• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.143-151
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• 2005

목적: 가톨릭대학교 성빈센트병원 호스피스팀에서는 사별가족들에 대한 지지로서 해마다 사별가족모임 및 추모제를 실시해왔다. 호스피스 환자 및 사별가족의 어려움, 욕구, 대처양상, 품위 있는 임종에 대한 견해에 대해서는 선행연구가 진행되어 왔으나, 사별가족모임에 참석한 가족들의 태도에 대한 선행연구는 찾기가 어려웠다. 최근 1년 이내에 사별 경험이 있는 가족을 중심으로 견해조사를 실시하면서, 향후 사별가족지지프로그램에 대한 욕구와 보완점 파악, 객관적 기준을 마련하기 위해 본 연구를 시작하였다. 방법: 2003년 11월부터 2004년 10월까지 12개월 동안 성빈센트병원 호스피스 병동에서 임종한 사별가족 180가족들에게 초대장을 발송하였고, 사별가족모임에 참석한 22가족에게 설문지 조사하였고, 전화연결된 가족 18가족에 대해서는 연구자 1인이 전화설문을 시행하였다. 설문지는 일반적인 사항을 제하고는 개방형 질문으로 조사하였다. 결과: 총 응답자의 평균연령은 56세($16{\sim}79$세)였고, 남자(3명), 여자(37명)이었다. 고인과의 관계는, 아내(22명), 남편(5명), 어머니(4명), 딸(4명), 시어머니(1명), 아들(1명), 형제자매(1명), 며느리(1명), 형수(1명)이었다. 임종 후 경과기간은 $1{\sim}3$개월(17명), $4{\sim}6$개월(12명), $7{\sim}9$개월(4명), $10{\sim}12$개월(7명)이었다. 고인이 품위 있는 임종을 했다고 생각하는 가족은 36명이었고, 4명은 그렇지 않다고 생각하였다. 품위 있는 임종이라고 생각하는 이유로는 '준비된 죽음을 맞이했기 때문에'(16명)가 가장 많았고, '편안한 임종을 하셨기에'(7명)가 다음으로 많았다. 품위 있는 임종의 정의에 대한 견해는 '영적으로 안녕한 상태에서 임종하는 것'(9명), '신체적 안녕'(7명), '심리사회적안녕'(7명), 무응답자(16명)이었다. 21명의 가족들이 '아직은 슬픔을 극복하는 데 어려움이 있다.' 라고 하였고, 사별 후 가장 어려운 점은, 참석가족들은 '외로움'(7명), '우울감'(10면)이나, 비참석가족들은 '외로움(7명)', '경제적 문제/역할수행상의 어려움'(7명)의 빈도였다. 대처방법에서는, '영적 승화'(13명), '일상생활에의 몰두'(10명), '애도과정에의 몰입(계속 슬퍼함)'(3명)으로 응답하였다. 병원으로부터 사별가족모임의 초대장을 받았을 때의 느낌에 대해서는 '반가움과 고마움'(21명), '슬픔'(4명), '괴로움'(4명), 무응답(11명)이었다. 비 참석 가족들은 '반가움과 고마움'(4명)이었다. 사별가족 모임 참석에 대한 망설임의 유무와 이유에 대해서는, '망설이지 않았다'(34명)가 '망설였다'(6명)보다 높게 나타났다. 사별가족모임에 참석한 후의 소감, 개선사항, 아쉬운 점에 대한 질문에는, 대부분의 응답자들이 '의미 있는 시간이었다', '사별가족에 대한 배려와 관심에 대해 감사한다.'라는 긍정적인 응답이 있었고, '고인에 대한 회상을 할 수 있는 자리여서 좋았다.' '사별가족모임이 일년에 한 번이 아니라 계속적으로 있었으면 한다.', '한편은 슬프고 한편은 기쁘다.' 등의 의견이 있었다. 사별 후 느끼는 가장 큰 어려움에 대해 참석가족은, '우울감'(10명), '외로움'(7명)의 빈도가 높았고, '그리움'(1명), '경제적/역할상 어려움'(4명), 무응답(6명)으로, '우울감'이 가장 큰 어려움으로 나타났다. 반면에, 비참석 가족에서는, 가장 큰 어려움은 '경제적/역할상 어려움'(6명), '외로움'(5명), '우울감'(3명), '후회감'(1명), '고인에 대한 원망감'(1명), '특별히 어려움이 없다'(1명)라고 답하였다. 결론: 호스피스 서비스를 경험한 사별가족들은 고인이 품위 있는 임종을 맞이하였다고 생각하는 견해가 높았고, 그 이유가 준비된 죽음을 맞이하였기 때문이라는 견해였다. 이는 호스피스 서비스가 품위 있는 임종에 도움이 됨을 시사한다. 본 연구조사에서 임종 후 $1{\sim}3$개월 이내의 사별가족들이 사별모임에의 참석빈도가 가장 높았다. 사별 후 슬픔을 극복하기에 아직 어려움을 겪고 있는 가족들이 가장 많았다. 그들이 겪는 가장 큰 어려움은 외로움이고, 이에 대해 영적 승화, 일상생활에 몰두로 극복하고자 노력하는 경향이나, 애도과정 자체에 몰입한다는 견해도 있었고, 사별가족모임에 대한 반응은 반가움과 고마움이 높았으면서도 모임참석에 망설이지 않는 경향이 높으면서도 실제 참석도는 전체 임종자 가족에 비해 낮았다. 사별가족모임에 비참석한 가족들은 참석한 가족들보다 경제적/역할 어려움을 더 느끼는 경향이나, 응답자 전체수가 적기에 일반화를 내리기에는 한계가 있다. 따라서 향후 연구에서 사별가족 모임에의 참석에 대한 망설임 요인, 요구도에 대한 추가 조사를 통해 객관적 기준을 마련하는 것을 추후 연구 과제로 삼아야겠다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.688-700
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• 2004

