• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.348-355
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• 2017

인간활동에 의한 토양오염은 지속적으로 발생되고 있으며, 이를 과학적이고 합리적으로 관리하기 위한 인체 및 생태 위해성평가의 중요성이 부각되고 있다. 하지만 국내에서 생태계를 수용체로 하는 위해성평가에 대한 제도적 장치가 마련되어 있지 않으며, 이에 대한 평가체계와 활용가능한 기반 마련이 필요할 것으로 사료된다. 본 연구에서는 국내형 토양생태 위해성평가(soil ecological risk assessment) 체계를 제시하였으며, 이를 수행하기 위한 구체적인 내용들을 정리하였다. 토양생태 위해성평가는 오염물질에 대한 생태계 보호수준을 의미하는 예측무영향농도 산출을 목적으로 하고, 토양생태 독성자료 수집 및 적합성 확인, 토양생태 독성자료 표준화, 생태독성자료 충족도 확인 및 예측무영향농도 산출, 생태위해도결정의 단계로 수행할 수 있다. 수집된 생태독성자료는 신뢰도지수에 따라 적합성을 먼저 확인하며, 필요기준(국내 서식종, 급 만성, 독성종말점, 토양특성 분류)에 따라 순차적으로 정리하여 평가체계에 적용하는 방안을 제안하였다. 예측무영향농도는 생태독성자료 수준에 따라 저신뢰, 중간신뢰, 그리고 고신뢰 수준 중 하나의 산출 기법을 이용하며, 이를 통해 최종적으로 생태 위해도를 결정하는 방식을 제안하였다. 본 연구는 차후 토양오염물질에 대한 생태위해성평가 지침 제정에 있어 기본 체계로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.113-121
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• 2021

A safety assessment of radioactive waste repositories is a mandatory requirement process because there are possible radiological hazards owing to radionuclide migration from radioactive waste to the biosphere. For a reliable safety assessment, it is important to establish a parameter database that reflects the site-specific characteristics of the disposal facility and repository site. From this perspective, solubility, a major geochemical parameter, has been chosen as an important parameter for modeling the migration behavior of radionuclides. The solubilities were derived for Am, Ni, Tc, and U, which were major radionuclides in this study, and on-site groundwater data reflecting the operational conditions of the Gyeongju low and intermediate level radioactive waste (LILW) repository were applied to reflect the site-specific characteristics. The radiation dose was derived by applying the solubility and radionuclide inventory data to the RESRAD-OFFSITE code, and sensitivity analysis of the dose according to the solubility variation was performed. As a result, owing to the low amount of radionuclide inventory, the dose variation was insignificant. The derived solubility can be used as the main input data for the safety assessment of the Gyeongju LILW repository in the future.

• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경독성학회 2003년도 추계국제학술대회
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• pp.170-170
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• 2003

An initial study has been conducted with Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral resources and National Institute of Environment Research to evaluate the distribution of radon levels and their risk levels of groundwater in Korea. Probability distribution of 616 samples was log-normal one with 1,867pCi/L as arithmetic value, 920pCi/L as median and 40,010pCi/L as maximum during iou. years(1999-2002). In addition, 10% of total samples are in excess of 4,000pCi/L, 20% in excess of 2,700pCi/L, and 30% in excess of 1,700pCi/L, and 15 samples exceeds 10,000pCi/L. Total samples are grouped into 10 areas and 5 rocks unit, and difference of concentrations among areas and rocks are statistically significant(respectively, p<0.0001). The highest area is Daejeon located in ogcheon metamorphic rocks and granitic rocks, and most of all sites with high concentration sites are located in granitic rocks. The lowest area is Jeju located in volcanic rocks. We have estimated excess cancer risks of radon based on these data. To estimate risks, first of all, use patterns of groundwater are categorized with 6 groups: for drinking, household, farming, washing cars, raising stock, and others. We considered risk only for drinking water and household water because radon is rapidly dispersed before it of other use reach human respiratory organs. We select 565 samples for risk analysis, and applied unit risk which is 6.6210-7 per pCi/L to be recommended by NAS committee. Unit risk was derived from considering radon ingestion and radon inhalation from water use. When estimating risk, we analyzed PDF of concentration and represented risk as 50 and 95 percentile values to consider uncertainty with Monte-Carlo simulation. It results in 10-4 level of their excess cancer risk and in 10-2 level in some areas with high concentration of radon. It must be monitor periodically and take adequate actions in these risky sites. We recommend that it needs to take more survey and finally set guideline for radon regulation in groundwater.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2006

