• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.311-322
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• 2016

This study reduced and built Street Canyons created by skyscrapers in order to verify effect of Street Canyons by green wall within the city centre and analysed influence factors on temperature reduction according to applicative types of green wall in the lab. Applicative types were divided into three types such as non- greening type(Case A), one-side greening type(Case B), both side greening type(Case C). The result of analysis of each types showed that average temperature of Case B and Case C is respectively $1.0^{\circ}C$ and $1.7^{\circ}C$ lower than Case A. The result of analysis of WBGT was that the highest temperature was given by Case A($40.2^{\circ}C$) and second one was from Case B($39.8^{\circ}C$) and third one was from ($39.1^{\circ}C$) and in UTCI Case A records the highest temperature of $34.7^{\circ}C$ and Case B provided the second highest temperature of $33.9^{\circ}C$ and Case B gave the lowest temperature of $32.7^{\circ}C$. In PMV the highest temperature of 2.65 was from Case B and second one of 2.61 was from Case A and third one of 2.54 was from Case C. Duncan analysis of each types based on solar radiation and thermal comfort generated that there was analytical significance between Case A and Case B and Case B in terms of each types of average temperature reduction. The significance of thermal comfort in WBGT, MRT, PMV showed non-significance but, In UTCI it was analysed that there was significance between Case C and Case A.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.176-183
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• 1994

새로 합성된 KC6361화합물은 기존 디페닐에 테르계 화합물에서 보였던 증상(회백색)과는 달리 식물체의 백화를 유기시킬 뿐만아니라 암조건에서 녹화를 유기시키는 생리현상을 가지는 바 본 연구에서는 암조건에서 녹화가 유기되었던 원인을 규명하고자 실험하였다. 1. KC6361은 암조건에서 PPIX의 축적, 광전환 후 Pchlide의 재축적 정도, Shibata shift 등에는 영향이 없었던 반면, ALA, Pchl, Chl은 증가되었으며 이중 Pchl의 축적이 현저하였다. 2. KC6361 또는 phytol을 단독처리하거나 KC6361, phytol, ALA 상호간 혼합처리하였을 때 Pchlide의 Pchl로의 전환이 촉진되었던 것으로 보아 KC6361에 의한 암조건에서 녹화는 phytol이 일부 축적되어 이들이 Pchlide와 에스테르화되었기 때문으로 보였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.719-722
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• 2005

This study is to find the effective way to green perpendicular wall spaces as soon as possible and to get basic data for activating the perpendicular greening on high story building through the experiment of container-type planting ground in which lightened artificial soil mixed with rock wool was put. Comparative studies of the sizes of containers and soil were carried out but separate management was not performed. Four plants(Euonymus fortunei var. radicans, Lonicera japonica, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Parthenocissus tricuspidata) which have the capability to cover and screen perpendicular spaces were used in the experiment. In result, a container must be equipped with over 15cm depth soil mixed with less than $30\%$ of rock wool.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.114-122
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• 2008

Roof greening recently emerged to be an important issue of environmental policies in a city. To cover roofs of buildings with green vegetation gives chances not only to improve urban environmental function but also provides the opportunities of environmental learning and convenience for users in the building. This study aimed to give directions for roof greening plan to designers by acknowledging the relationships between ecological and utilizational effectiveness. 10 sites and 15 variables were adopted to measure the relationships. As a result, no positive correlations was found between them. One of the results in correlation analysis among variables, however, showed that the roof gardens have high utilizational effectiveness only when a green roof was made by focusing on ecological functions in addition to the concepts that will guarantee user's convenience such as accessibility, entrance and exit, facilities for convenience and learning. The results implies that a green roof has to be designed considering multi-functional effects. Correlation between species of vegetation and the number of daily users, average staying hours, and attending level for environment educational programs were not significant. These findings imply that when a green roof has to be take high utilizational effectiveness, both plentiful vegetation species and design concepts for users' convenience are should be considered.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.34-44
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• 2005

The objective of this study is to analyze the thermal properties of various green roof type. The experimental districts, have different soil thickness, soil type, the existence of module and the different kinds of vegetation, had installed. A measurement was conducted in Seoul University to investigate the thermal impacts of rooftop greening. The measurement point of temperature were 30, located in soil surface, middle of the soil layer, under the module, hard surface and soffit surface of each experimental district. The experimental investigation lasted from 6th August to 29th August, a total of 24 days. The results showed that green roof can contribute thermal benefits by soil and vegetation and reduce building energy consumption by a role of insulation. It's also better to make soil thickness over 20cm and various vegetation that should be more effective. The district installed only soil also could be effective for reducing the temperature of roof surface. Therefore, the increase of soil thickness and various vegetation could reduce more temperature of roof surface and building energy consumption. Also, it's helpful to reduce temperature that plant coverage rate be raised.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.53-67
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• 2011

