• 디자인학연구
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.117-130
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• 2006

This paper analyzed the current status of universal design in the Republic of Korea (Korea) and Japan. In the case of Japan, the aged society or the super aged society has been preparing from 1985 when the aging rate was 10%. Japan's activity to prepare it became promoted during 1990's when per capita Gross National Income (GNI) was $$20,000{\sim}40,000$. In Korea, the preparation for the aging society such as physical environment, barrier free buildings or traffic systems, economic support and investigation or survey is not yet sufficient. Korea must start preparation for an aged society, possibly and quickly. And it needs to prepare until 2026, when the aging rate will be 20%. To prepare a barrier free and an aged society must consider both aging and economic status.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.48-59
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• 2020

Purposes: The purposes of this study is analysis of business performance in national university hospitals in Korea. Methodology: Data from 2010 to 2019 were collected from balance sheet, income statement, and annual reports in 11 national university hospitals. The dependant variables are business performance which are operating margin to total assets, operating margin to gross revenue, and net income to gross revenue. The independent variables are the number of bed, hospital location, opening, liquidity, stability, and activity. Findings: In recent years, activity has been shown to have a lot of influence on management performance. National university hospitals increase profitability by using resources as efficiently as possible. The short-term debt and fixed assets have been increased rapidly in recent years. It was found that management performance has been increased through active investment using financial leverage. Practical Implications: Based on these results, this study will be the basic data for efficient management of national university hospitals.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.159-171
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• 2005

The supply and demand of mushrooms has increased dramatically as the standard of living has increased and the nutritional and medical value of the mushrooms has been discovered. However, in meeting the demand, the profitability of the mushroom is being reduced. Even though there are many different types of and uses for mushrooms, the overall output production for the last ten years has consistently increased 5.9% per year, and for the last five years('00~'04) 5.2 % per year, and for the last 3 years('02~'04) 2.9% per year- the rate of increase has slowed. Looking at the standard gross income from mushroom production, it has increased 5.2% over the last nine years('95~'03), 1.6% over the last 4 years('00~'03), and 3.2% over the last 3 years('02~'04)-the annual gross income is decreasing. Even though the farmers are producing more mushrooms, the annual gross income is not increasing enough to keep up with the production, and therefore the profitability of mushrooms is decreasing. Since 2002, the constant increase of the output of edible mushrooms such as the Common Mushroom, Oyster Mushroom, King Oyster Mushroom and Winter Mushroom has resulted in a price declines. Before 2004, Korea mainly exported mushrooms, but after 2004 Korea mainly imported mushrooms. The mushroom industry of Korea is nearing the end of the stage of 'supplying domestic demand.' The stages are as follows: demand raised ${\rightarrow}$ supply domestic demand ${\rightarrow}$ export ${\rightarrow}$ country with developed mushroom industry. Therefore, we should have an efficient system to promote the exportation of mushrooms. Not only the exportation of mushroom itself but also the exportation of mushroom spawn, cultivation techniques and processing facilities should be our goal when we formulate the policy.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2024

본 연구는 손자녀를 대상으로 가족돌봄을 제공하는 조부모의 자본이 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 국민노후보장패널 8차 본조사 자료를 이용하였다. 연구 결과, 삶의 만족도에 영향을 미치는 자본의 영향력이 20.1%로 나타났다. 조부모의 자본 중 가계 총소득과 건강상태가 삶의 만족도에 유의한 정(+)적인 영향을 미쳤다. 즉, 손자녀에게 가족돌봄을 제공하는 조부모의 가계 총소득이 많을수록, 건강상태가 좋을수록 삶의 만족도가 높게 나타났다. 반면에 돌봄시간은 삶의 만족도에 부(-)적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났는데 이는 손자녀를 돌보는 시간이 길수록 조부모의 삶의 만족도가 낮음을 의미한다. 이와 같은 결과는 조부모의 손자녀 돌봄 가능성이 증가하는 요즘에 조부모의 삶의 만족도의 영향 요인을 시사하며, 가계 총소득, 건강상태와 돌봄시간이 주요 변수임을 알 수 있었다. 이를 토대로 손자녀를 돌보는 조부모의 삶의 만족도를 증가시키기 위한 방안을 제시하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.19-29
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• 1994

The annual income (gross margin) in 1989/90 of a sample of 274 farmers in seven milk cooperatives was analyzed in the sugar cane, cassava, and horticulture areas in East Java. On average dairying contributed 42%, crops 29% and off-farm revenue 29%. Dairy income was highest in the cassava area, where it compensated for the low crop income, and lowest in the sugar cane area. Farm area and average milk yield per day per cow correlated positively with farmer's income, whereas crop income increase significantly with farm area and with the number of cows. The level of total cost per cow had a negative impact on dairy and with the number of cows. The level of total cost per cow had a negative impact on dairy and on total income. Government officials and other professionals engaged in dairying had a significantly higher total income than those with their main occupation in dairying, cropping or working as farm labourers. Uneducated farmers obtained a significantly larger income through crops, whereas farmers with tertiary education obtained more income through off-farm work, This study suggests that more attention must be paid to the actual use of labour and the improvement of the dairy output/cost ratio.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.613-624
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• 2021

This paper analyzes the relationship between income distribution and energy consumption from a Pareto optimal approach. For this purpose, the causality relationship between electricity consumption per capita (kWh) with respect to country groups and energy consumption per capita (kg of oil equivalent) along with gross domestic product per capita was analyzed. In addition to this purpose, a Pareto analysis was conducted to determine the countries with the highest per capita national income, how much of the world total energy they consume, and whether the law of power in the energy and electricity markets exists. Finally, the impact of official development assistance provided to low-income countries by high-income countries on the low-income countries' electricity and energy consumption was analyzed. In other words, it was questioned whether pareto redistribution policies serve the purpose or not. The Engle-Granger causality approach was used in the analysis of the causality relationship between variables. Our analysis indicated that, first, the energy data of the country groups may be inadequate in revealing income inequalities. Second, the existence of Pareto law of power and global income inequality can be explained based on energy data. Finally, Pareto optimal redistribution policies to eliminate income inequality remain inadequate in practice.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2022

