• Title/Summary/Keyword: Groin flap

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Extended medial sural artery perforator free flap for groin and scrotal reconstruction

  • Teven, Chad M.;Yu, Jason W.;Zhao, Lee C.;Levine, Jamie P.
    • Archives of Plastic Surgery
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    • v.47 no.4
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    • pp.354-359
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    • 2020
  • The medial sural artery perforator (MSAP) flap is a versatile fasciocutaneous flap that has been used successfully in the reconstruction of defects across the body. In specific cases, it may prove superior to more commonly used options (e.g., anterolateral thigh flap and radial forearm free flap). Historically, a disadvantage of the MSAP flap is the relatively small surface area it provides for reconstruction. We recently encountered a patient with extensive pelvic injuries from prior trauma resulting in significant scarring and contracture of the groin, tethering of the penis, and loss of the scrotum and one testicle. The patient was unable to achieve erection from tethering and his remaining testicle had been buried in the thigh. In considering the reconstructive options, he was not a suitable candidate for a thigh-based or forearm-based flap. An extended MSAP flap measuring 25 cm×10 cm was used for resurfacing of the groin and pelvis as well as for the formation of a neoscrotum. This report is the first to document an MSAP flap utilized for simultaneous groin resurfacing and scrotoplasty. Additionally, the dimensions of this flap make it the largest recorded MSAP flap to date.

Indications and Prognostic Factors of Groin Flap for Reconstruction of the Extremities (사지 재건에 있어 서혜부 유리 피판술의 적응증 및 예후 인자)

  • Kim, Bo-Ram;Hahn, Soo-Bong;Kang, Ho-Chung;Choi, Yun-Rak;Kim, Sun-Yong
    • Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.41-48
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    • 2009
  • There are several advantages for groin flap, but its small and unpredictable vessels of pedicle have made it to lose its initial popularity. Although it would be ideal flap when it is focused on its useful advantages such as relative larger size, low donor site morbidity and possible bone graft, there have been few studies for prognostic factors for successful groin flap. Authors intended to determine prognostic factors which are relative with success of free groin flap. From January 1985 to December 2007, 107 patients who underwent groin flap for reconstruction of extremities were selected consecutively. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to determine prognostic factors which were related with success of groin flap. Eighty of 107 (74.8%) flaps survived. There was significant difference in success rate according to the recipient site. Nineteen of 20 cases (95%) survived in upper extremities, but 61 of 87 cases (70.1%) survived in lower extremities, which was statistically significant (p=0.022). Univariate analysis showed that mean diameter of donor veins was significantly larger in success group (p=0.021). Groin flap is recommended for reconstruction of upper extremities than lower extremities. It is thought to be critical that surgeons try to match vessel diameters between donor and recipient site.

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Reconstruction of Penile and Long Urethral Defect Using a Groin Flap

  • Hwang, So-Min;Lim, On;Kim, Hyung-Do;Shin, Dong-Gil
    • Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.19-24
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    • 2016
  • Urethral reconstruction is a problematic issue, thus its management can be challenging. Different methods using various materials were introduced for urethral reconstruction. The authors have made some changes in the groin flap surgery, affording more successful urethral reconstruction for defects of long urethra and penile soft tissue. A 45-year-old male requested both functional and cosmetic reconstruction of his defected penis, caused by an iatrogenic urethral injury and chronic infection following removal of paraffin self-injected on the penile shaft. The defect affected the full length of the penile urethra, corpus spongiosum, and prepuce. A groin flap was designed, measuring $28{\times}10cm$. The most distal flap was utilized for the construction of the luminal surface of the neourethra; relaxed length measuring 8 cm, and the lumen wide enough. Competent external meatus and neourethra was confirmed by retrograde cystogram and the patient voided with sufficient urine caliber up to 2 years follow-up. This operative technique has advantages. Donor sites have non-hair bearing skin for the neourethra and minimal or almost notrecognizable donor site morbidity. After surgery, the patient was relieved from voiding difficulties combined with psychological stress. The author would like to introduce a unique approach for the urethral and ventral phalloplasty using the groin flap.

Staged Reconstruction of the Mangled Hand with the Combined Use of Pedicled Groin Flap and Free Wrap Around Flap (광범위 수부 손상에서 서혜부 유경피판과 유리 포장주위피판을 이용한 단계적 무지 재건술)

