• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.421-431
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• 2002

C-shaped canal configuration is very difficult to treat because that clues about preoperative canal anatomy cannot be ascertained from clinical crown morphology and limited information can be derived from radiographic examination. This study was done to get more informations about the root and canal configuration of C-shape root by 3-dimensionally reconstructing for the purpose of enhancing success rate of endodontic treatment. 30 mandibular molars with C-shaped root were selected. Six photo images from occlusal, apical, mesial, distal, buccal, lingual directions and radiographic view were taken as preoperative ones to compare them with 3-D image. After crown reduction to the level of 1-2mm over pulpal floor was performed, teeth were stored in 5.25% sodium hypochlorite solution for the removal of pulp tissue and debris. They were cleaned under running water, allowed to bench dry and embedded in a self-curing resin. This resin block was serially ground with a microtome (Accutom-50, Struers, Denmark) and the image of each level was recorded by digital camera (FinePix S1-pro, Fuji Co., Japan). The thickness of each section was 0.25mm. Photographs of serial sections through all root canal were digitized using Adobe Photoshop 5.0 and then minimum thickness of open and closed sites were measured (open site is the surface containing occluso-apical groove closed site is oppsite). After dizitization using 3-D Doctor (Able software Corp, USA). 3D reconstruction of the outer surface of tooth and the inner surface of pulp space was made. Canal classsification of C-shaped roots was performed from this 3-D reconstructed image. The results were as follows : 1. Most C-shape rooted teeth showed lingual groove (28/30). 2 According to Vertuccis' calssification, type I, II, III, IV, VII were observed. but also new canal types suck as 2-3-2, 1-2-3-2. 2-3-2-1, 2-3-2-3 were shown. 3 There was little difference in minimum thickness on coronal and apical portions, but open site were thinner than closed site on mid portion. Conclusively, 3D reconstruction method could make the exact configurations of C-shape root possible to be visualized and analyzed from multi-directions. Data from minimum thickness recommend cleaning and shaping be more carefully done on dangerous mid portion.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.796-805
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• 2005

The tilting pad journal bearings have been widely used to support high pressure/high rotating turbine rotors owing to their inherent dynamic stability characteristics. However, fatigue damages in the upper unloaded pads and the break of locking pins etc. by pad fluttering are continuously taken place in the actual steam turbines. The purpose of this paper is to develop a new bearing model that can prevent bearing problems effectively by pad fluttering in a tilting pad journal bearing. A new bearing model which has a wedged groove is suggested from the studies of fluttering mechanism performed by previously research works. The fluttering characteristics of the upper unloaded pad are studied experimentally in order to verify the reliability of a new bearing model. It can be known that the phenomenon of pad fluttering nearly does not occurred in the new bearing model under the various experimental conditions. And it is observed that any kinds of bearing failures by pad fluttering does not detect in the application of acture steam turbines.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.399-402
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• 2006

The outer race of CV(constant velocity) joint is an important load-supporting automotive part, which transmits torque between the transmission gear box and driving wheel. The outer race is difficult to forge because its shape is very complicated and the required dimensional tolerances are very small. Traditional warm and cold forging methods have their own limitations to produce such a complex shaped part; warm forging requires complex system with relatively higher manufacturing cost, while cold forging is not applicable to materials with limited formability. Therefore, multistage forging may be advantageous to produce complex shaped parts. In order to build a multistage forging system, it is necessary to characterize mechanical properties in response to system design parameters such as temperature, forging speed and reduction. For the analysis of formability of multistage forging process, finite element method(FEM) has been used for the process analysis. As a model case, a constant velocity (CV) joint forging process is analyzed by FEM, since CV joint has a complex shape and also its required dimensional tolerances are very tight. The data acquired by FEM is compared with operational forging data obtained from an industrial production line. Based on this comparative analysis, multistage forging process for CV joints is proposed.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.8 no.5 s.32
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• pp.35-45
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• 2005

The tilting pad journal bearings have been widely used to support high pressure/high rotating turbine rotors owing to their inherent dynamic stability characteristics. However, fatigue damages in the upper unloaded pads and the break of locking pins etc. by pad fluttering are continuously taken place in the actual steam turbines. The purpose of this paper is to develop a new bearing model that can prevent bearing problems effectively by pad fluttering in a tilting pad journal bearing. A new bearing model which has a wedged groove is suggested from the studies of fluttering mechanism performed by previously research works. The fluttering characteristics of the upper unloaded pad are studied experimentally in order to verify the reliability of a new bearing model. It can be known that the phenomenon of pad fluttering nearly does not occurred in the new bearing model under the various experimental conditions. And it is observed that any kinds of bearing failures by pad fluttering does not detect in the application of acture steam turbines.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.432-432
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• 2007

