• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.467-474
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• 2024

Monitoring and managing the condition of underground utilities is crucial for ground stability. This study aims to determine whether images obtained using ground penetrating radar (GPR) accurately reflect the characteristics of buried pipelines through image analysis. The investigation focuses on pipelines made from different materials, namely concrete and steel, with concrete pipes tested under various diameters to assess detectability under differing conditions. A total of 400 images are acquired at locations with pipelines, and for comparison, an additional 100 data points are collected from areas without pipelines. The study employs GPR at frequencies of 200 MHz and 600 MHz, and image analysis is performed using machine learning-based convolutional neural network (CNN) techniques. The analysis results demonstrate high classification reliability based on the training data, especially in distinguishing between pipes of the same material but of different diameters. The findings suggest that the integration of GPR and CNN algorithms can offer satisfactory performance in exploring the ground's interior characteristics.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2018

지하의 비균일성이 지하탐사레이다(GPR) 신호에서 금속관 탐지에 미치는 영향을 수치계산으로 조사하였다. 지하의 비균일성을 모델링하기 위해서 연속적인 랜덤 매질(CRM) 생성기법을 도입하였고, GPR 신호의 전자기 모의계산을 위해 유한차분시간영역(FDTD)법을 구현하였다. 랜덤 비균일 지하에 대한 상대 유전율 분포의 표준편차와 상관길이의 변화에 따라 매설된 금속관의 GPR 신호를 수치 모의계산으로 비교하였다. 지하의 비균일성이 증가함에 따라 지하 클러터의 영향으로 인하여 매설관에 의한 GPR 신호가 심하게 왜곡되었다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.399-406
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• 2019

비균일 지하에 매설된 비금속관에 의한 지표투과레이다(GPR) 신호 특성의 변화를 수치 모의계산을 통해 비교하였다. 지하의 상대유전율 분포는 연속적인 랜덤 매질(CRM) 기법을 이용하여 생성하였다. 비균일 지하에 매설된 비금속관 속을 채우고 있는 물질의 상대유전율 변화에 따른 GPR 신호를 유한차분시간영역(FDTD)법으로 모의계산하였다. 균일 지하와는 달리, 비균일 지하에 매설된 비금속관의 전방 볼록면과 후방 오목면에 의해 발생한 각각의 반사파에 대한 왜곡 특성이 비금속관 내부와 외부 사이의 유전율 차이에 따라 달라짐을 보였다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.167-174
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• 2000

Ground penetrating radar(GPR) was applied for measuring depths, sizes and intervals of rebars embedded in concrete. A concrete wall was constructed for this study and a sand pool and a concrete block were used for simulation. Result of this study shows that GPR can be used for measuring rebar depths and intervals, even though it is limitary, but that measuring sizes is almost impossible. Simulation with the sand pool was helpful for research on the versatile rebar arrays though signal was not clear as real concrete wall. A concrete block with many cylindrical holes for inserting different sized rebars could not be used for simulator due to many unknown reflective waves. Antenna orientation must be perpendicular to rebars for large reflection signal.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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• pp.1064-1066
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• 2003

In this paper, ground penetrating radar (GPR), which has the capability to detect non metal and plastic mines, is proposed to detect and discriminate antipersonnel (AP) landmines. The time domain GPR - Impulse radar and frequency domain GPR - SFCW (Stepped Frequency Continuous Wave) radar is utilized for metal and non-metal landmine detection and its performance is investigated. Since signal processing is vital for target reorganization and clutter rejection, we implemented the MUSIC (Multiple Signal Classification) algorithm for the signal processing of SFCW radar data and SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) processing method for the signal processing of Impulse radar data.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2016

