• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to develop a predictive model for patient visibility in Korean ICUs (corridor or continental type). Methods: The measures of static visibility were used to quantify the patient visibility (upper third part of the patient bed) from the nurse station. The measure of space programme and area distribution (patient zone percentage, staff zone percentage and departmental gross square meter per patient bed) were calculated by using AutoCAD and MS Excel programs. Regression analysis was conducted for visibility as dependant variable with independent variables of patient area percentage, staff area percentage as well as departmental gross square meter per bed by using IBM SPSS. Results: (1) Average patient visibility and percentage of patient area in ICU shows a strong negative correlation ($r^2$=0.66), p=0.01. (2) Patient visibility in Korean ICU (corridor or continental type) can be calculated as below with the given conditions: Y= $-1.449(X)+124.3{\pm}6$, Y is the total visibility of the ICU (corridor or continental type) and X is the percentage of patient area in the unit. Conditions:1. Given that the unit has a mixed programme of open bed and closed patient rooms and 2. The unit have a minimum of 20% patient rooms. Implications: This study may contribute to the visibility analysis of existing and future ICU design (corridor or continental type) in Korea to achieve maximum patient visibility and reduced patient mortality.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제41권12호
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• pp.328-335
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• 2017

Background: Some researchers have attempted to evaluate the ecological function of various additional services, away from the main point of view on the timber production of Korean forests. However, basic data, evaluation models, or studies on the absorption of air pollutants related to major plant communities in Korea are very rare. Therefore, we evaluated the functional value of the forest ecosystem in Gongju-city. Plantation manual for air purification, supplied from the Ministry of Environment in Japan, was referred to process and method for assessment of air pollutant absorption. Results: Gross primary production was calculated about average 18.2 t/ha/year. It was a relatively low value in forests mixed with deciduous broad and evergreen coniferous compared to pure coniferous forest. Net primary production was the highest value in deciduous coniferous and was the lowest value in mixed forest with deciduous broad and evergreen broad. And the mean sequestration amount of each air pollutant per unit area per year assessed from gross primary production and concentration of gas was the highest with 75.81 kg/ha/year in $O_3$ and was 16.87 and 6.04 kg/ha/year in $NO_2$ and $SO_2$, respectively. In addition, total amounts of $CO_2$ absorption and $O_2$ production were 716,045 t $CO_2$/year and 520,760 t $O_2$/year in all forest vegetation in Gongju-city. Conclusions: In this study, we evaluated the absorption ability of air pollutant in 2014 on forest in Gongju-city area. Gongju-city has the broad mountain area about 70.3%, and area of deciduous broad leaves forest was established the broadest with 47.4% of genus Quercus. Pg was calculated about average 18.2 t/ha/year. The mean sequestration amount of each air pollutant per unit area per year assessed from Pg and $C_{gas}$ was the highest with 75.81 kg/ha/year in $O_3$ and were 16.87 and 6.04 kg/ha/year in $NO_2$ and $SO_2$, respectively. Absorption rates of $O_3$, $NO_2$, and $SO_2$ were the highest in evergreen coniferous forest about $14.87kgO_3/ha/year$, $3.30kgNO_2/ha/year$, $1.18kgSO_2/ha/year$, and the lowest were $5.95kgO_3/ha/year$, $1.32kgNO_2/ha/year$, and $0.47kgSO_2/ha/year$ in deciduous broad forest. In conclusion, it was evaluated that Japanese model is suitable for estimating air pollutants in Japan to Korean vegetation. However, in Korea, there is a very limited basic data needed to assess the ability of forests to absorption of air pollutants. In this study, the accuracy of a calculated value is not high because the basic data of trees with similar life form are used in evaluation.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.295-299
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• 2003

Macroscopic investigations were made on the lesions of a total of 101 udders from slaughtered Holstein cows in Gwangju area. Incidence of supernumerary teats was 9.9%. Gross lesions were found in the surface of teats of 29.4% of cows; these lesions comprised papilomatosis (16.0%), fronds (8.9%) and injury at the tip (3.2%). Approximately 95% of the cows had slight to severe teat orifice keratosis. On the mucous membranes of the teat cisterns, fibrosis (22.7%) and congestion (8.9%) were observed. Gross lesions were found in the mammary glands of 68% of cows; these lesions comprised fibrosis (18.8%), serous exudate (4.9%), fatty tissue (4.9%), pus (4.0%), congestion (2.0%).

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제29권 5호
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• pp.303-321
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• 2022

The current design equations for predicting the torsional capacity of RC members underestimate the torsional strength of under-reinforced members and overestimate the torsional strength of over-reinforced members. This is because the design equations consider only the yield strength of torsional reinforcement and the cross-sectional properties of members in determining the torsional capacity. This paper presents an analytical model to predict the thickness of shear flow path in RC beams subjected to pure torsion. The analytical model assumes that torsional reinforcement resists torsional moment with a sufficient deformation capacity until concrete fails by crushing. The ACI 318 code is modified by applying analytical results from the proposed model such as the average stress of torsional reinforcement and the effective gross area enclosed by the shear flow path. Comparison of the calculated and observed torsional strengths of existing 129 test beams showed good agreement. Two design variables related to the compressive strength of concrete in the proposed model are approximated for design application. The accuracy of the ACI 318 code for the over-reinforced test beams improved somewhat with the use of the approximations for the average stresses of reinforcements and the effective gross area enclosed by the shear flow path.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.50-55
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• 2005

