• Korean Security Journal
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• no.25
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• pp.89-107
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of using cervical spinal stabilization exercise for the improvement of pain intensity, cervical range of motion, neck disability index, reposition sense, muscle tenderness with chronic neck pain in private security. For 21 patients diagnosed with chronic cervical pain and divided into cervical spinal stabilization exercise group and postural correction exercise group. Each exercise was conducted for 8 weeks. Pain and neck disability index were measured before and after exercise using the visual analogue scale(VAS) and the neck disability index(NDI). Range of motion were measured electronic goniometer, muscle tenderness of upper trapezius ad sternocleidomatoid were measured algometer, reposition sense were measured reposition panel before and after exercise. After 8 weeks of exercise, the cervical stabilization exercise group pain and neck disability were significantly decreased(p<0.05). Also there was significant difference in both group(p<0.05). In addition, range of motion, muscle tenderness reduce rate, reposition sense were significantly increase as compared to the pre-post exercise in cervical stabilization exercise group(p<0.05). But there was no significantly difference in postural correction group before and after exercise(p>0.05). And there was significantly increase more cervical stabilization exercise group than postural correction exercise group in range of motion, muscle tenderness reduce, reposition sense. In summary, cervical spinal stabilization exercise is more effective in improving cervical range of motion, muscle pain, reposition sense in private security on chronic cervical pain patients, in reducing patients' pain and disability. It is an effective treatment to aid rehabilitation in these cases.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of various cool-down exercises on muscular strength and endurance. After receiving a treadmill training for main exercise, the subjects conducted isotonic and isometric cool-down exercises four times for three weeks. Isotonic exercise with leg press of 10kg was repeated by 20 times and isometric exercise was conducted at flexion of hip joint and knee joint with leg press of 10kg by maintaining it for 6 sec and resting for 2 sec by 20 times. Muscular strength after exercise was measured with 1 RM by times and muscular endurance with maximum repetition frequency using time to keep for loading the weight of 10 RM and 65% of maximum muscular strength. As a result of comparing and analyzing measured values, exercise recovery shape of isotonic and isometric cool-down group were more effective than rest recovery shape of the control group. The isometric cool-down group was more effective than isotonic cool-down group. In conclusion, isometric exercise was more effective than isotonic exercise or simple rest on muscular strength and endurance.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.94-102
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to confirm the effects of a moderate and fast walking exercise program on middle-aged women's fatigue, serum lipids and immunoglobulins. Method: A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used for this study. The experiment was conducted for 10 weeks from May 17th to July 25th, 2004 with 44 middle-aged women, consisting of 16 for the moderate walking group, 15 for the fast walking group and 13 for the control group. Result: Walking exercise at both a moderate and fast speed was effective in middle-aged women in reducing fatigue and serum lipids. It was also revealed that extended periods of exercise was more effective in decreasing fatigue while for reducing serum lipid, high intensity exercise was more effective. In this study, serum immunoglobulins were reduced after moderate and fast walking exercise but its cause was not fully understood so further research is needed. Conclusion: This study helps us recognize the importance of regular exercise and promotes motivation to exercise for a healthy life among middle-aged women.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.274-280
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• 2011

This study was designed to analyze repetitive dorsiflexion and plantarflexion exercises in ankles have effects on the muscle tones of triceps, vastus medialis and gastrocnemius. 25 healthy woman volunteers(ankle dorsiflexion exercise group: 13, ankle plantarflexion exercise group: 12) participated in the two ankle exercise models, which have performed 3 times a week for 3 weeks. Myotonometer was used to measure the muscle tones of the triceps, vastus medialis, gastrocnemius muscles, and measurements were performed before and after the application of the each exercise model. Repeated measured paired t-test and independent t-test was used to determine a statistical significance. The group of repetitive dorsiflexion exercise of the ankle have effects on the muscle tones of triceps, vastus medialis and gastrocnemius (p>.05). The group of repetitive plantarflexion exercise of the ankle have effects on the muscle tones of triceps, vastus medialis and gastrocnemius(p>.05). The groups of repetitive dorsiflexion and plantarflexion exercise of the ankle have effects on the muscle tones of triceps, vastus medialis and gastrocnemius(p>.05).

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.600-610
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find the effects of an exercise program on body composition, serum lipids, and menopausal symptoms in Korean menopausal women. Methods: This research used none qui valent control group pretest-posttest design. The participants were 30 middle-aged women who were divided into two groups, an experimental group (n = 16) who participated in the exercise program and a control group (n = 14). The exercise program was composed of gymnastic-ball exercises with RPE $12{\sim}13$ intensity, 50 minutes' duration and three times a week for 12 weeks from April 1 to June 30, 2008. The dependent variables (body composition, serum lipids, menopause symptoms, self-efficacy, and life satisfaction) were measured before and after exercise program. Results: There were statistically significant difference in weight (F=2.92, p=.049), percent body fat (F=4.22, p=.040), total cholesterol (F=2.63, p= .017) and high density lipoprotein (F=6.74, p= .015) between the two groups. Psychological menopausal symptoms also decreased significantly (F=7.01. p=.014) after the exercise in the experimental group. Conclusions: Regular gymnastic-ball exercises are helpful for menopausal women. They have positive effects not only on body composition and serum lipids but also on the decrease of menopausal symptoms. The results of this study suggest that gymnastic-ball exercise programs are effective in health promotion of Korean middle-aged women, and thus it is necessary to develop exercise programs for women.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.241-252
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• 2013

