• Title/Summary/Keyword: Group Aggregation

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Adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) extract reduces amyloid-β aggregation and delays cognitive impairment in Drosophila models of Alzheimer's disease

  • Miyazaki, Honami;Okamoto, Yoko;Motoi, Aya;Watanabe, Takafumi;Katayama, Shigeru;Kawahara, Sei-ichi;Makabe, Hidefumi;Fujii, Hiroshi;Yonekura, Shinichi
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.64-69
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    • 2019
  • BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease that induces symptoms such as a decrease in motor function and cognitive impairment. Increases in the aggregation and deposition of amyloid beta protein ($A{\beta}$) in the brain may be closely correlated with the development of Alzheimer's disease. In this study, the effects of an adzuki bean extract on the aggregation of $A{\beta}$ were examined; moreover, the anti-Alzheimer's activity of the adzuki extract was examined. MATERIALS/METHODS: First, we undertook thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to evaluate the effect of an adzuki bean extract on $A{\beta}_{42}$ aggregation. To evaluate the effects of the adzuki extract on the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease in vivo, $A{\beta}_{42}$-overexpressing Drosophila were used. In these flies, overexpression of $A{\beta}_{42}$ induced the formation of $A{\beta}_{42}$ aggregates in the brain, decreased motor function, and resulted in cognitive impairment. RESULTS: Based on the results obtained by ThT fluorescence assays and TEM, the adzuki bean extract inhibited the formation of $A{\beta}_{42}$ aggregates in a concentration-dependent manner. When $A{\beta}_{42}$-overexpressing flies were fed regular medium containing adzuki extract, the $A{\beta}_{42}$ level in the brain was significantly lower than that in the group fed regular medium only. Furthermore, suppression of the decrease in motor function, suppression of cognitive impairment, and improvement in lifespan were observed in $A{\beta}_{42}$-overexpressing flies fed regular medium with adzuki extract. CONCLUSIONS: The results reveal the delaying effects of an adzuki bean extract on the progression of Alzheimer's disease and provide useful information for identifying novel prevention treatments for Alzheimer's disease.

A Voting Method Selection Support System for GDSS (그룹의사결정지원시스템을 위한 투표기법 선택 지원시스템 개발에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Seong-Hui;Lee, Jae-Gwang;Lee, Jin-U;Kim, Seon-Uk;Park, Heung-Guk
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.5-17
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    • 1996
  • There are various cases that we vote for making a decision or combining ideas (i.e. human being's opinions) in group meetings. Group Decision Support System(GDSS) provides us with a number of voting methods for decision making or aggregation of the ideas. It is generally difficult to select a voting method appropriate for given a meeting situation, without any aid of experts or computers having a knowledge on voting. In this paper we propose a supporting system for selecting an appropriate voting method. Since the selected method is recommended to the facilitator of GDSS, a part of time and effort related with the voting would be reduced. The knowledge in the system is represented as rules that are inductively generated from examples of voting. We used UNiK-INDUCE with ID3 algorithm so as to learn, which is a tool of developing expert systems.

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Culture of osteoblast on polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) composed of polysaccharides

  • Teramoto, Akira;Abe, Koji
    • Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
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    • 2003.10a
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    • pp.41-42
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    • 2003
  • Osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) were cultured on polysaccharide type polyelectrolyte complex (PEC). The growth of the MC3T3-E1 on the PEC with carbxyl group (c-type) was slightly suppressed and exhibited aggregation morphology. On the other hand, cell growth on the PEC with sulfate group (s-type) was enhanced and the cell exhibited spreading form. Differentiation markers of osteoblast (ALPase activity, calcification, expression of osteocalsin) were enhanced and localized around cell aggregates on c-type PECs. These results suggest that PEC has the ability to control osteoblast proliferation and differentiation.

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A Study on the Dynamic Reduction of Large-Scale Power Systems (대규모 계통의 동적 축약에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Hyung-Jun;Jang, Gil-Soo;Yoon, Yong-Beum;Lee, Jin
    • The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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    • v.49 no.8
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    • pp.399-404
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    • 2000
  • This paper presents new algorithms equivalencing large-scale power systems. Generators are identified to the coherent groups according to the relation factors, which represent the relative coupling degree between the generators. While the groups are identified, participation numbers, which are the measure of the relative participation of the generators in the group, are obtained. All generators and controllers in the group are weighted by participation numbers and aggregated to construct a dynamic equivalent. The proposed algorithms are applied to a 272-machine Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO)'s system. The enclosed results indicate the accuracy and usefulness of the algorithms.