We studied optical simulation method for ultra slim backlight system. We designed 0.7mm thickness light guide plate and combined 48 white color LEDs for 12 inch wide size TFT-LCD. We designed flat shape PMMA light guide plate with both side patterned. It have vertical prism shape on upper side and ellipse dot pattern on the other side. We targeted 4500 nit brightness and uniform emission characteristic without hot spot or dark area. At first, we designed uniform emission area with more high brightness in center area and then, debugged light entering hot spot zone and direction of outgoing light flux. Although it was designing step, we obtained good result with reverse prism optical sheet and it had good repeatability because it was based on the stamper method in injection process without laser engraving or micro groove engraving method.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.89-94
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• 1993

The tooth size and shape of the permanent incisor teeth have been studied and analyzed about the mean size, S.D, S.E, etcs and percentage from stone model of 100 Korean male and 74 Korean female. The results were as follows. 1. The crown length of permanent incisor teeth were longer in males than in females statistical differences of males and female were not found. 2. the mesio-distal diameters of permanent incisor teeth were larger in males than in females and statistical differences of males and females were found in mandibular lateral incisor and the bigest were max. central incisor, 2nd max. lateral incisor, 3rd man. lateral incisor and the smallest were man. central incisor. 3. The square form in max. central incisor was the greatest percentage and the tapering form in max. lateral incisor and man, incisor was the greatest percentage but tapering form and ovoid form and other shape were found in max. lateral at the same ratio. 4. Concerning the labial developmental groove "midium" was the greatest percentage in the max. central incisor and "low" was the greatest percentage in the man incisor. Concerning the incisal line, straight line was the greatest percentage in the max, incisor and man, incisor and concerning the lingual tubercle "none" was the greatest percentage in the max. incisor. 5. In comparison between left side and right side of incisor, the ratio of same shape ware 22.4%-36.2% but similar or dissimilar cases were more frequently found.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.91-97
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• 2019

Rotating machining unit is a revolutionary product that can process worm shaft or spiral shaft with fast and precise, a rotary type cutting tool, which is attached to automatic lathe and processes spiral groove on outer circumference of round bar. In this work, a study on micro tooth shape modification method of driving gear train in the rotating machining unit was presented. To observe the effect on power transmission characteristics of the driving gear pair, visualize the gear meshing condition and the load distribution on the gear teeth by using the professional gear train analysis program RomaxDesigner. By comparing the repeated analysis results, the effect of micro tooth shape modification on power transmission characteristics on driving gear can be summarized. The optimized gears were fabricated and measured by precision tester as a validation in this research.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2014

RP(Rapid prototyping) technology is widely used to reduce the cost and cycle time of new prototypes in industries as new product development cycle time currently shortened and the voice of customers also become to be diversified. In this study, RP skill used in making jewelry products was adapted to develop the metallic inlaying base of traditional handicraft products as the significance of CAD/CAM technologies was increased. The RP technology showed that it helped the handicraftsman to cut the groove for inlaying metalic wire more easily, uniformly and diversely than conventional handicraft technique in making the groove with undercut shape. Therefore this study showed that RP technology applied for the metalic inlaying base achieved more elaborate, intricate and uniform patterns, not depending on craftsmanship, compared with conventional handicraft skill in terms of quality, cost and delivery.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.159-163
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• 2005

This experimental study was performed to investigate internal flow and unsteady flow characteristics using a model for actual shape of a plate heat exchanger and visualization of flow through the particle image velocimetry. Seven Reynolds numbers were selected by calculation with the height of grooved channel and sectional mean velocity of inlet flow in the experiment, and instantaneous velocity distributions and flow characteristics were experimently investigated. The triangular grooved channel had a compound flow consisting of the flow in lower channel and the groove flow receiving shear stress by the channel flow in the experiment. The sheared mixing layer, in the boundary between the triangular groove and the channel, affected main flow to raise turbulent in the channel.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.103-112
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• 2020

This study explores the effects of different pre-machining conditions on the deposition characteristics and mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steel samples repaired using direct energy deposition (DED). In the DED repair process, defects such as pores and cracks can occur at the interface between the substrate and deposited material. In this study, we varied the shape of the pre-machined zone for repair in order to prevent cracks from occurring at the slope surface. After repairs by the DED process, macro-scale cracks were observed in samples that had been pre-machined with elliptic and trapezoidal grooves. In addition, it was not possible to completely prevent micro-crack generation on the sloped interfaces, even in the capsule-type grooved sample. From observation of the fracture surfaces, it was found that the cracks around the inclined interface were due to a lack of fusion between the substrate and the powder material, which led to low tensile properties. The specimen with the capsule-type groove provided the highest tensile strength and elongation (respective of 46% and 571% compared to the trapezoidal grooved specimen). However, the tensile properties were degraded compared to the non-repaired specimen (as-hot rolled material). The fracture characteristics of the repaired specimens were determined by the cracks at the sloped interfaces. These cracks grew and coalesced with each other to form macro-cracks, they then coalesced with other cracks and propagated to the substrate, causing final fracture.