The relationship between income inequality and capital account openness is empirically investigated in this study, where macroeconomic variables have opposing effects. Panel data used in the study from the KAOPEN Index and World Bank consists of 28 Asian countries and has been examined; it contains annual observations from 1970 to 2018. The data is examined using a random-effect model based on GMM estimates. Income inequality and capital account openness are positively and significantly related, according to our findings. Overall, the findings imply that increasing income gaps reduced capital investment in nations with large discrepancies. The growing economic discrepancy is being caused by the rich's increasing income share at the expense of the poor. In Asia, inward capital account openness exacerbates income inequality, while outward capital account openness exacerbates it. As a result, income inequality slows economic growth, leading to inflation, unemployment, and increased government spending in several Asian countries. Our control factors, GDP, and other secondary school enrolments, all had a statistically significant negative relationship with income inequality. Income disparity has a positive and statistically significant association with government spending, inflation, population, trade openness, and unemployment. Income disparity has a negative association with capital account openness, gross domestic product, and secondary school enrollment.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.77-90
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• 2023

This study employed the Gini coefficient decomposition analysis to classify and examine fishery household income inequality according to income sources. The raw data from the Fisheries Economic Survey by the National Statistical Office were used for the analysis after equalization according to the recommended method of the OECD. In particular, the Gini coefficient was decomposed by classifying with and without public subsidies, and the contribution, correlation, and marginal effect by income source were presented.As a result of the analysis, the inequality of fishing income and non-fishing income of fishermen was worsening, and the inequality of transfer income was continuously easing. Among them, fisheries subsidies have been analyzed to have the greatest contribution to the Gini coefficient of gross income and the highest relative marginal effect, although distribution inequality has been alleviated. On the other hand, other subsidies, including public pensions, were found to have the opposite contribution, correlation, and marginal effect to fisheries subsidies. The results of this analysis showed that even within public subsidies, the contribution to income redistribution might differ depending on the nature of the subsidy. In addition, in the case of other public subsidies, it can be seen that the transition from selective welfare to universal welfare occurs.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.117-121
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• 1990

단옥수수의 수량을 상품성 있는 이삭수, 이삭무게, 이삭크기별 시장가격을 적용한 조수입으로 평가하였을 때 이들 수량평가방법의 결과를 비교하기 위하여 단옥수수 품종 Golden Cross Bantam 70을 재식밀도(5,000, 6,000, 7,000, 8,000, 9,000주/10a)를 달리하여 0.3mm 투명 P.E. film 피복하에서 재배하였다. 출아후 30일과 44일에 초장과 분벽수를 조사하였고, 이삭조사는 출사후 25일에 수확하여 포엽을 제거한 후 이삭의 수, 크기, 무게를 조사하고 무게별 이삭수, 10a당 상품성 있는 이삭수, 이삭무게 조수입을 계산한다. 1. 초장, 간장, 착수고, 분벽수, 출사기는 재식밀도간에 차이가 없었으며, 수확기의 주간 엽면적지수는 1.1-1.9로서 재식밀도가 높을수록 증가하였다. 2. 상품성있는 이삭의 평균길이, 굵기, 무게와 포엽을 제거한 이삭무게가 150g 이상인 상품의 비율은 재식밀도가 높을수록 감소하였다. 3. 10a당 상품성있는 이삭수, 이삭무게 및 크기별 가격과 이삭수를 고려한 조수입은 재식밀도가 높을수록 증가하였으며, 이들간에는 고도로 유의한 정의 상관이있었다. 재식밀도가 높을때는 이삭수는 조수입보다 과대평가되었고, 이삭무게는 과소평가되었다. 4. 이삭을 수확한 후 경엽의 건물수량은 755-964kg/10a으로 7,000주/10a까지는 재식밀도가 높을수록 증가하였으며 건물함량은 20.7-24.5%이었다. 5. 흑조위축병 리병율은 10.6-15.0%이었으나 재식밀도간에는 차이가 없었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.216-222
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• 2020

본 연구는 논에 타 작물(사료작물)인 콩과 이탈리안 라이그라스, 콩과 감자, 콩과 보리의 작부체계를 신규 도입한 농가를 비교 분석하여 시사점을 도출하고, 기술적 해결사항 등을 파악하였다. 콩 및 이탈리안 라이그라스(IRG) 논 작부체계 수익성으로는 콩의 10a당 수량은 325kg이고, kg당 판매단가는 3,962원으로 총수입은 1,288천원이었다. IRG의 10a당 수량은 1,584kg이고, kg당 판매단가는 125원으로 총수입은 198천원이었다. 콩 10a당 소득은 284천원으로 소득률은 22.1%였다. IRG 10a당 소득은 ▽30천원이었다. 콩과 감자, 콩과 보리의 10a당 총수입은 각각 930,000원, 375,000이었다. 작부체계의 유형으로는 소득형 작부체계, 조사료의 생산형, 식량자급률 제고형, 기후변화 대응형, 등 다양한 작부체계 유형이 개발되고 있으나 권역별로 다양한 작부체계 모형은 부족한 상태이며, 대체작목 선정과 지역에 맞는 유형별 작부체계의 재배기술을 더 체계적으로 확립하여야 한다. 경지 이용률과 곡물자급률 등 중장기 목표를 가지고 끊임없는 관련 연구를 통한 작부체계의 기술적 확립이 필요한 시점이라고 할 수 있다.