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Influence of Surface Functional Group of Carbon Nanotubes for Applications in Electrochemical Capacitors

  • Park, Sul Ki
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2014.02a
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    • pp.480.2-480.2
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    • 2014
  • Electrochemical capacitors have been the most strong energy storage devices due to high power density and long cycle stability. Pristine carbon nanotubes are promising electrode materials for excellent electrical conductivity and high specific surface area in electrochemical capacitor. However, the practical application of pristine carbon nanotubes was limited by the aggregation into bundles due to van der Waals force. In this research, we explained how multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) functionalized by carboxyl, sulfonic, and amine groups (CNT-COOH, CNT-SO3H, CNT-NH2) to improve the performances of MWCNT. Functionalized CNTs showed two- to four-fold increase in capacitance over that of pristine CNTs, while maintaining reasonable cyclic stability. But, the CNT-COOH showed the lowest rate capability of 57% compared to 84%, 86% of CNT-SO3H and CNT-NH2. As demonstrated by the spectroscopic analysis, This reseach showed how surface functional group of carbon nanotubes change capacitor performances.

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Effects of Unsaturated Fatty Acid Diets Feeding PEriods on the Antithrombosis the Hematological Changes in the Blood and Fatty Acid Compositions of Platelets in Rats (불포화 지방산의 종류와 사육기간이 흰쥐의 항혈전 작용, 혈액구성 및 혈소판의 지방산 조성 변화에 미치는 영향)

  • 김정선
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.25 no.5
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    • pp.339-350
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    • 1992
  • This study was performed to investigate the effect on polyunsaturate fatty acid diets and feeding periods on the antithrombosis. the hematological changes in the blood and fatty acid compositions of platelets in rats. Each group of rats was fed a diet containing 20%(W/W) corn oil beef tallow sardine oil and the general stock diet for 10, 20. 40 and 80 days. Rats fed sardine oil diet showed significantly longer bleeding time than any other diet groups after 20 days feeding The whole blood clotting time of sardine oil group fed for 80 days was increased significantly. The number of platelet and the concentration of hemoglobin showed no significant difference among all groups. The number of white blood cell was decreased continously in sardine oil group after 10 days feeding. The level of malondialdehyde generation during thrombin-induced aggregation of platelets was decreased continously in sardine oil grou after 20 days feeding. With regard to the composition of platelet fatty acid the ratio of eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA 20: 5 $\omega$-3) to arachidonic acid(AA 20:4 $\omega$-6) was increased in sardine oil group but decreased in corn oil groups and beef tallow groups with days. In conclusion the rats fed sardine oil diet for more than 20 days showed the fact that EPA induced the antithrombosis. the changes in number of white blood cell and the fatty acid composition of platelets.

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A Group Modeling Strategy Considering Deviation of the User's Preference in Group Recommendation (그룹 추천에서 사용자 선호도의 편차를 고려한 그룹 모델링 전략)

  • Kim, HyungJin;Seo, Young-Duk;Baik, Doo-Kwon
    • Journal of KIISE
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    • v.43 no.10
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    • pp.1144-1153
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    • 2016
  • Group recommendation analyzes the characteristics and tendency of a group rather than an individual and provides relevant information for the members of the group. Existing group recommendation methods merely consider the average and frequency of a preference. However, if the users' preferences have large deviations, it is difficult to provide satisfactory results for all users in the group, although the average and frequency values are high. To solve these problems, we propose a method that considers not only the average of a preference but also the deviation. The proposed method provides recommendations with high average values and low deviations for the preference, so it reflects the tendency of all group members better than existing group recommendation methods. Through a comparative experiment, we prove that the proposed method has better performance than existing methods, and verify that it has high performance in groups with a large number of members as well as in small groups.

Ultrastructural Changes Induced by Telluric Acid in the Rat Liver (Telluric Acid가 흰쥐 간조직의 미세구조에 미치는 영향)

