• 지질공학
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.383-392
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• 2017

하천 인근에서 농경지 경작 및 생공용수 등의 이용을 위한 과도한 지하수의 취수는 하천수량 감소의 주요 원인으로 인식되고 있다. 따라서 수자원 관리에 있어서 하천 인근 지하수 관리는 매우 중요하며, 이를 위해서는 하천 인근 지하수 정보 파악이 우선되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 하천으로부터의 이격거리에 따른 지하수 관정의 비율과 하천 인근에 포함된 관정의 분포 특성을 파악하기 위해 안성천 유역을 대상으로 지하수 취수계획량 현황을 조사하였다. 안성천 수계 전체 관정 중 하천 인근에 포함된 허가관정의 취수계획량 비율은 20.6%, 하천 인근에 포함된 신고관정의 경우는 31.3%로 나타났다. 하지만 하천 인근 관정의 전체 취수계획량 중 허가관정은 11.4%, 신고관정은 88.6%에 해당하는 것으로 나타나 하천인근에서 신고관정의 취수비율이 월등히 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 현재까지는 지하수법에 의해 하천 인근 지하수 개발시 단지 허가관정에 대해서만 의무적으로 지하수영향조사서를 작성하도록 되어있으나 하천 인근의 이용관정 중 신고관정의 양이 훨씬 많은 것을 감안하면 신고관정에 대한 적극적이면서도 신중한 관리가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.751-758
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• 2019

본 연구는 오염부지의 위해성 평가를 위해 수치모의 기반 오염물질의 노출이동경로 평가에 활용가능한 개념모델을 제시하였다. 이를 위하여 1차원으로 유한차분 기법을 적용하여 지하수 내 오염물질 이송확산을 모의하였다. 불포화대 경로에서의 수리지질학적 및 오염물질 매개변수가 가질 수 있는 범위를 설정하여 범용 시나리오 및 오염물질별 시나리오를 구성하여 모의에 적용하였다. 모델에서는 흡착 및 생분해를 갖는 유한차분 1 차원 이송확산이 고려되었고, 또한 초기 농도가 시간이 지남에 따라 고갈되는 것을 가정하였다. 일반 시나리오의 결과는 지하수 침투율이 감소함에 따라, 오염원에서 지하수면까지의 경로가 길어질수록 지하수면으로 유입되는 지점의 농도 범위는 낮아졌다. 특히, 높은 생분해 속도와 오염원의 빠른 고갈의 경우, 범용 시나리오가 좁은 범위의 지하수 유입농도 예측치를 보여주었다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.56-67
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 국가 지하수관측소에서 획득한 지하수위, 전기전도도 및 수온 관측자료에 대해 모수 및 비모수 경향 분석을 실시하였다. 분석대상은 2003년까지 3년 이상 모니터링을 실시하고 있는 관측소의 지하수 자료이며, 이에는 충적관측정 95개소와 암반관측정 169개소가 해당된다. 모수분석으로 일평균 및 월중앙값에 대해 선형회귀분석을, 그리고 비모수분석으로 월중앙값에 대해 Mann-Kendall test 및 Sen's test를 적용하였다. 선형회귀분석을 통해서는 약50%의 관측정에서 수위, 전기전도도 및 수온이 증가경향을 나타내었고 나머지 절반은 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 월중앙값을 이용한 비모수 경향분석에서는 99% 신뢰수준에서 지하수위는 $14.8{\sim}20.0%$가 감소경향으로 나타났고, 전기전도도는 $24.2{\sim}36.9%$가 증가경향을 보였으며, 수온의 경우에는 $27.4{\sim}32.5%$가 증가경향을 보였다. 높은 비율의 관측정에서 증가 혹은 감소의 경향성을 보이는 것은 분석대상 기간이 상대적으로 짧은(최장 6년) 것에 기인한 결과일 수 있다. 한편 현장조사를 실시하여 평가한 결과에서 나타난 지하수위 혹은 전기전도도의 감소 혹은 증가경향 자체가 직접적인 지하수 장해를 의미하지는 않는다. 결국 장기적인 경향성과 더불어 해당 인자의 값 자체 및 감소율을 고려하여야 한다. 본 연구는 국가 지하수관측소 자동 측정자료에 대한 최초의 전면적인 경향분석 결과이다. 이번 연구사례를 토대로 국내 지하수 자원의 전체적인 변동상황을 파악하기 위해서는 정기적인 경향분석을 수행할 필요가 있다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2003년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.56-63
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• 2003