  • Roh, Young-Hak;Chung, Moon-Sang;Baek, Goo-Hyun;Lee, Young-Ho;Gong, Hyun-Sik;Rhee, Seung-Hwan;Lee, Ye-Hyun
    • Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.62-66
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    • 2009
  • Purpose: Despite the free tissue transfer using microsurgical technique being the current trend of soft tissue reconstruction of the hand, the pedicled groin flap has the advantage to provide coverage for the mangled hand without necessitating the use of a damaged arterial system and also providing the benefit of saving the arterial system for later free tissue transfer. This report presents the author's experience using pedicled groin flap in four cases of mangled hands with massive bone and soft tissue defects requiring later thumb reconstruction with the free wrap around flap. Materials and methods: The patients' age ranged from 30 to 51 years; three patients were male and one was female. The causes of mangled hand included two machinery crush injuries, one laboratory explosion and one motor vehicle accident. While evaluating the post-operative results, factors like flap survival, complications, stability in opposition, pinch power and 2 point discrimination were taken into account. Results: All massive soft tissue defects of the hands were completely covered with pedicled groin flap successfully. The reconstructed thumb using free wrap around flap did not have any limitation in opposition. There was no occurrence of post-operative infection and all the flaps survived completely. The average pinch power was 70% of the contralateral intact thumb and average 2 point discrimination was 10 mm. Conclusion: The pedicled groin flap for the reconstruction of the massive soft tissue defects of the hand with subsequent reconstruction of the thumb with a wrap around flap is a very useful procedure. The combined use of pedicled groin flap and wrap around flap allows adequate coverage of sizable soft tissue defects and functional thumb opposition in cases of reconstruction of the mangled hands.

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Use of the Anterolateral Thigh and Vertical Rectus Abdominis Musculocutaneous Flaps as Utility Flaps in Reconstructing Large Groin Defects

  • Aslim, Edwin Jonathan;Rasheed, Mohamed Zulfikar;Lin, Fangbo;Ong, Yee-Siang;Tan, Bien-Keem
    • Archives of Plastic Surgery
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    • v.41 no.5
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    • pp.556-561
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    • 2014
  • Background Groin dissections result in large wounds with exposed femoral vessels requiring soft tissue coverage, and the reconstructive options are diverse. In this study we reviewed our experience with the use of the pedicled anterolateral thigh and vertical rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flaps in the reconstruction of large groin wounds. Methods Groin reconstructions performed over a period of 10 years were evaluated, with a mean follow up of two years. We included all cases with large or complex (involving perineum) defects, which were reconstructed with the pedicled anterolateral thigh musculocutaneous or the vertical rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (VRAM) flaps. Smaller wounds which were covered with skin grafts, locally based flaps and pedicled muscle flaps were excluded. Results Twenty-three reconstructions were performed for large or complex groin defects, utilising the anterolateral thigh (n=10) and the vertical rectus abdominis (n=13) pedicled musculocutaneous flaps. Femoral vein reconstruction with a prosthetic graft was required in one patient, and a combination flap (VRAM and gracilis muscle flap) was performed in another. Satisfactory coverage was achieved in all cases without major complications. No free flaps were used in our series. Conclusions The anterolateral thigh and vertical rectus abdominis pedicled musculocutaneous flaps yielded consistent results with little morbidity in the reconstruction of large and complex groin defects. A combination of flaps can be used in cases requiring extensive cover.

Groin flap and Neurovascular island flap for Reconstruction of the Thumb (서혜부 피판과 신경혈관 도서형 피판을 이용한 무지 재건술)

  • Jin, Jin-Woo;Kim, Chong-Kwan;Park, Chan-Wan;Lee, Young-Ho;Kwak, Wan-Sub;Jung, Sung-Weon
    • Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.152-156
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    • 2005
  • Purpose: We reconstructed the thumb with groin flap combined with secondary heterodigital neurovascular island flap and report our 6 cases. Materials and Methods: Between March 2003 and August 2004, 6 degloving thumbs or amputation of thumbs were reconstructed with groin flap combined with secondary heterodigital neurovascular island flap. There ware 4 men and 2 women, and mean age was 42.2 years. The following parameters were evaluated. Results: Recipient thumb was no limitation of apposition. but flexion contracture of interphalangeal joint was about 10 degree in two cases. Average grip power were 80% and average pinch power were 70% that of the normal thumb. The two point discrimination was average 10.5 mm and double sensibility in 2 cases. 2 patients have cold intolerance. Neuroma formation was not made. Cosmetic results as judged by patients were that 4 cases are good and 2 cases are fair. Conclusion: If massive skin defect after degloving thumb or amputation of thumb are present, we consider the numerous methods for reconstruction of thumb. This surgical procedure is good methods because of it's pliability, sensation, satisfactory functional results but major disadvantage are the staged operation and cosmetic effect of the absence of thumb nail.

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The Free Vascularized Groin Flap for the Reconstruction of Extremity (사지재건을 위한 서혜부 유리피부편 이식술)

  • Hahn, Soo-Bong;Park, Young-Hee;Kang, Ho-Jung
    • Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 1998
  • From January 1985 to February 1997, 96 patients had undergone the free vascularized groin flap on the upper and lower extremities with microsurgical technique at the department of orthopaedic surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine. The results were as follows: 1. Average age at the time of operation was 24.9 years. and there were 71 men and 25 women and mean follow up was 62.4 months. 2. The lesion site was 82 cases on the lower extremity: foot(40), leg(20), ankle(13), and 14 cases on the upper extremity: forearm(6), elbow(3), hand(3), wrist(2). 3. The anatomical classification of the superficial circumflex iliac artery was as follows: 1) 39.8% of common origin with superficial inferior epigastric artery, 2) 30.1% of isolated origin and absent superficial inferior epigastric artery, 3) 13.3% of separate origin, 4) 16.9% of origin from the deep femoral artery. 4. There was no statistical significance on arterial anastomosis between end to end and end to side, and on venous anastomosis(end to end) between one vein and two veins. 5. The success rate was average 84.4% in 81 of 96 cases. 6. In the 15 failed cases, the additional procedures were performed: 5 cases of free vascularized scapular flap, 6 cases of full thickness skin graft, 2 cases of cross leg flap, 1 case of latissimus dorsi flap, 1 case of split thickness skin graft. In conclusion, the free vascularized groin flap can be considered as the treatment of choice for the reconstruction of the extensive soft tissue injury on the extremities, and show the higher success rate with the experienced surgeon.