Dongmugong(東武公) advanced seven-feeling theory of Danguea(丹溪) and spirit-action theory of Buddhism. Sasang Constitutional Medicine has big three ideological base; phylosophy of the human nature, natural laws and the doctrines of Wangyangming(王陽明). In Dongyuisusebowon(東醫壽世保元), it is insisted that one's nature(性) and feelings(情) influenced to change his or her external form and the function of the internal organs. According to Dongyuisusebowon, the metabolism of human body is influenced by the actions of the nature(性) and the feelings(情). Also, sometimes, people get sick because of the disharmony of them. Of course, the concept of the nature(性) and the feelings(情) is different from a general idea. In Dongyuisusebowon, the nature(性) is made up of the intelligence(智), the courtesy(禮), the integrity(義), and the affection(仁). It is same with the feelings(情). The feelings(情), according to Sasang Constitutional Medicine, is composed of grief(哀), anger(怒), pleasure(喜), and enjoyment(樂). Dongmugong explained those in his writings and we got to know that the physiology and pathology of Sasang Constitutional Medicine could be explained by the interactions of twelve elements of the earth(十二地支). Symptoms and signs in his books can be explained by the same mechanism in Sanghanlon(傷寒論), but these of each constitution could be seen different one because of the different characteristics of Sasangin(四象人)

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.445-459
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• 2020

본 연구는 관계상실 경험자의 사건중심성이 의미재구성에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 탈중심화의 매개효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 전국 범위로 관계상실을 경험한 20세 이상 성인남녀 295명(남 109명, 여 186명)을 대상으로 상실경험 관련 질문지, 사건중심성 척도, 탈중심화 척도 및 애도에 대한 의미재구성 척도를 사용해 설문 조사를 실시하였고, SPSS 22.0 프로그램을 사용하여 매개효과를 검증하였다. 연구 결과, 첫째로 사건중심성과 탈중심화는 의미재구성과 정적 상관을 보였다. 둘째, 탈중심화가 사건중심성과 의미재구성을 완전 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 사건중심성에서 의미재구성으로 가는 직접 경로는 유의하지 않았고, 사건중심성이 탈중심화를 매개할 경우에만 의미재구성에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구의 제한점과 후속 연구를 위한 제언을 논의하였다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.280-293
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• 2014

본 연구는 강점관점을 토대로 학령 전 발달장애아를 둔 어머니의 적응유연성이 양육스트레스에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 하였다. 연구대상은 서울시 소재 어린이집 및 복지관에 다니는 학령 전 발달장애 자녀를 둔 어머니이며, 수집된 자료 중 170부가 최종 분석되었다. SPSS 18.0을 이용하여 분석한 결과, 첫째, 발달장애아 어머니의 적응유연성은 보통 수준 이상이었으며, 하위차원별 점수는 사회적 자원이 가장 높고, 다음으로 성격구조화, 사회적 성취, 개인의 강점, 미래에 대한 인식, 가족응집력의 순이었다. 둘째, 조사대상자의 양육스트레스는 5점 만점에 2.71점으로 보통 이하였으며, 하위차원별로는 부모의 고통이 가장 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 발달장애아 어머니의 적응유연성과 양육스트레스는 부적 상관관계를 보였으며, 회귀분석 결과 장애자녀 적응행동과 적응유연성 중 미래인식, 개인의 강점, 사회적 자원의 세 가지 하위 차원이 양육스트레스에 유의미한 영향을 주는 요인이었다. 넷째, 장애자녀 및 어머니의 일반적 특성보다는 어머니의 적응유연성 관련 변인들이 양육스트레스를 설명하는 데 있어 더 중요한 예측변수로 나타났다.