현대의 고성능 전투기는 공력성능 및 조종성능의 향상을 위하여 대부분 세로축 방향으로 항공기를 불안정하게 설계하는 정안정성 완화(Relaxed Static Stability) 개념을 채택하고 있다. 비행제어법칙의 설계 작업은 이러한 불안정하게 설계된 항공기가 주어진 비행임무에 대하여 만족스런 안정성과 조종성능을 발휘할 수 있도록 비행성능을 조작하는 일련의 과정이다. 전투기의 조종성능은 공대공 전투(Air-to-Air Fighting)와 공대지 전투(Air-to-Ground Fighting)로 분류할 수 있다. 공대공 전투 시에는 전체포착(Gross Acquisition) 및 정밀추적(Fine Tracking)성능을 동시에 만족해야 한다. T-50 비행시험 결과, 공대공 추적에서 전체포착성능은 만족하지만, 정밀추적성능은 만족하지 못하였다. 본 논문에서는 정밀추적성능의 향상을 위해 새로운 개념의 세로축 제어법칙 적용에 관한 연구 방향을 제시하였다. HQS 조종사 시뮬레이션 및 비행시험 결과, 본 제어법칙을 적용하였을 때 전체포착성능의 저하 없이 정밀추적성능을 개선시킬 수 있었다.

• 교육시설
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to provide some architectural characteristics of recycled school facilities. To achieve this purpose literature review and case study are performed. In the case study total 207 recycled school facilities located within Kyungsangpookdo Province were analyzed in terms of its gross building area, size of the site, and new uses. Results of the analyses about the data show that there is a significant correlation between adapted use and size of the site and conditions of the adapted uses are influenced by the size of the site and gross building areas. In addition, this study finds that in case of extensions 53% of the total cases are used for training facilities. Finally, this study shows future research direction for achieving better decision in recycling closed school facilities.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.13-25
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• 1978

1970년 12월에서 1976년 12월 사이의 6년간 고리 원자력발전소 주변 환경에서 채취한 시료에 대하여 환경방사능을 측정조사하였다. 1976년에 채취한 공기미진에서 진알파 방사능과 1970년 12월에서 1976년 12월 사이에 채취한 시료인 토양, 물, 공기미진, 낙진, 솔잎, 빗물과 여런 식품시료에 페하여 전베타 방사능을 측정하였다. 시금치, 배추, 보리, 쌀, 뱀장어, 조기, 미역, 파해 및 우유 중에 함유된 스트론튬-90및 세시움-137 방사능은 방사화학적으로 분석하여 측정하였고 정수, 하천수, 바닷물 중의 트리튬도 전해법으로 농축하여 그 방사능을 측정하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.853-860
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• 2003

Plants sequester atmospheric CO$_2$, a major agent of climate change, during the growing periods and mitigate its rising accumulation in the atmosphere. Pinus densiflora and Quercus mongolica are the native tree species dominant in the temperate forests of Korea. This study quantified the annual CO$_2$ uptake by the two species at forest sites in Chuncheon in the middle of the country. The quantification was based on seasonal measurements of CO$_2$ exchange rates under natural conditions by an infrared gas analyzer over the growing season (1999). The monthly CO$_2$ uptake per unit leaf area ranged from 1.6-6.7 mg/d㎡/h for P. densiflora and from 3.7-8.9 mg/d㎡/h for Q. mongolica, with a maximum in mid-summer. An equation for each species was generated to estimate easily the annual CO$_2$ uptake by total leaf area per tree, which subtracted the CO$_2$ release (i.e. respiration) by leaves and woody organs from the gross CO$_2$ uptake (diurnal uptake and release by leaves). Annual CO$_2$ release by leaves and woody organs accounted for 58-73％ of the gross CO$_2$ uptake across tree specimens. Annual CO$_2$ uptake per tree increased with increasing dbh (stem diameter at breast height) for the study diameter range, and was greater for Q. mongolica than for P. densiflora in the same dbh sizes. This was mainly associated with a greater total leaf area in the former. For example, the annual CO$_2$ uptake by one tree with dbh of 25 cm was 35.6 kg/yr for P. densiflora and 47.9 kg/yr for Q. mongolica. The results from this study can be applied to evaluate an atmospheric CO$_2$ reduction of woody plants by forest type and age class.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2011

This study proposes proportions of functional areas in the ward of general hospitals, which are derived from 5 big university hospitals in order to establish the ward area standard for hospital design. The results of this paper are as follows. First, functional areas of hospital ward are composed of bedroom area, nursing area, training area, service area, and common area. Of course common area can be divided into first common area and secondary common area. The first common area(inter departmental common area) includes lobbies, elevator lobbies, corridors, restroom, and mechanical shafts. The secondary common area means the common area within special department such as ward or radiology department. Second, a standard method of calculating ward areas has been proposed: the standard is based on the center line of the wall between functional areas. Third, the proportions of 6 functional areas in ward are suggested.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.5-9
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• 2005

Background and Objectives : Glottal area waveform(GAW) shows the plot of glottal area versus time through the 1 cycle. This study is designed to see how it can be applied to laryngeal patients. Material and Methods : A GAW analysis was peformed on 11 patients before and after surgery and 22 persons without laryngeal problems were recruited for control. Acoustic and aerodynamic analysis with VHI(voice handicap index) evaluation were performed. Results. Significant changes in baseline offset, gross closing rate and VHI were observed postoperatively. Other parameters were changed but insignificant. Conclusion : GAW maybe used to evaluate patient with voice problems.