Fractional composition and mobility of sediments some heavy metals in Okdong stream are investigated. The fractional scheme for sediment heavy metal was made for five chemically defined heavy metal forms as adsorbed fraction, carbonate fraction, reducible fraction, organic fraction, and residual fraction (Tessier et at., 1979). The most abundant fraction of the sediment heavy metal is reducible and secondly abundant organic fraction. Adsorbed fraction is minor part of the total heavy metals. Mobilization of sediment heavy metals in stream Okdong is occur 19.8∼56.7% of total cadmium concentrate. The most abundant fraction of the sediment metal is organic fraction in Cu, Pb metals investigated. Labile fraction of sediment metals are 0.5%∼48.5% of total Zn, 2.6%∼48.1% of total Pb, 0.2∼36.9% of total Cu respectively, Most of labile fraction consists of reducible fraction for Cd, Zn, adsorbed fraction for Pb, reducible fraction for Cu, adsorbed fraction for Ni. The Mobilization of Zn and Cu is most likely to occur when oxygen depletes and that of Pb and Ni occurs when physical impact, oxygen depletion and pH reduction.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.10-16
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• 2017

Recently, the gap between demand and supply of natural aggregate has increased owing to the depletion of aggregate sources. Therefore, policy support is necessary for the stable supply of aggregate resources. Public and construction works experience problems when they do not receive a steady supply of aggregate. Further, instabilities in aggregate supply lead to increases in aggregate prices, and consequently construction costs. As a result, the likelihood of poor construction using low-grade aggregate increases. It is therefore crucial to put measures in place that deal with these issues. This study aims to reduce the load imposed by aggregate use on the environment by recycling soil dredged from sewage ducts to reduce the gap between supply and demand of fine aggregate. The dredged soil is assessed using an applicability test for quality characteristics and solidification with basic properties. This study aims to secure the safety of dredging soil and solidified objects through interior physical and chemical analyses and to utilize it as a base material for concrete solidification in the future.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.349-357
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• 2006

Nowadays, the discharges of urban streams during dry season are depleted because the hydrologic cycle in the watershed has been destroyed due to the expansion of the impermeable area, the excessive groundwater pumping, climate change, and so forth. The streamflow depletion may bring out severe water quality problems. This research are to investigate the hydrologic characteristics and to develop a technology to restore sound hydrologic cycle of Anyangcheon watershed. For the hydrological cycle analysis of the Anyangcheon watershed, continuous simulations of urban runoff were performed for the upstream basin of Gocheok bridge whose basin area covered 4/5 of the whole catchment area. The increase of impervious area by urbanization was analysed and its effect on urban runoff was evaluated. The SWMM 5 (Storm Water Management Model 5) was used for the continuous simulation of urban runoff. The analysis results of urbanization effect on runoff are as follows: the surface runoff in 2000 increases to 65% of the whole precipitation whereas the surface runoff in 1975 amounts to 50% of the precipitation; the groundwater runoff in 2000 amounts to 7% and shows 6% decrease during the period from 1975 to 2000.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2015

