• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.40-47
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• 2010

The purposes of this study were to compare the reliability and validity of an 88-item version of the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-88) and a 66-item version of GMFM (GMFM-66) in children with cerebral palsy (CP). The GMFM was completed in 154 children with CP (age range = 6~12). The internal consistency of the GMFM was calculated by Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ for judging reliability. The reliability of GMFM-88 and GMFM-66 were both above .99. The validity of measurement obtained by the GMFM was assessed by examining the unidimensionality of items and by comparing Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels with tests of the GMFM. Both the GMFM-88 and GMFM-66 were satisfied with unidimensionality. Discriminant validity was demonstrated on significant decreases in scores with increasing GMFCS levels in both measurements. However, GMFM-66 was a more sensitive discriminant in GMFCS level 1 and level 2 and in level 2 and level 4. This study reported a comparison of the reliability and validity of GMFM-88 and GMFM-66. The results of this study have implications for the information on the psychometric properties of two versions of GMFCS. This information will be useful for the selection of tools in clinics.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2008

Purpose : In this case report, we demonstrated the improvement of gait ability on the child who has mental retardation with incomplete gait pattern. Methods : The subject was a 4 years old boy with mental retardation. We applied the Bobath approach to the subject. Treatments included to facilitate trunk alignment and stability, and to train weight bearing and shifting, to facilitate pelvis posterior-anterior movement, and to train walk especially stance phase and assist up-down stairs locomotion in environment similar to actual daily life. It was performed 24 sessions for 12 weeks. Results : With this treatment, he could accomplish dynamic standing stability and he could independent walk at the out door after 12 weeks. In gross motor function measure(GMFM), total motor function was improved to 85.6% from 75.7%. Conclusion : The gait ability of child with mental retardation was improved by using the bobath approach.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제9권7호
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• pp.248-256
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• 2009

이 연구는 뇌성마비 아동의 손 기능을 평가하기 위해 개발된 손 기능 분류 체계(Manual Ability Classification System: MACS)를 이용하여 경직형 뇌성마비 아동의 손 기능을 평가하고 손 기능과 기능적 수행도 평가인 일상생활활동평가(Functional Independence Measure of Children: WeeFIM), 대운동 기능 분류체계(Gross Motor Function Classification System: GMFCS)의 관계를 알아보고, 이를 통해 뇌성마비 아동의 손 기능 평가 체계로써의 MACS에 대한 기초의 자료를 제공하는데 그 목적이 있었다. 경직형 뇌성마비 아동 60명을 대상으로 아동의 손 기능과 대동작 기능, 일상생활활동을 평가하였다. 평가한 자료를 바탕으로, MACS와 WeeFIM 및 GMFCS와의 관계와 손 기능 수준에 따른 일상생활활동의 차이를 알아보았다. 그 결과, MACS와 GMFCS의 상관은 유의수준.05에서 유의한 것으로 나타났으며, 그 정도는 r =.659이었다. WeeFIM과의 상관을 알아본 결과에서도 총점과의 상관은 유의수준.05에서 유의한 것으로 나타났으며, 그 정도는 r = -.576이었다. 손 기능 분류 체계로 평가한 수준에 따른 일상생활 활용의 차이를 알아본 결과 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다(p <.05). 뇌성마비 아동의 손 기능 평가 도구로써 MACS는 임상적으로 유용한 평가 체계로 사용될 수 있음을 알 수 있다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of cognitive development and motor development in children with developmental delays. Subjects were 43 children with a mean corrected age of 19.19 month (SD=7.48). The Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) and the Bayley Scale of Infant Development-second edition (BSID-II) were administered to the total children. Statistical analysis was done by paired t-test and Pearson correlation, using SPSS software. The results were as follows: 1) Most of the children with developmental delays showed statistical delays on the mental scale rather than on the motor scale. 2) The correlation coefficients of cognitive performance and motor performance were ranged between r=.38 and r=.83 in children with developmental delays. 3) Lower motor performance showed significant association with lower cognitive score. The findings suggest that cognitive and motor performance in children with developmental delays was significantly correlated.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.119-127
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• 2000

In this case report we demonstrated the improvemen of gait pattern and the facilitation of postwalk locomotion on the child who has severe mental retardation with Incomplete gait pattern. Treatments included to stimulate vestibular using balance board and vestibular stimulator, to train weight hearing and shifting, to facilitate visual perception motor coordination, and to train walk ann postwalk locomotion in environment similar to actual daily life. It was performed 130 sessions for 10 months. With this treatment, she could accomplished dynamic stability so that she didn't fall at walk after $1\~2$ months of treatment, and could have done climbing up and down without hand support after 10 months. In gross motor function measure(GMFM), total motor function was improved to $89.98\%$ from $73.53\%$.

