economic, early life return and effective method of cervical disc disease in our series were evident in patients who had undergone, iliac bone graft and plate fixations after anterior discectomy.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.738-745
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• 1994

In order to evaluate the myocardial injury in cardiac valvular and coronary surgery, variables of creatine kinase[CK], myocardial band of CK[CK-MB], lactate dehydrogenase[LDH], aspartate aminotrasferase[AST] were measured in the preoperative[Preop], the operation day[POD0], and the first[POD1], third[POD3], fifth[POD5], seventh[POD7], ninth[POD9] day after operation in 29 patients. The subjects were divided into two groups according to the diseases: group V [valvular disease, n=16] and group C[coronary artery disease, n=13]. Each group was subdivided into two subgroups according to the duration of aortic crossclamping time[ACT]; group VI[ACT 120min, n=7] and group VII[ACT>120min, n=9]; group CI[ACT 120min, n=6] and group CII[ACT>120min, n=7]. The results were as followed 1. The values of CK between group V and group C had no significant difference. The values of CK in group CII were significantly greater than those in group CI and the values of CK in group VII were significantly greater than those in group VI. 2. Percentages of CK-MB between groups had no significant difference. 3. The serum levels of LDH in group V were significantly greater than those in group C. The serum levels of LDH in group VII were significantly greater than those in group VI. 4. The serum levels of AST in group VII were significantly greater than that in group VI. We were concluded that myocardial injury was more related with the duration of aortic cross clamping time rather than the type of diseases.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.391-398
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of the study is to investigate the oral health knowledge and behavior in teachers with or without the school dental clinic. Methods : The subjects were 133 teachers with or without the school dental clinic in Gunsan. A self-reported questionnaire was filled out by the teachers from September 9 to November 2, 2013. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 21.0. Results : The groups were divided into two. Experimental group was school dental clinic operation group and the control group was no operation group. The experiment group showed the high score of recognition of fluoridation and sealant(p<0.01). The control group showed the high score of recognition of sealant(p<0.01). Conclusions : Continuous operation of the school dental clinic is essential to promote the lifelong oral health care in the elementary school children and the teachers. So the nationwide expansion of the continuous school dental clinic is very important to prevent the dental caries in the elementary school children.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.746-751
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• 1994

We reviewed our entire experience of 44 consecutive patients undergoing the arterial switch operation [ASO] for transposition of the great arteries [TGA] since March 1985.There were 28 patients with simple TGA[group I] and 16 with associated ventricular septal defect[VSD] [Group II] There were five hospital deaths[11.4%, 5/44], two related to single right coronary artery anatomy. There have been no late deaths. For group I hospital mortality was 14.3%[4/28], and for group II this was 6.25%[1/16]. Mean follow-up was 3.3 years[range 1 month to 8 years] and was completed for all patients. Actuarial survival at 7 years for hospital survivors was 85 $\pm$ 3.2 % in group I and 94 $\pm$ 3.5% in groupII. One patient has mild asymptomatic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, and five patients [12.8 %,5/ 39] have right ventricular outflow tract gradients[RVOTO] exceeding 25 mmHg; only one patient has required reoperation for RVOTO. Mild neoaortic regurgitation is present in one patient. All survivors are currently in NYHA class I without medicalion, and all are in sinus rhythm. The ASO is associated with low operative risk and excellent medium-term outcome in most subsets of patients undergoing this operation. With more experience, improved results can be expected also in those patients currently at higher risk.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.2 s.70
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• pp.44-53
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• 2007

Objectives : This study examined the neuroprotective effect of Hyulbuchookau-tang (血府逐瘀湯, HBCAT) against neural damage following global cerebral infarction. Methods : Sprague-Dawley rats were induced with global cerebral infarction by occlusion of the bilateral common carotid artery with hypotension (CCAO). The rats were divided into 3 groups. We treated extract of HBCAT to one group after operation (sample group), one group wasn't induced with ischemic damage after operation (sham group), and one group was induced with ischemic damage after operation (control group) but not treated. We observed neurological scores and cresyl violet-stained hippocampus CAl area, TUNEL-positive neurons, and Bax-positive neurons in brain regions. Results : HBCAT treatment after CCAO increased pyramidal neurons in CAl hippocampus induced by CCAO. HBCAT treatment after CCAO reduced Bax-positive neurons in CAl hippocampus of brain regions induced by CCAO. HBCAT treatment after CCAO wasn't effective for HSP70-positive neurons in CAl hippocampus induced by CCAO. Conclusions : These results suggest that HBCAT has a neuroprotective effect against global cerebral ischemia.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2014

The present study compared the postoperative analgesic effects of ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve block with infiltration of local anesthetics (bupivacaine) into the wound in children after inguinal hernia repair. Ninety children below 7 years old who were scheduled elective inguinal hernia repair were randomly allocated into one of three groups. The patients in nerve block (NB) group, ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve block was done with 0.5 mL/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine. The patients in infiltration of local anesthetics (LI) group, 0.5 mL/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine was infiltrated into the wound after surgery. The patients in control group were allocated as a Control group. Postoperative pain was assessed at 1, 3, 5, and 24 hours after operation with FLACC scale and additional analgesic consumption were counted. The three groups were not significantly different in age, sex, body weight, and duration of operation. Pain scores at 1 hour and 3 hours after operation were significantly higher in Control group than in NB group and LI group (p<0.01), whereas there were no difference between NB group and LI group. The rescue analgesics administration was significantly higher in Control group (n=11) than in NB group (n=6) and LI group (n=7) (p<0.05). There were 2 cases of transient femoral nerve palsy in NB group. Both of ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve block and infiltration of local anesthetics into the wound provided effective postoperative analgesia in early postoperative period following inguinal hernia repair in children. But no difference between the two methods. Technically, infiltration of local anesthetics into the wound was easier and safer than ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve block.