• 종양간호연구
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.143-153
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• 2004

Death of spouse is the most heartbreaking stressful and inevitable tragic life event. In middle aged men who belong to the social middle class and accomplished their occupational success, experiences of spousal bereavement are great shock. The aim of this study was to find out how they overcome their mental and physical pain and to obtain the basic materials to develop suitable nursing care programs for them. The methodological approach of this study is Giorgi's phenomenological analysis meaning unit. This method also makes theme focal meaning, situated structural description and create general structural description grasped by participator's experience through situated structure description. This study performed from November 2002 to May 2004, and participators were four men. Data collected through in-depth personal interviews. which had been tapped and analysed the Giorgi's method. Finally, the five focal meaning below have been abstracted. Theme 1. Physical symptom loss of appetite, fatigue, insomnia. outbreak of illness, weight loss. Theme 2. life of spiritless lack of desire, sense of emptiness, unstableness, prosaic life. wandering. indifference of appearances, avoidance of meeting people. Theme 3. life of retrospction reflection for his wife, yearning, grief, muttering to himself, never-to-be forgotten wife, leading a lonely life. Theme 4. negative emotion reproaching, feeling hurt, marriage of daughter, feeling heavy, getting angry, sexual desire, awareness of his sinfulness. loneliness Theme 5. social support and adjustment getting his wife off his mind, curring favor with children, support and consolation by his daughter-in-law, appreciation for hospice nurse, considering remarriage, taking care of himself, good relation with his children. The result of this study showed that middle aged men bereaved of their wife by cancer need other's concern. And we have to study further to understand their experience. Until now hospice nursing is concentrated on cancer patients But from now we have to provide their families suitable nursing care programs to adjust themselves to social life before and after death of patients.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.38-50
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• 2016

Introduction: Geriatric depression is one of the significant mental health issues for older people. This descriptive study aimed to investigate the correlation between selected factors and depression among older people, living in homes for the aged in the western part of Thailand. Methods: 107 older people, living in two homes for the aged of the western part of Thailand were recruited to the study, using cluster sampling. Three questionnaires, including the Barthel Index Activity of Daily living (BADL), the Thai Geriatric Depression Scale (TGDS), and personal characteristics, perceived health status, chronic diseases, family relationship, and recent grief and loss experience were used. The quality of all questionnaires, especially the reliability of BADL, TGDS, and selected factors (e.g., health factors) were 0.95, 0.93, and 0.72 respectively. After finishing data collection, percentages, medians, and Spearman's rank correlation and Mann-Whitney U were used to analyze the data. Results and discussion: The results revealed that nearly half (41.1%) of older people suffered from depression. Furthermore, income, perceived health status, and Barthel ADL index were significantly negatively associated with depression at p<0.01; whereas, the number of chronic diseases was significantly positively associated with depression at p<0.05. Conclusion: results on the correlation may guide the practice in the future. For example, the officers or health care providers in homes for the aged should encourage older people to be independent, improve their perceived health status, increase health promoting behaviors to prevent or delay chronic illnesses, or increase older people incomes by promoting the appropriate occupation.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.115-127
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• 1990

The Korean have admired and lived with decorums through Jeol, a representative practical formality which expresses the decorums intensively. Jeol is the way of greeting native to Korea and an intangible culture close to Korean life style. To be remained as a culture, the traditional propriety Jeol should reconcile to the present life feflecting our history. On this viewpoint, the purpose of this research is to furnish the authority of the creative inheritance on the settlement of Jeol and other decorums suitable to the present. This research is consisted of 1) the study of the meaning of Jeol and 2) the hidtorical research through records. 'Jurye' is regarded as the oldest literature on the systematic explanation about Jeol and has been very often used down the ages. Jindong in 'Jurye' and Kodu in 'Karyejipram' are the same Jeol which expresses the grief in funeral rites. In 'Seonghosaseol', Abae which stands one knee is explained and investigated as the case of offense by the literature. And it is also interpreated as a Jeol with respect, while many other Jeol is to fall an both of kness, Abae is not performed generally. 'Yeki' has brief explanation about Kongsu Manner (to hold hands), Jeol between the king and minister, host and guest, Buinbae, Jeol in custom, wedding ceremony and funeral ceremony and Jeol in drinking manner. In 'Chunchukongyangjeon'. there is the explanation about Jeol of the minister who comes back after his duty to the king. 'Sunjajiphae' interprets Bae and Kyesang and informs that Kuesu is the most respectful Jeol only to the king, 'Seojeon' proves the Jeol habitually used in all kinds of ceremonies and etiquettes. 'Jeongbomunheonbigo' introduces the custom of Jeol in Shilla, Koguryo, Buyeo, Koryo eras by using literature and shows the commoness of both kneeling down generally. The result of this research has the meaning for the creation of life culture in the basis of the spirit 'Onkojisin'(reviewing the old and learning the new) by establishing the present Jeol with tradition.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.5-14
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• 1997

