• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.48 no.12
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• pp.1023-1035
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• 2015

This study applies 3-D N-S solver based on PBM (Porous Body Model), LED-WASS-3D ver 2.0 to directly analyze non-linear interaction of seawater-freshwater-coastal aquifer in order to simulate the seawater infiltration into coastal aquifer. This numerical simulation is the first trial in Korea, as well as unusual and new numerical analysis abroad. Firstly, to validate the applied numerical model, the validity and effectiveness was verified for the numerical model by comparing and considering it with the result of laboratory experiment for seawater-freshwater interface in coastal aquifer. And then it simulated the seawater infiltration into coastal aquifer considering the changed levels of seawater and groundwater in order to analyze the distribution characteristics of flow field and seawater-freshwater interface of coastal aquifer as the level difference between seawater and groundwater and rate of seawater level (${\Delta}h/h$) increased. In addition, the characteristics of seawater infiltration were analyzed from the vertical salinity in the coastal aquifer by ${\Delta}h/h$, which cannot be obtained from existing non-diffusion numerical models. Finally, it analyzed the effect of ${\Delta}h/h$ on the seawater infiltration distance in coastal aquifer, which was indexed.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.167-183
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• 2021

It is essential to understand the complex thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical (THMC) coupled behavior in the engineered barrier system and natural barrier system to secure the high-level radioactive waste repository's long-term safety. The heat from the high-level radioactive waste induces thermal pressurization and vaporization of groundwater in the repository system. Groundwater inflow affects the saturation variation in the engineered barrier system, and the saturation change influences the heat transfer and multi-phase flow characteristics in the buffer. Due to the complexity of the coupled behavior, a numerical simulation is a valuable tool to predict and evaluate the THMC interaction effect on the disposal system and safety assessment. To enhance the knowledge of THMC coupled interaction and validate modeling techniques in geological systems. DECOVALEX, an international cooperation project, was initiated in 1992, and KAERI has participated in the projects since 2008 in Korea. In this study, we introduced the main contents of all tasks in the DECOVALEX-2023, the current DECOVALEX phase, to the rock mechanics and geotechnical researchers in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.58-68
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• 2009

Low impact development (LID) technique is relatively new concept to reduce surface runoff and pollutant loading from land cover by attempting to match predevelopment condition with various integrated management practices (IMPs). In this study, computational model for designing and evaluating LID, named LIDMOD, was developed based on SCS-CN method and applied at Andong bus terminal to evaluate LID applicapability and design retention/detention area for volume or peak flow control. LIDMOD simulated with 21 years simulation period that yearly surface runoff by post-development without LID was significantly higher than that with LID showing about 2.8 times and LID could reduce efficiently yearly surface runoff with 75% reduction of increased runoff by conventional post development. LIDMOD designed detention area for volume/peak flow control with 20.2% of total area by hybrid design. LID can also efficiently reduce pollutant load from land cover. Pollutant loads from post-development without LID was much higher than those from pre-development with showing 37 times for BOD, 2 times for TN, and 9 times for TP. Pollutant loads from post-development with LID represented about 57% of those without LID. Increasing groundwater recharge reducing cooling and heating fee, creating green refuge at building area can be considered as additional benefits of LID. At the point of reducing runoff and pollutant load, LID might be important technique for Korean TMDL and LIDMOD can be useful tool to calculate unit load for the case of LID application.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.75-87
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• 2012

Hyporheic zone is a region beneath and alongside a stream, river, or lake bed, where there is mixing of shallow groundwater and surfacewater. Hyporheic exchange controls a variety of physical, biogeochemical and thermal processes, and provides unique ecotones in a aquatic ecosystem. Field and experimental observations, and modeling studies indicate that hyporheic exchange is mainly in response to pressure gradients driven by the geomorphological features of stream beds. In the reach scale of a stream, pool-riffle structures dominate the exchange patterns. Flow over a pool-riffle sequence develops recirculation zones and stagnation points, and this flow structures make irregular pressure gradient which is driving force of the hyporheic exchange. In this study, 3 D hydro-dynamic model solves the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations for the surface water and Darcy's Law and the continuity equation for ground water. The two sets of equations are coupled via the pressure distribution along the interface. Simulation results show that recirculation zones and stagnation points in the pool-riffle structures dominantly control the upwelling and downwelling patterns. With decrease of recirculation zones, length of donwelling zone formed in front of riffles is reduced and position of maximum downwelling point moves downward. The numerical simulation could successfully predict the behavior of hyporheic exchange and contribute the field study, river management and restoration.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.215-222
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• 2010

This research aims to gain the result of assessment of inflow categorized by runoff path using DIROM (Daily Irrigation Reservoir Operation Model) for Baengnyeong-myeon reservior which was built for residents of Baengnyeong island to solve the shortage of drinking water and stable supply of domestic water. The simulation results of DIROM and actual hydrograph of the reservoir show very low correlation with geological characteristics. The simulation results by DIROM after adjusting with modified Tank III model which considers all outflow from Tank II model as interflow among 3 level tanks show good correlation of its regional runoff and inflow characteristics with $R^2$=0.9058. In the study area, diffluence of 37% of rain fall of the study year has been simulated, which shows low result compared to the average river runoff of national water resource. In addition, 34.5% of total inflow to the study reservoir is mainly interflow and baseflow among expected several channels.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.223-231
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• 2015