A hydrological drought index, MSWSI (Modified Surface Water Supply Index) was suggested based on SWSI (Surface Water Supply Index). With the available data of spatially distributed observation station of precipitation, dam storage, stream water level and natural groundwater level, South Korea was divided into 32 regions. This was conducted to represent the calculated index as a spatially distributed information. Monthly MSWSI was evaluated for the period of 1974 and 2001. It is necessary to compare this result with PDSI (Palmer Drought Severity Index) and SPI (Standard Precipitation Index), and check the applicability of the suggested index in our hydrological drought situation.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.556-565
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• 2003

A quality assurance safety assessment database, called QUARK (QUality Assurance Program for Radioactive Waste Management in Korea), has been developed to manage both analysis information and parameter database for safety assessment of low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste (LILW) disposal facility in Korea. QUARK is such a tool that serves QA purposes for managing safety assessment information properly and securely. In QUARK, the information is organized and linked to maximize the integrity of information and traceability. QUARK provides guidance to conduct safety assessment analysis, from scenario generation to result analysis, and provides a window to inspect and trace previous safety assessment analysis and parameter values. QUARK also provides default database for safety assessment staff who construct input data files using SAGE(Safety Assessment Groundwater Evaluation), a safety assessment computer code.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.50-59
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• 2007

물위나 육지에서 끄는 방식의 전기비저항 배열법의 등장은 그 자료량의 규모를 항공전자탐사의 규모에 가깝게 만들었으며, 이렇게 얻어진 자료들의 대부분은 해석을 위한 1 차원 역산이 시도되었다. 이 자료들의 믿을만한 해석과 자료처리를 실행 가능화시키기 위해서는 강력하고 완벽한 자동화 공정은 필수 불가결한 요소이다. 하상이나 염수 대수층의 상부와 같은 뾰족한 경계를 찾아내야 하므로 평활화제한법의 이용은 최소화 시켜야 한다. 적절한 역산 방식이라면 신호를 감쇠시키는 전도성 기반암의 경우에는 해석의 오류를 피하기 위해 낮은 신호대 잡음비를 현명하게 다룰 수 있어야 한다. 이를 위해 각각의 전극 배열법에 대해 하나의 탄력적 두께를 갖는 층을 운용하는 잡음 인지 역산 방법이 코딩되었다. 잡음 인지 역산법은 만약 전도성 기반암이 선호를 감쇠시켜 잡음 수준보다 작게 만들면 이를 감지하여 적당한 위치에 전도성 기반암을 갖는 모형을 구성해 준다. 초기모형의 층들은 4 극으로 구성된 각 전기 배열법의 유효깊이가 미치는 범위 내에서 제 위치를 찾아가게 된다. 이 알고리듬은 4 극의 유효깊이가 대략 지수함수적인 배열을 이루어 자료가 얻어졌을 때 가장 최상의 결과를 나타낸다. 접지저항을 줄이기 위한 선전극이나 용량선 안테나(capacitive-antenna)에 의한 자료의 역산도 가능하다. 이 논문은 이론자료와 오스트레일리아의 Murray 강의 염분차단 계획의 예를 들어 개발된 알고리듬의 유용성을 보여주었다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2010

Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA) supports a decision-making process such as establishment of environmental quality criteria. Soil quality criteria (SQC) are essential to protect soil organisms from the exposure to various soil contaminants. In this study, ERA methodologies of advanced countries for soil pollution were extensively compared to propose the ERA approach suitable for soil ecosystem in Korea. The soil ERAs in European Chemical Bureau(ECB), The Netherlands, and Canada can be classified as deterministic ecological risk assessment (DERA), and probabilistic ecological risk assessment (PERA) based on species sensitivity distribution (SSD). We propose three ERA methods according to abundance and reliability of soil ecotoxicity data. The method considered land use such as residential/agricultural, and industrial/commercial uses. The taxonomic groups of soil organism were classified as 'Class' level including different trophic levels (Magnoliopsida or Liliopsida, Clitellata, and Insecta or Secernentea). This study can be used to estimate the soil quality criteria to protect soil biota.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.18-31
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• 2022

To evaluate the impact of drought on agriculture in N. Korea, SPI (standardized precipitation index) analysis was carried out by utilizing time-series precipitation data during 1996 - 2003 when severe drought occurred throughout the country. The SPI value was estimated to reach 12 in approximately 60% of the total period, indicating that agricultural productivity deteriorated rapidly due to the long-term drought. The national average drought cycle, based on SPI 12, was estimated as 32.5 months for the last 40 years. However, when examined on 20-year basis, the drought cycle was shortened by 10.6 months in last 20 years (30.3 months) as compared to previous 20 years (40.9 months). Annual crop production continued to increase mainly in rice and maize until the mid-1990s, but declined sharply thereafter due to the drought. After the drought period, the production of potatoes of which growth is more resistant to drought started to increase to the production level comparable to those of rice and soybean. It is expected that changes in the agricultural production environment in N. Korea will be inevitable due to the climate change. To this end, using the results of the drought cycle analysis, it is possible to analyze the changes in the agricultural production environment in N. Korea in the future.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제60권6호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2018

This study evaluated the vulnerability of irrigation water supplied to the crops. The target areas were selected as Dangjin-si, Yesan-gun, and Cheongyang-gun. The survey items of the climate exposure were annual precipitation and rainless days. The sensitivity survey items were cultivation area, groundwater level, evapotranspiration and groundwater consumption. The survey items of the adaptability were Number of groundwater well and Water supply ratio. The survey methods for these items were investigated in a variety of ways, including "National Climate Data Service System", "Korean Statistical Information Service", "National ground water monitoring network in korea annual report" and "Chungcheongnam-do Statistical Yearbook", "HOMWRS". Vulnerability assessment results were rated within the range of 0~100 points. The first grade was rated 0-25, the second grade 26-50, the third grade 51-75, and the fourth grade 76-100. And the lower the score, the lower the vulnerability. As a result, Cheongyang-gun showed a high vulnerability of over 50 points, Dangjin-si showed a low vulnerability rating of 31.20 points and a Yesan-gun of 36.00 points.

• 지질공학
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.517-523
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• 2007

이 연구에서는 초정지역의 충적층 지하수와 관련된 풍화대분포를 파악하고 단층파쇄대 조사를 위해 복합물리탐사(탄성파굴절법, 전기비저항, 지하투과레이더탐사)를 수행하였다. 탄성파속도 정보로부터 풍화대는 대상지역의 남서부로 갈수록 깊어지는 것으로 나타나는데 기반암까지의 심도 즉 풍화대의 두께는 또한 기존의 시추자료 및 지하수위 자료와 거의 일치한다. 소규모 단층과 관련된 파쇄대 조사에서는 탄성파굴절법, 전기비저항, 레이더탐사 자료를 속도와 비저항 구조를 복합적으로 천부까지 해석하여 단층파쇄대의 지표 경계등을 파악하였다. 복합 지구물리탐사로 정확히 제시된 풍화대와 파쇄대 등에 대한 정보는 충적층 지하수의 분포를 알아내는데 충분히 활용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.