  • Son, Serk-Joo;Jeong, Young-Gil;Cho, Seung-Muk;Baik, Tai-Kyung;Choi, Chang-Do;Choi, Wol-Bong
    • Applied Microscopy
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.83-103
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    • 1995
  • This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of telluric acid on the histological and fine structural changes in the rat liver. Fischer 344 rats($150{\sim}200gm$) were used in this study as control and experimental groups. Telluric acid(5 mg/100 gm of body weight) suspensed in olive oil was given intraperitoneally to the animals of the experimental group and only olive oil to those of the control group. At the intervals of 3, 6 and 12 hours, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 60 days after administration, the animals were sacrificed, and livers were obtained from the rats. For light microscopic examination of the liver, sections($5{\mu}m$) were stained with hematoxylineosin(H-E). For electron microscopic examination of the liver, sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, finally examined with Zeiss EM 109 electron microscopes. The results obtained were as follows. 1. In the control group, round nucleus. well developed mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, rough endoplasmic reticulum(RER) and numerous glycogen particles were observed in the cytoplasm of the hepatocyte. In the cytoplasmic membranes of the hepatocyte, sinusoidal surface had numerous microvilli and cellular surface is combinated adjacent hepatocyte with desmosomes. The RER cisterns were dilated and zymogen granules were fewer than those of the dark cells. Kupffer cells with irregular nuclear membrane were observed. Fat storing cell and collagenous fiber bundle were observed in the Disse space. 2. Kupffer cell, inflammatory cells in the connective tissue of hepatic triad and lysosome were increased in the 3, 6, and 12 hour experimental group comparing with that of the control group. 3. In the 1 day experimental group, infiltration of inflammatory cells in interlobular connective tissue, dilatation of sinusoidal capillary and increasing of Kupffer cell were observed. Atropic change of hepatocyte and aggregation of glycogen particles in the cytoplasm of hepatocyte were observed. In this group, desmosome near bile canaliculi and collagenous fiber bundle in the Disse space were increased comparing with that of the 12 hours experimental group. In the 2 days experimental group, desmosome, lysosome, peroxisome and collagenous fiber bundle were increased comparing with that of the 1 day experimental group. Furthermore, lamellated bodies were also seen in the cytoplasm of the hepatocyte. 4. In 3 and 5 days experimental groups, transformations of hepatic cell cord and degeneration of the hepatocyte were markedly inclosed comparing with the all experimental groups. And damaged RER and mitochondria. collagenous fiber bundle were also inclosed comparing with that of the 2 days experimental group. Autophagosome and fat storing cells with large lipid droplets were also observed comparing with that of the 2 days experimental group. Tight junction and desmosome between the hepatocytes were separated. These degenerating changes were severe through the all experimental groups. 5. In the 10 and 20 days experimental groups, arrangement of hepatic cell cords and cell organelles of hepatocytes were similar to those of the control group. However, aggregation of glycogen particles, dilatation of sinusoidal capillary and infiltration of inflammatory cells remained. 6. In the 30 days experimental group, the tissue findings were similar to those of the control grout. But lamellated bodies in some hepatocytes and lysosome were remained in the cytoplasms of the Kupffer cells. In the 60 days experimental group, these all changes were recovered as the control group. In conclusion, telluric acid would directly induce the degenerative and necrotic changes on the hepatic tissue. However, these changes were perfectly recoverd in the 60 days experimental group as the control group.

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Ultrastructural Changes in the Mouse Liver Cell Treated with Ginseng Extract for Damaged Liver by Carbon Tetrachloride (사염화탄소(四鹽化炭素)에 의한 간상해시(肝傷害時) 인삼(人蔘)이 간세포(肝細胞)의 미세구조(微細構造)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Lee, Jae-Hyun;Woun, Bong-Rae;Lee, Cha Soo
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.87-95
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    • 1978
  • Election microscopic investigation were conducted on the mature mouse (B.W. about 25g) liver which was treated with Ginseng water extract during three, six and nine days respectivelly after carbon tetracholride injection into abdominal cavity. The results obtained were as follows: The liver cells of control group treated with carbon tetrachloride alone were restored slowly. The liver cells of experimental group treated with Ginseng water extract after carbon tetrachloride injection, however, were shown the appearance of well-developed ${\gamma}-ER$ and Golgi complex, marked aggregation of glycogen particles, and a number of large lipid droplets which are attached markedly with glycogen particles as compared to the control group. As these findings, it could be suggested that Ginseng gives an activation to restore the damaged liver cells.

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Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) Conjugated Lipid System for the Hydrophobic Drug Delivery

  • Lee, Hye-Yun;Yu, Seol-A;Jeong, Kwan-Ho;Kim, Young-Jin
    • Macromolecular Research
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    • v.15 no.6
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    • pp.547-552
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    • 2007
  • Water soluble polymer, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) was chosen to conjugate with 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-(succinyl) (N-succinyl DPPE) to make a new drug delivery system. PVP with an amine group (amino-PVP) was polymerized by free radical polymerization. The amine group of amino-PVP was conjugated with the carboxylic group of N-succinyl DPPE. The resultant conjugate could form nanoparticles in the aqueous solution; these nanoparticles were termed a lipid-polymer system. The critical aggregation concentration was measured with pyrene to give a value of $1{\times}10^{-3}g/L$. The particle size of the lipid-polymer system, as measured by DLS, AFM and TEM, was about 70 nm. Lipophilic component in the inner part of the lipid-polymer system could derive the physical interaction with hydrophobic drugs. Griseofulvin was used as a model drug in this study. The loading efficiency and release profile of the drug were measured by HPLC. The loading efficiency was about 54%. The release behavior was sustained for a prolonged time of 12 days. The proposed lipid-polymer system with biodegradable and biocompatible properties has promising potential as a passive-targeting drug delivery carrier because of its small particle size.