This paper documents a study of the physiology of the lung. The aim of this paper is to better comprehend the physiological function of lung. To this end, the relationship between the physiological function of the lung and the characteristics of the 'Keum Un Qi Hua'(金運氣化), and the functional changes of the lung and its surrounding physiological systems have been studied in their relationship to the concept of the organism as a whole. The results of this study are as follows; The function of the lung is comprehended as corresponding to the 'Keum Un Qi Hua'. In visceral phenomenon, the lung has specific relations with the large intestine(大腸), nase(鼻), skin and hair(皮毛), sweat gland(汗孔), nasal mucus(涕), spirit(氣魄), grief and melancholy(憂 悲), the lung channel of hand-taiyin(手太陰肺經), the large intestine channel of hand-yangming(手陽明大腸經). This is called ‘the physiological systems of the lung’, and because these mutual relations reflect the functional changes of the lung, it is applied as the elementary knowledge to diagnose and treat the lung. For instance, a deficiency of the 'Qi‘ of the lung brings on an unconsolidated defending energy whose manifestations are sweating spontaneously as well as being susceptible to the common cold due to a diability in fighting against external pathogenic factors. Invasion of the lung by external pathogenic factors blocks the movement of the 'Qi' of the lung, which results in nasal obstraction. watery nasal discharge and a hyposmia. So the physiological functions and pathological changes of the lung can be determined by observing ’the physiological systems of the lung‘ based on the precepts of oriental medicine. As a result, the function of the lung is to be understood based on the characteristics of the 'Keum Un Qi Hua'. Furthermore we can know that the physiological systems of the lung mirrors the functional changes of the lung.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1337-1348
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• 2009

This study was conducted to determine major factors underweight and obesity by comparing and analyzing dietary habits, exercise and weight control of obesity and underweight of Adolescents. The subjects were 26,039 students and they were divided according Body Mass Index(BMI). The collected data was analyzed through frequency, percentage, chi-square test. The results were as follows. 1) Among the male students 67.3%, 32.7% and among the female ones 82.7% and 17.3% were included in the underweight and the obese groups, respectively. 2) For dietary habits, the rate of skipping breakfast(12.5%, 13.6%) was considerably higher than those of skipping lunch and dinner. 3) The females and the obese group received more stress, felt more unhappiness, grief, depression and thought more suicide than the males and the underweight group, respectively. 4) The underweight group had higher rate of strengthening exercise of males and females. 5) For self-recognized body shape, while in the underweight group had a wrong image of their body shape, while more males in the obese group had a distorted self body image. 6) Measures to control weight were regular exercise, reduced amount of diet, and the obese group controled their weight more actively than the underweight group of the male and the female students. 7) From these results, appropriate mental health programs and education programs about health knowledge, properly self-recognized body shape and measures to control weight were considered to be necessary.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제12궈1호
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• pp.11-27
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• 2001

In oriental medicine, from old times, psychological therapy has been regarded as physical therapy that has been inseparable from psychological therapy. The major objects for oriental psychological therapy is human emotions. Human emotions can be put in the seven feelings(七精) that include Joy(善), Anger(怒), Grief(思), Pity(悲), Fear(恐), Surprise(驚). The seven feelings are connected with human physiology. If each of the seven feelings if excessive, human physiology loses its valance. So the seven feelings are major causes of diseases. The specific character of oriental neuropsychiatry is to make use of the seven feelings in clinical treatment. These oriental neuropsychiatry therapies are performed through consultation with the patient. Of these therapies, Oh-Ji-Sang-Seung(五志相勝療法) is based on the theo교 of interrelation in five elements(metal, wood, water, fire, and earth) in oriental medicine. Specially the sequential subjugations of the five emotions are applied. The contents of Oh-Ji-Sang-Seung(五志相勝療法) include five subjugations of five emotions. Anxiety subjugates fear(思勝恐), fear subjugates joy(恐勝喜), joy subjugates pity(喜勝悲), pity subjugates anger(悲勝怒) and anger subjugates anxiety(怒勝思). The psychological therapy of Oh-Ji-Sang-Seung(五志相勝療法) can be applied in all area of neuropsychiatry. These days, many mental diseases such as Panic Disorder, Depression Somatoform disorders, and negative symptoms of Schizophrenia have been improved by Oh-Ji-Sang-Seung(五志相勝療法) therapy. Here, we present the treatment cases applied Oh-Ji-Sang-Seung(五志相勝療法) therapy in oriental medicine quoted from old oriental books and the latest treatment cases. Moreover, we hope that many oriental therapist will treat many different patients with mental disorders by Oh-Ji-Sang-Seung(五志相勝療法) therapy.