OBJECTIVES : The objective of this study is to detect road cavities using multi-channel 3D ground penetrating radar (GPR) tests owned by the Seoul Metropolitan Government. METHODS : Ground-penetrating radar tests were conducted on 204 road-cavity test sections, and the GPR signal patterns were analyzed to classify signal shape, amplitude, and phase change. RESULTS : The shapes of the GPR signals of road-cavity sections were circular or ellipsoidal in the plane image of the 3D GPR results. However, in the longitudinal or transverse direction, the signals showed mostly unsymmetrical (or symmetrical in some cases) parabolic shapes. The amplitude of the GPR signals reflected from road cavities was stronger than that from other media. No particular pattern of the amplitude was found because of nonuniform medium and utilities nearby. In many cases where road cavities extended to the bottom of the asphalt concrete layer, the signal phase was reversed. However, no reversed signal was found in subbase, subgrade, or deeper locations. CONCLUSIONS : For detecting road cavities, the results of the GPR signal-pattern analysis can be applied. In general, GPR signals on road cavity-sections had unsymmetrical hyperbolic shape, relatively stronger amplitude, and reversed phase. Owing to the uncertainties of underground materials, utilities, and road cavities, GPR signal interpretation was difficult. To perform quantitative analysis for road cavity detection, additional GPR tests and signal pattern analysis need to be conducted.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2001년도 합동 추계학술대회 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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• pp.30-33
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• 2001

This paper discusses the system design of a synthetic aperture radar system based on a pulse-echo radar. The design consists of an ultra-wide bandwidth antenna, an amplitude modulation, timing stabilities, and high speed a/d conversions with an equivalent-time sampling. Experiment results show that GPR(Ground Penetrating Radar) can be used to explore buried electric facilities.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.119-128
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• 2005

하천에서 발생하는 세굴 과정을 파악하기 위해서 교량 우물통 주변의 침식 그리고 퇴적 양상을 조사하는 것은 필수적이다. 지구물리탐사법은 하천 하상변화를 파악하는데 매우 효과적이며, 과거에 발생한 하상의 세굴 현상을 이해하는데 도움을 줄 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 비파괴 지구물리탐사법인 지하 투과 레이다(Ground Penetrating Radar, GPR)를 이용하여 2002년 6월과 2002년 10월에 한강 내의 교각 주변을 대상으로 홍수전$\cdot$후 세굴에 의한 하상 변화,세굴과 되메움의 범위 및 깊이, 그리고 하상 매질을 조사하였다. 자료획득에는 100 MHz와 400 MHe안테나를 이용한 GSSI SIR 2000 시스템이 사용되었다. 하천의 흐름방향으로 조사한 24개의 교각 사이와 5개 교각의 주위를 돌며 획득된 GPR영상이 비교 제시되었다. 적절한 현장탐사장비와 탐사 절차가 적용된 GPR탐사는 교각 및 교대 주변의 하천 수심과 하상 지질학적 구조를 결정하는데 효과적일 수 있다는 결론을 얻었다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.29-44
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• 2024

This research investigates the effectiveness of data augmentation techniques in the automated analysis of B-scan images from ground-penetrating radar (GPR) using deep learning. In spite of the growing interest in automating GPR data analysis and advancements in deep learning for image classification and object detection, many deep learning-based GPR data analysis studies have been limited by the availability of large, diverse GPR datasets. Data augmentation techniques are widely used in deep learning to improve model performance. In this study, we applied four data augmentation techniques (geometric transformation, color-space transformation, noise injection, and applying kernel filter) to the GPR datasets obtained from a testbed. A deep learning model for GPR data analysis was developed using three models (Faster R-CNN ResNet, SSD ResNet, and EfficientDet) based on transfer learning. It was found that data augmentation significantly enhances model performance across all cases, with the mAP and AR for the Faster R-CNN ResNet model increasing by approximately 4%, achieving a maximum mAP (Intersection over Union = 0.5:1.0) of 87.5% and maximum AR of 90.5%. These results highlight the importance of data augmentation in improving the robustness and accuracy of deep learning models for GPR B-scan analysis. The enhanced detection capabilities achieved through these techniques contribute to more reliable subsurface investigations in geotechnical engineering.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1998년도 가을 학술발표대회 논문집(III)
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• pp.785-790
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• 1998

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a powerful tool with a wide range of applications in the nondestructive testing of concrete. It's useful for the detection of steel bars and delaminations embedded inside concrete, nondestructively. The purpose of this study is to detect a reinforced bar embedded inside concrete and to determine the range of application using GPR. A concrete specimen used for this study has a 25mm diameter steel bar and it's dimensions are 1,000 mm (L)× 1,000 mm(W)×280 mm(D). The advantages and limitations of GPR in these applications for concrete are also discussed.