• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.98-106
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• 2013

Seismic fragility curves for an offshore wind-turbine structure were obtained. The dynamic response of an offshore wind turbine was analyzed by considering the nonlinear behavior of layered soil and the added mass effect due to seawater. A pile-soil interaction effect was considered by using nonlinear p-y, t-z curves. In the analysis, the amplification effect of ground acceleration through layered soil was considered by applying ground motion to each of the soil layers. The vertical variation in ground motion was found by one-dimensional free-field analysis of ground soils. Fragility curves were determined by damage levels in terms of tower stress and nacelle displacements that were found from static pushover analysis of the wind-turbine structure.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 1998년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Spring 1998
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• pp.81-88
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• 1998

During an earthquake, there are three main components of excitation : horizontal excitation of the ground, vertical excitation of the pile due to superstructure feedback produced by vertical excitation of the ground, and the seawater excitation induced by the vertical ground shaking, that is, "the seaquake." These excitations could have effects on the soil plugs in open-ended pipe piles installed at offshore sites. In this study, seaquake excitation induced by the vertical ground shaking was simulated by pulsing the water pressure at the seabed. During a seaquake, due to induced excess porewater pressure and pressure gradients in the soil, the capacity of open-ended pipe piles installed in a simulated sea depth of greater than 220 m was reduced serevely and the soil plugging resistance was degraded by more than 80%. The soil plug was failed because of the upward seepage forces that developed in the soil plug due to excess pore water pressure produced in the bottom of the soil plug during the seaquake. The compressive capacity of an open-ended pile in a simulated sea depth of less than 220m was reduced only by about 10%, and the soil plug resistance was degraded by less than 5%.s than 5%.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1996년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.183-188
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• 1996

The durability of concrete structures decrease due to deterioration of concrete when they are constructed in marine or pollutional environments. In this study, the mortar specimens made from the five different types of cement were immersed in artificial seawater and four kinds chemical solution, and were measured the change of compressive strength and weight. The results show that the longer the immersed days are, the more the compressive strength reduction is. It has been remarked that the resistance of slag cement and ground granulated blast-furnace slag is excellent in chemical attack.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.192-196
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• 2003

Objective of this study was to investigate the influences of harvest index and percolation water quality as irrigated the discharge waters from an industrial and a municipal wastewater treatment plants and seawater (1:5 seawater: tap water) as alternative water resources during tillering stage for drought stress. There were four different treatments such as the discharge water from an industrial (textile dyeing manufacture plant) wastewater treatment plant (DIWT), discharge water from the municipal wastewater treatment plant (DMWT), seawater (1:5) and groundwater as a control. For the initial chemical compositions of alternative waters, it appeared that higher concentrations of COD, $Mn^{2+}$, and $Ni^+$ in DIWT were observed than reused criteria of other country for irrigation, and concentrations of $EC_i$, Cl, and $SO_4$ in seawater were higher than that for irrigation. Harvest index was not significantly different between DIWT and DMWT with different irrigation periods in two soil types, but that of seawater (1:5) is decreased with irrigation periods in clay loam soil and not different between 10 days and 20 days of irrigation periods in sandy loam soil. For percolation water qualities, values of sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) are increased with prolonging the irrigation periods of seawater (1:5) and DIWT, but those of DMWT were almost constant through the cultivation periods regardless of the irrigation period in both soil types. EG of percolation waters is eventually increased with prolonging days after irrigation regardless of irrigation periods in both soil types. Therefore, it might be concluded that there was potentially safe to irrigate the discharge water from municipal wastewater treatment plant relative to harvest index, SAR and $EC_i$ values of the ground water through the rice cultivation period at tillering stage for drought period.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.203-209
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• 2016

축제식 양식어장에서 홍합 치패의 중간육성 가능성을 확인하기 위해 2014년 9월부터 2015년 4월까지 홍합 치패의 성장과 생존율을 측정하였다. 또한 수온, 염분, 용존산소, pH, 용존무기질소 (DIN), 용존무기인 (DIP), 엽록소-a 및 식물플랑크톤의 현존량을 동시에 분석하였다. 수온과 염분의 범위는 각각 $4.0-23.4^{\circ}C$, 18.8-25.2 psu 로써, 일반적으로 보고된 적정 수준보다 낮았다. 매월 측정된 홍합 치패의 생존율은 모든 실험구에서 90% 이상을 기록하였다. 엽록소-a 농도와 식물플랑크톤의 현존량은 높게 나타났고, 주요 우점종은 은편모류와 미소편모류이었다. 이들 우점종은 이매패류 유생의 좋은 먹이가 될 것으로 판단된다. 축제식 양식어장의 저층에 채롱 당 100 개체($2,700ind.\;m^{-2}$) 의 밀도로 수용한 실험구에서 가장 높은 성장 ($7.63{\pm}4.65mm$) 을 보였으나, 채롱 당 200 개체 (5,400 개체 $m^{-2}$) 이하를 수용한 실험구 간에는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 적절한 관리가 이루어진다면 축제식 양식어장은 이매패류 치패의 중간 육성을 위한 대안적 어장이라고 판단된다.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.243-256
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• 2019