The rapid industrial development is facing problem due to energy depletion in Korea. So that, it can be necessary to develop alternative energy sources. Alternative energy like biofuels can be produced by using waste fuel, which is ecofriendly. As we know, the organic waste was banned to dump in landfill and ocean dumping. The most practicable method usually used to reduce organic waste is getting feedstuff or composting, considering the discharge characteristics of agricultural by-products waste treatment were selected. In this study, bio-coal was made using agriculture by product. Biocoal was prepared by adding 50 g of uniformly mixture into reactor and was carbonized at low temperatures 210, 220, and 230℃. The time of reaction was 1, 2 and 3 hours. Bio-coal approximately was similar to the standard of solid fuels. Other characteristics of fuel were also studied. The experiments which were analyzed were moisture content and calorific value, ash, chlorine, sulfur and heavy metals analysis as mercury, cadmium, lead, arsenic, and chromium. As a result, bio-coal 220℃, 2 hours was the optimal conditions while heating.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2022년도 학술발표회
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• pp.157-157
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• 2022

Recent decades have seen all over the world increasing drought in some regions and increasing flood in others. Climate change has been alarming in many regions resulting in degradation and diminution of available freshwater. The effect of global warming and overpopulation associated with increasing irrigated farming and valuable agricultural lands could be particularly disastrous for coastal areas like the one of Benin. The coastal region of Benin is under a heavy demographic pressure and was in the last decades the object of important urban developments. The present study aims to roughly study the general effect of climate change (Sea Level Rise: SLR) and groundwater pumping on Seawater intrusion (SWI) in Benin's coastal region. To reach the main goal of our study, the region aquifer system was built in numerical model using SEAWAT engine from Visual MODFLOW. The model is built and calibrated from 2016 to 2020 in SEAWAT, and using WinPEST the model parameters were optimized for a better performance. The optimized parameters are used for seawater intrusion intensity evaluation in the coastal region of Benin The simulation of the hydraulic head in the calibration period, showed groundwater head drawdown across the area with an average of 1.92m which is observed on the field by groundwater level depletion in hand dug wells mainly in the south of the study area. SWI area increased with a difference of 2.59km² between the start and end time of the modeling period. By considering SLR due to global warming, the model was stimulated to predict SWI area in 2050. IPCC scenario IS92a simulated SLR in the coastal region of Benin and the average rise is estimated at 20cm by 2050. Using the average rise, the model is run for SWI area estimation in 2050. SWI area in 2050 increased by an average of 10.34% (21.04 km²); this is expected to keep increasing as population grows and SLR.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2007

Changes in protein metabolism were studied in hemolymph and fat body on days 1, 3, 5 and 7 of the fifth-instar silkworm, Bombyx mori, exposed to lethal, sublethal doses and prevailing levels of fluoride in groundwater in Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh States of India. The total protein content indicated a depletion followed by a concomitant increase in accumulation of free amino acids. Concurrently, the activity of protease in both of the tissues was also increased. A steady enhancement in the activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase paralleled the elevation of glutamate dehydrogenase activity in the tissues studied. It is presumed, on the basis of these results, that the fluoride toxicity causes major changes in protein metabolism of the silkworms.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.260-268
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• 1997

The effects of three mechanisms, calcium depletion, sulphate and carbonate penetration, on the concrete degradation have been studied. The shrinking core model (SCM) and the HYDROGEOC. HEM (HGC) model have been applied to evaluate how fast the mechanisms proceed. The SCM is an analytical approximation model and the HGC is a numerical mass transport model coupled with chemical reaction. The SCM leads to more conservative results than the HGC, and turns out to be very useful in the viewpoint of simplicity and conservatism. During 300 years, calcium has been depleted within 10 cm from the concrete outer surface, and sulphate has penetrated less than 13.5 cm into the concrete. Carbonate has not penetrated own 7 cm into the concrete in contact with the bentonite, and, furthermore, its penetration into the concrete with the groundwater is negligible. Conclusively, the concrete is expected to maintain its integrity for at least 300 years that are regarded as institutional control period of intermediate and low-level radioactive waste repository.