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Facial Reconstruction Using Groin Dermo-Fat Free Flap in Romberg's Disease: Case Report (Romberg병 소아에서 서혜부 진피-지방 유리피판을 이용한 안면부 재건례)

  • Lee, Yoon Jung;Kim, Jun Sik;Kim, Nam Gyun;Lee, Kyung Suk
    • Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.43-47
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    • 2011
  • Purpose: Romberg's disease manifests as progressive hemifacial atrophy of the skin, soft tissue and bone, which usually begins in the first or second decade of life. When present, atrophy may originate from the cutaneous stigmata and may become so sharply delimited by the midline. Methods: A 10-year-old girl, who had suffered from right mandibular area atrophy for 3 years, visited us and was diagnosed with Romberg's disease. The depressed lesion of the face was augmented successfully using a deepithelialized groin free flap. The superficial circumflex iliac vessels were used as the donor pedicle and the facial artery and vein were used as the recipient vessels. Results: After surgery, the flap survived well and she was satisfied with the result. Although there are various methods of facial augmentation using free flaps, this flap has some advantages. First, there is a considerable amount of fat tissue components for augmentation. Second, flap elevation with thinning is possible. Third, the donor site can be hidden. Conclusion: The groin dermo-fat free flap is a good method for the facial augmentation of Romberg's disease.

The Effect of Low Molecular Weight Heparin on Groin Flap Transplantation in Rat (저분자량 헤파린이 쥐 서혜부 유리피판 이식술에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Jun-Mo;Lee, Gang-Wook;Lee, Dong-Geun
    • Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.77-81
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    • 1993
  • Free tissue transplantation is commonly performed with the brilliant achievement in microsurgery and anticoagulants and antithrombotic agents have been prescribed in the procedures. However, there is no clean-cut indication as to which agents would be more effective in every steps and final consequences. Low molecular weight heparins inhibiting coagulation in plateletrich plasma and acting on the vascular endothelium have antithrombotic and fibrinolysis action. The experiment with rat groin free flap transplantation after 6-hour ischemia and injection of the low molecular weight heparin was performed and the results between the injection and non-injection group were analysed as follows, 1. Both of the 24-hour groups, vessel patency was not proportional to color change of the groin flap. 2. On the second day after anastomois, heparin-injection group showed intact intima, patent lumen without thrombus, and mild granulomatous inflammation around the suture material and control group with doubtful patency revealed intimal loss and thrombus formation. 3. On the 5th, 7th, and 9th postoperative day, heparin group was patent in anastomosis and showed acute inflammatory cells. 4. The 7th-week period, heparin-injection group showed intact flap color, patent lumen with intact intima and persistent foreign body granuloma.

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Pedicled Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flap for Treatment of Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa-Associated Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the Groin - Case Report - (심부하복벽동맥 천공지 유경 피판을 이용한 이영양성 수포성 표피박리증에 합병된 서혜부 편평 세포 상피암의 치료 - 증례 보고 -)

  • Kim, Kyung-Pil;Kim, Ji-Hoon;Kim, Eui-Sik;Hwang, Jae-Ha;Kim, Kwang-Seog;Lee, Sam-Yong
    • Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.97-100
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    • 2010
  • Purpose: Epidermolysis bullosa is a rare genetic disease, characterized by the presence of extremely fragile skin and formation of recurrent blister resulting from even a minor mechanical injury. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is recognized as a complication of the chronic scarring associated with dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB). When a soft tissue defect happens in a patient with epidermolysis bullosa, it is difficult to cover it with a skin graft or a flap. We describe the successful use of a pedicled deep inferior epigastric perforator flap for the reconstruction of SCC associated with DEB in the groin. Methods: A 29-year-old man diagnosed with DEB at birth sustained an ulcer increasing in the right groin for the last 7 months. Under general anesthesia, the mass lesion and lymph nodes were removed and the resulting defect was covered with a pedicled deep inferior epigastric perforator flap. Results: The flap survived completely and his postoperative course was uneventful. Histopathological examination revealed a SCC in the right groin and malignant tumor cells in the removed lymph nodes as well. Additional positron emission tomogram showed a malignant lesion in the ileocecal area with regional lymph node metastasis. The patient was referred to an oncologist for chemotheraphy, but the patient refused to take it. During a 4-month follow-up period, there was no recurrence in the right groin. Conclusion: We suggest that perforator flaps can be considered as a reliable alternative for the reconstruction of soft tissue defects in a patient with DEB.

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