Self-potential (SP) is sensitive to groundwater flow and there are many causes to generate SP. Among many mechanisms of SP, pore-fluid flow in porous media can generate potential without any external current source, which is referred to as electrokinetic potential or streaming potential. When calculating SP responses on the surface due to geothermal fluid within an engineered geothermal system (EGS) reservoir, SP anomaly is usually considered to be generated by fluid injection or production within the reservoir. However, SP anomaly can also result from geothermal water fluid within EGS reservoirs experiencing temperature changes between injection and production wells. For more precise simulation of SP responses, we developed an algorithm being able to take account of SP anomalies produced by not only water injection and production but also the fluid of geothermal water, based on three-dimensional finite-element-method employing tetrahedron elements; the developed algorithm can simulate electrical potential responses by both point source and volume source. After verifying the developed algorithm, we assumed a simple geothermal reservoir model and analyzed SP responses caused by geothermal water injection and production. We are going to further analyze SP responses for geothermal water in the presence of water production and injection, considering temperature distribution and geothermal water flow in the following research.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

The objective of this study is to assess impacts of sorption heterogeneity on the transport of leachate leaked from unlined landfill sites and is accomplished by examining the results from a series of Monte-Carlo simulations. For random distribution coefficient ($K_{d}$) fields with four different levels of heterogeneity ranging from homogeneous to highly heterogeneous, the transport of leachate was investigated by linking a saturated flow model with a contaminant transport model. Impacts of a chemical heterogeneity were evaluated using point statistics values such as mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation of the concentration obtained at monitoring wells from 100 Monte-Carlo trials. Inspection of point statistics shows that the distribution of distribution coefficient in the landfill site proves to be an important parameter in controlling leachate concentrations. In comparison to homogeneous sorption, heterogeneous $K_{d^-}$ fields produce the variability in the leachate concentration for different realizations. The variability increases significantly as the variance in the $K_{d^-}$ field and the travel time between source and monitoring well increase. These outcomes indicate that use of a constant homogeneous $K_{d}$ value for predicting the transport of leachate can result in significant error, especially when variability in $K_{d}$ is high.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.599-612
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• 2004

The continuous long-term rainfall-runoff simulation model SWAT has the advantage of being able to account for various land use, however, SWAT lacks the capability of simulating the drainage characteristics of urban area. On the other hand, SWMM, which is the most popular model for runoff analysis of urban watershed, has the advantage of being capable of considering surface and drainage characteristics in urban area, but SWMM cannot easily account for land use other than urban area within a watershed. In this study, SWAT-SWMM model, which builds on the strengths of SWAT and SWMM, has been applied to the Osan River Watershed which is a tributary watershed to the Gyung-Ahn River. From the application, the results from coupled SWAT-SWMM model has been compared to the ones from SWAT for each hydrologic component such as evapotranspiration, surface runoff, groundwater flow, and watershed and channel discharge, and the runoff characteristics of two models for each hydrologic component has been discussed.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.20-29
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• 2012

The green house on the waterfront is air-conditioned by a water-source heat pump system with riverbank filtration water. In order to supply riverbank filtration water in alluvium aquifer, the riverbank filtration facility for water intake and recharge, two pumping wells and one recharge well, has been constructed. The research site in Jinju, Korea was chosen as a good site for riverbank filtration water supply by the surface geological survey, electrical resistivity soundings, and borehole surveys. In the results of two boreholes drilling at the site, it was revealed that the groundwater table is about 3 m under the ground, and that the sandy gravel aquifer layer in the thickness of 6.5 m and 3.5 m occurs at 5 m and 7 m in depth below the ground level respectively. To prevent the recharge water from affecting the pumped water which might be used as heat source or sink, the distance between pumping and recharge wells is designed at least 70 m with a quarter of recharged flow rate. It is predicted that the transfer term, the recharge water affects the pumping well, is over 6 months of heating season. Hydrogeological simulation and underground water temperature measurement have been carried out for the pumping and recharge well positions in order to confirm the capability of sustainable green house heating and cooling.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.79-88
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• 2003

This paper presents a numerical study of the spatial behavior of a linear absorbing solute in a heterogeneous porous medium. The spatially correlated log-normal hydraulic conductivity field is generated in a given two-dimensional domain by using the geostatistical method (Turning Bands algorithm). The velocity vector field is calculated by applying the two-dimensional saturated groundwater flow equation to the Galerkin finite element method. The simulation of solute transport is carried out by using the random walk particle tracking model with CD(constant displacement) scheme in which the time interval is automatically adjusted. In this study, the spatial behavior of a solute is analyzed by the longitudinal center-of-mass displacement, longitudinal spatial spread moment and longitudinal plume skewness.