슬러리 쉴드 TBM (Slurry shield TBM) 공법에서 벤토나이트 슬러리의 침투와 필터 케이크의 형성 여부는 공법의 적용성에 영향을 미치는 중요한 요소이다. 그러나 벤토나이트 슬러리는 해수와 접촉하였을 때 팽윤성과 점도가 저하되어 공법에 대한 적용성을 확보하기 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 해수의 영향에 따른 슬러리 쉴드 TBM 공법의 적용성 변화를 평가하기 위해 슬러리의 해수 비율을 다르게 하여 주입 실험을 수행하였고 해수가 슬러리의 폐색 현상에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. 그 결과, 해수의 비율이 0%에서 20%까지 증가할수록 폐색 효과에 의한 슬러리 쉴드 TBM 공법의 적용성을 나타내는 slurry clogging criteria (SCC)가 최대 67%까지도 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 슬러리의 물리적 성질이 동일함에도 지반 조건에 따라 SCC값이 공법 적용에 문제가 없는 수준에서 공법 적용을 위해 슬러리에 추가적인 처리를 요하는 수준으로 변화하는 것을 통해 슬러리 쉴드 TBM의 적용성을 평가할 때 슬러리의 특성뿐만 아니라 지반 조건에 대한 고려도 필요함을 입증하였다.

• 물과 미래
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.47-60
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• 1993

삼광광산 주변의 잉울암골을 중심으로 수계를 형성하는 유역내에서의 지하수 유동특성을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 현장수리시험을 실시하고, 지하수 유출량을 측정하고 MODFLOW모형을 이용하였다. 분석결과 연구지역내의 지하수면으로 유입된 강수는 해수면 선상 EL(+)100m 이하의 편마암 심부로는 거의 침투하지 못했다. 수계경계 부근으로 유입된 강수는 개울 주변으로 유출되었고, 유입강수의 지하수 유동시간은 15년에서 263년 사이의 값으로 계산되었다. 또한 연구지역내에서의 총 지하수 유출량은 307㎥/day로 산정되었다.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.95-108
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• 2013

Metal ions exist in seawater, groundwater and industrial wastewaters. These source waters can be recycled if their concentrations are reduced. A number of processes can be applied for this purpose. Liquid-liquid extraction is one of the promising methods. In this paper, experimental results are presented on the removal of Cr(VI) using Aliquat-336, a reactive carrier, in sunflower oil (a non-toxic solvent). The performance of this new system is compared with those of kerosene (a toxic solvent). The extent of removal of Cr(VI) from samples with high and low concentrations are presented. The process was upgraded to a bench-scale module that can selectively remove about 50-90% Cr(VI) from samples of groundwater. Thus this process can produce water within the acceptable range for recycling and for use in secondary purposes such as irrigation.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2006

To investigate the fishery and fishing ground environment of red horsehead (Branchiostegus japonicus), the author analyzed the fishery data and examined the amount of catches and oceanic environment on the adjacent seas of Jeju island and East China Sea. It was turned out that the favourable season of the red horsehead fishery is the month from March to June, the main fishing ground is located in 60 mile radius from the position $32.5^{\circ}N,\;125.7^{\circ}E$. The bottom seawater temperature in fishing ground was shown between $l3^{\circ}C\;and\;16^{\circ}C$, the salinity was appeared between 33.5 and 34.0psu without the seasonal variation of the year. Concentrations of materials(e.g, $NO_3^-\;and\;NO_2^-$) in spring and summer time in main fishing ground were higher than any other seasons, but that of phospheric materials were lower than any other seasons. Concentrations of $chlorophyll\;-\;{\alpha}$ in the main fishing ground was the highest in spring and summer at the surface layer, but the vertical profile of the $chlorophyll\;-\;{\alpha}$ concentrations in all seasons were not variable at bottom layer. Mean density of zooplankton abundance according to the vertical structure was higher and much stable in summer and autumn than spring and winter.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.409-419
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• 2002

Nowadays, antiwashout underwater concrete is widely used for constructing underwater concrete structures but they, especially placed in marine environment, can be easily attacked by chemical ions such as SO$\^$2-/$\_$4/ Cl$\^$-/ and Mg$\^$2＋/, so the quality and capability of concrete structures go down. In this paper, to solve and improve those matters, flyash and GGBFS(ground granulated blast furnace slag) were used as partial replacements for ordinary portland cement. As results of experiments for fundamental properties of antiwashout underwater concrete containing 10, 20, 30％ of flyash and 40, 50, 60 ％ of GGBFS respectively, setting time, air contents, suspended solids and pH value were satisfied with the "Standard Specification of Antiwashout Admixtures for Concrete" prescribed by KSCE, and also slump flow, efflux time and elevation of head were more improved than that of control concrete. From the compressive strength test, it was revealed that the antiwashout underwater concrete containing mineral admixtures(flyash and GGBFS) is more effective for long term compressive strength than control concrete. An attempt to know how durable when they are under chemical attack has also been done by immersing in chemical solutions that were x2 artificial seawater, 5 ％ sulphuric acid solution, 10％, sodium sulfate solution and 10％ calcium chloride solution. After immersion test for 91days, XRD analysis was carried out to investigate the reactants between cement hydrates and chemical ions and some crystalline such as gypsum ettringite and Fridel′s salt were confirmed.