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of walking exercise on diabetes mellitus indicator and vascular compliance of type 2 diabetes mellitus adults. Methods The subjects were 2 groups; exercise group(n=11, $age=57.36{\pm}8.74$), non-exercise group(n=10, $age=59.20{\pm}5.81$). Walking exercise five or more times a week, and more than 10,000 steps per day with writing the walking diary ordered to the exercise group. For date analysis, mean and standard deviation scores were calculated, and independent t-test was performed. Result After 45 days of walking exercise, weight (p <.01), abdominal obesity rate (p <.05), body fat mass (p <.05) showed significant difference between the groups. but diabetes indicators and vascular compliance tend to decreased in the exercise group, there was no significant difference between the groups. Conclusions Walking exercise is effective in improving body composition.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.247-255
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• 2021

Purpose: The goal of this study was to see how different aerobic exercise intensities affected AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), reactive oxygen, and antioxidant enzymes in young mice during an 8-week period. Methods: Forty male C57BL/6 mice, aged seven weeks, were randomly assigned to one of four groups: control (n=10), low-intensity exercise (n=10), moderate-intensity exercise (n=10), and high-intensity exercise (n=10). For eight weeks, aerobic activity was performed once a day for 35-40 minutes, five days a week. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA), chi-squared tests, and the Tukey test in the SPSS/WIN 25.0 program. Results: Weight (p=.001) was substantially different between the moderate-intensity exercise group and the control group in AMPK (p<.001). In addition, there were no significant differences between the moderate-intensity exercise group and the control group in reactive oxygen malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (p=.136) and antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels (p=.521). Conclusion: These findings suggest that moderate-intensity aerobic exercise increased AMPK activation and helped young mice shed weight.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.149-154
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study is to suggest an intervention method for clinical use in the future by analyzing the effect of breathing exercise on activity of sternocleidomastoid muscle and scalenus anterior muscle, which are respiratory synergist muscles, and pulmonary functions in patients with forward head posture. Methods: Prior to the experiment, 12 patients (experimental group) performed feedback exhalation exercise along with conventional deep neck exercise, and 11 subjects (control group) performed feedback deep neck exercise along with conventional deep neck exercise. The intervention programs were performed for 40 minutes once a day (three times a week for four weeks). Results: Before intervention, %RMS was measured for surface electromyography (sEMG), and FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC were measured using a spirometer. After four weeks, these items were re-measured under the same condition and analyzed. In within-group comparison of the experimental group, activity of sternocleidomastoid muscle and scalenus anterior muscle showed a significant decrease (p<0.05)(p<0.001), and forced vital capacity (FVC) showed a significant increase (p<0.05). In within-group comparison of the control group, activity of sternocleidomastoid muscle and scalenus anterior muscle showed a significant decrease (p<0.05), and in between-group comparison, there were significant differences in activity of sternocleidomastoid muscle and FVC (p<0.05). Conclusion: Long-term forward head posture restrains exercise performance of the neck and leads to exercise avoidance of the neck during daily activities, thus restraint factors might be created even while breathing. To cut off this link, a constant effort is required and diversified research on the correlation between neck functions and breathing should be conducted.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.9-16
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare modified sling exercise and general isometric exercise in patients with shoulder impingement syndrome. Methods: Twenty subjects were studied. The control group, n1 = 10, received instructions for doing general isometric (ISO) exercise. An experimental group, n2 = 10, received instructions for doing push-ups from standing and sitting positions and modified scapular exercises using a sling (3 sets, 3 times per week for 6 weeks). To evaluate the effects of exercise, subjects were evaluated using a visual analog scale for pain, a goniometer for range of motion, and electromyography for onset time of muscle contraction. Statistical analysis was done using the Wilcoxon Signed rank and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: Pain in the sling group was significantly decreased after 6 weeks of treatment (p<0.05) pain in the general ISO exercise group was not significantly decreased (p>0.05). Flexion and external rotation were significantly increased after 6 weeks of treatment in both groups (p<0.05) and the change in the Sling group was greater than in the ISO group (p<0.05) in the flexion test. Time of onset of contractions in the Sling group for the upper trapezius, lower trapezius and serratus muscle were significantly decreased after 6 weeks of treatment (p<0.05), but the onset time for the middle trapezius did not significantly decrease (p>0.05). Conclusion: Scapular stabilizing exercise using a sling increases range of motion and decreases pain, and onset time of muscle contraction in patients with impingement syndrome.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.139-147
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of different intensity of aerobic exercise for four weeks on cardiovascular risk factors, reactive oxygen, and antioxidant enzymes in old mice. Methods: Eighteen male C57BL/6 mice age 18 months were randomly classified into the control group (n= 6), the moderate intensity exercise group (n= 6), and the low intensity exercise group (n= 6). The training groups performed the aerobic exercise twice daily for 20 minutes, five days weekly for four weeks. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA), the Chi-square test, and the Tukey's test with the SPSSWIN 21.0 program. Results: In this study, among the risk factors of cardiovascular disease, blood sugar (BS) (p= .023) and total cholesterol (TC) (p= .001) were significantly different between the moderate intensity exercise group and the control group. Additionally, there were significant differences in the reactive oxygen malondialdehyde (MDA) (p= .001), the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p< .001) and glutathione reductase (GR) (p= .015) between the moderate intensity exercise group and the control group. Conclusion: This finding suggests that moderate intensity aerobic exercise promotes the activity of antioxidant enzymes and lowers cardiovascular risk factors in older mice.