• 재활복지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.125-139
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 뇌성마비 아동의 운동활동에 대한 3가지 개념(능력, 수행능력, 수행)을 구분하고 능력(표준화된 환경에서 할 수 있는 것), 수행능력(일상 환경에서 할 수 있는 것), 수행(일상환경에서 하는 것) 사이의 관련성을 평가하기 위한 것이다. 연구는 평균연령 6.6세의 뇌성마비 아동 40명(남자 19명, 여자 21명)의 평가 기록을 이용한 단면조사 분석으로 수행되었다. 대운동기능분류체계(GMFCS)에 따른 중증도는 1단계 13%, 2단계 10%, 3단계 43%, 4단계 33%, 4단계 3%였다. 운동활동 능력은 대동작기능평가(GMFM)를 이용하여 측정되었다. 수행능력과 수행은 소아장애평가척도(PEDI)의 2가지 척도(기능적 기술, 보호자 도움)를 사용하였다. 연구결과 능력과 수행 사이의 상관관계는 0.811(p<.05)이었고, 수행능력과 수행 사이의 상관관계는 0.845(p<.05)로 가장 높았다. 능력과 수행 사이의 상관관계는 0.711(p<.05)로 가장 낮았다. 뇌성마비 아동의 운동에 대한 능력과 수행능력은 일상생활에서의 수행을 완전히 반영하지 못한다. 수행에는 배경요인(특히, 가족기능과 같은 사회적 요인)이 영향을 미치기 때문이다. 따라서 본 연구는 뇌성마비 아동의 능력, 수행능력, 수행에 대해 명확하게 구분하여 평가하는 것이 필요하다고 제안한다.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.265-289
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• 1997

The purpose of this studied was to examine the reliability analysis of the GMFM in children with C.P. The subject of this study were 40 C. P patient who had been hospitalized Department of Sam-Yook Rehabilitation Hospital. Subjects were 28 boys and girls, aged 6 to 8 years. Reliability of each dimension of the GMFM were analyzed using Cronbach coefficients and to examine the intra-rater reliability were using Pearson correlation coefficients. The result of reliability analysis of the GMFM revealed higher reliability values. The reliability of the total dimension score was 95. Test-retest revealed intra-rater correlation coefficients from .71 to .98. The study presents that GMFM is useful in assessment of function of children with C. P by the quantitative description of the function.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.5709-5714
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• 2011

이 연구는 뇌성마비 아동의 기능적 수준 분류 체계의 유용성을 알아보기 위해 실시되었다. 이를 위해 2008년 9월부터 2010년 8월까지의 기간 동안 뇌성마비 아동 217명을 대상으로 대동작 기능 분류체계(GMFCS), 손 기능 분류 체계(MACS), 일상생활 활동을 측정하고 도구 간의 관계를 알아보았다. 그 결과, 대동작 기능 분류체계와 일상 생활 활동은 모든 하위 영역 및 총점과 유의한 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다(p<.05). 손 기능 분류체계와 일상생활 활동은 이상운동형 아동에서 일상생활 하위 영역 중 의사소통과 상관이 유의하지 않은 것을 제외하고 모든 하위 영역 및 총점과 유의한 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다(p<.05). GMFCS와 MACS의 관계를 알아본 결과, 가장 많은 분포를 나타낸 것은 GMFCS의 경우 1수준(20.3%)과 5수준(40.6%)이었고, MACS의 경우는 2수준(48.8%)과 5수준(16.6%)이었다. 결론적으로, 뇌성마비 아동의 기능적 수준 분류 체계인 GMFCS와 MACS는 임상적으로 유용한 평가 체계로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.265-272
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate tactile sense perception of the lower extremities according to physical function in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Methods: This study was conducted on 15 children diagnosed with spastic cerebral palsy. Physical function measurement items included dynamic balance ability, gross motor function level, and lower extremity ankle spasticity. The lower extremity tactile sensation uses a monofilament to measure the sole of the first metatarsal head, the sole of the fifth metatarsal head, the heel, the anterior part of the shin midway between the patella and the ankle joint, the kneecap, the upper anterior iliac spine, and the knee. A total of six measurements were taken in the mid-femoral region of the bone. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to determine the degree of body function and lower extremity tactile perception. Results: As the physical function of children with spastic cerebral palsy deteriorated, there was a decrease in tactile sensation in the thigh area corresponding to the proximal lower extremity. (p <.05). Conclusion: Children with spastic cerebral palsy and poor physical function have sensory loss not only in the distal part but also in the proximal part, so a treatment approach that recognizes and improves it is necessary.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.82-91
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• 2017

These are three case reports on developmental delay that were treated with Korean medicine more than one year. A child with spastic cerebral palsy was treated only with acupuncture in one case, and in another case, two children with cerebral palsy were treated with both acupuncture and Korean herbal medication: Gami-Dossi-pyengwisan and Gami-Guibiondam-tang. After more than a year of treatment period, all three children showed improvement of general condition and motor function, measured by Gross Motor Function Measure, compare to average of children with cerebral palsy. According to this result, Korean medicine treatment can be helpful in improvement of spasticity and developmental delay due to cerebral palsy. Further studies with more cases and well-designed randomized controlled trials should be performed to establish proper guideline of Korean medicine treatment for cerebral palsy.