The major objective of this study was to quantify the effects of substrate depth and substrate composition on the development of sedum etc., in a sloped rooftop (6 : 12 pitch) environment during a 4-year period. The experiment was conducted from 2006 October to 2010 December under several conditions without soil erosion control : two substrate depth (5cm, 10cm), four substrate composition (A5N3C2, A3N3C4, A6C4, G5L3C2: A: artificial lightweight soil, N : natural soil, G : granite decomposed soil, C : leave composite, L : loess), four sloped roof direction ($E40^{\circ}W$, $W40^{\circ}N$, $S40^{\circ}W$, $N40^{\circ}E$). In this experiment 4 sedum etc., were used: Sedum sarmentosum, Sedum kamtschaticum, Sedum rupestre, Sedum telephium, flowering herbs (mixed seed : Taraxacum platycarpum, Lotus corniculatus, Aster yomena, Aster koraiensis), western grasses (mixed seed : Tall fescue, Creeping redfescue, Bermuda grass, Perennial ryegrass). The establishment factor had two levels : succulent shoot establishment (sedum), seeding (flowering herbs, western grasses). 1. Enkamat, as it bring about top soil exfoliation, was unsuitable material for soil erosion control. 2. Sedum species exhibited greater growth at a substrate depth of 10cm relative to 5cm. All flowering herbs and western grasses established only at a substrate depth of 5cm were died. A substrate depth of 5cm was not suited in sloped rooftop greening without maintenance. If additional soil erosion control will be supplemented, a substrate depth of 10cm in sloped rooftop greening without maintenance was considered suitable. 3. For all substrate depth and composition, the most abundant species was Sedum kamtschaticum. The percentage of surviving Sedum kamtschaticum was 73.4% at a substrate depth of 10cm in autumn 2007 one year after the roof vegetation had been established. But the percentage of surviving other sedum were 33.3%~51.9%, therefor mulching for soil erosion control was essential after rooftop establishment in extensive sloped roof greening was proved. To raise the ratio of plant survival, complete establishment of plant root at substrate was considered essential before rooftop establishment. 4. There was a significant interaction between biomass and substrate moisture content. There were also a significant difference of substrate moisture and erosion among substrate composition. The moisture content of A6C4 was highest, the resistance to erosion of A5N3C2 was highest among substrate composition. The biomass of plants were not significantly higher in A5N3C2 and A6C4 relative to A3N3C4 and G5L3C2, For substrate moisture and erosion resistance, A5N3C2 and A6C4 were considered suitable in sloped rooftop greening without maintenance. 5. There were significant difference among roof slope direction on the substrate moisture. Especially, the substrate moisture content of $S40^{\circ}W$ was lower relative to that of $N40^{\circ}E$, that guessed by solar radiation and erosion.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.545-552
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• 2019

Tropaeolum majus, with a high decorative and food demand for vertical greening systems, has been utilized to revitalize urban agriculture. The effects of number of non-woven fabrics in a non-water environment and the adaptability of T. majus to this system were investigated. Planting ground composition of the container-type wall vertical greening system was made using non-woven fabric in one, two, three, or four layers. The results showed that the soil water content remained the highest when the non-woven fabric comprised 4 sheets. The morphological properties showed more growth with the 4 sheets than with 1, 2, and 3 sheets. In terms of physiological characteristics, chlorophyll content was mostly high in the 4 sheets, while shoot fresh weight value was in the order of 3 > 4 > 2 > 1 sheet, and root fresh weight value was in the order of 4 > 2 > 1 > 3 sheets. The dry weight of the measured values in the shoot was in the order of 4 > 3 > 2 > 1 sheet while no clear difference was found in the root of each treatment. The difference in the flowring characteristics was not different, but in evaluating the characteristics as a whole, the growth in the three layers of non-waven fabric was the best. In addition, the soil moisture contents and the growth characteristics were statistically significant as a positive correlation between the groups. Thus, greater the non-woven fabric, the higher is the adaptability of T. majus to dry stress under soil water-free conditions by maintaining soil moisture content. This showed that it represented an effective alternative as a method of vertical greening system for lower maintenance urban agriculture.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.103-115
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• 2012

To investigate the attributes of seed germination of the plants for greening of river bank slope, low-temperature treatment, chemical treatment, plant hormones treatment, and stratification were conducted using the seeds of 6 herbs growing naturally around river banks, such as Setaria glauca and faberii, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii, Miscanthus sinensis, Pennisetum alopecuroides, Lespedeza cuneata and the seeds of 3 shrubs, such as Lespedeza bicolor., Rosa multiflora, Spiraea prunifolia for. simpliciflora. The findings are as follows. In case of herbs, Setaria glauca and faberii. have stone seeds. In the treatment with $H_2SO_4$, they were germinated through dormancy breaking, even though there were some differences depending on immersion time, and the germination rate of Setaria faberii was a bit higher than that of Setaria glauca. The germination rate of Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii was low in the treatment with $GA_3$, NAA, and the plant hormone, but the seed germination rate has improved and the germination rate of Miscanthus sinensis and Pennisetum alopecuroides showed the improved seed germination rate in low temperature treatment. In case of Lespedeza cuneata and bicolor, the leguminous plants, the treatment with $H_2SO_4$ was most effective for the improvement of seed germination and the decrease in germination time. Only Spiraea prunifolia for. simpliciflora, the rose among 3 woody plants showed the seed germination rate above 50% without any additional treatment. Thus, it was thought to be appropriate for greening. Rosa multiflora showed the attribute of germination in a dark condition at low temperature through stratification, despite its low germination rate. Based on the results as above, with respect to the greening using directly collected seeds, Miscanthus sinensis, Pennisetum alopecuroides, and Spiraea prunifolia for. simpliciflora are suitable for greening, because they do not need any additional treatment, and Lespedeza cuneata and bicolor are also suitable for greening because it is possible to improve the germination rate and reduce the germination time through the treatment on the seeds before sowing.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.51-77
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• 2018

This study aimed to determine eco-friendly factors on the aspects of library service, materials provided or handled by the library, and programs including educational programs. Furthermore, it was setup to perform a trial evaluation for the eco-friendliness of the library based on the determined evaluation standards by this study. Results are as follows; First, regarding the question of 'Do employees of the library think that establishment of green libraries is necessary?', the employees of the libraries responded yes by 65.52%, but only 4.6% responded that it would not be necessary. Second, in analyzing the most important evaluation areas of green libraries according to the opinions of the libraries' employees, they were ranked in order: the indoor environment, energy and prevention of environmental pollution, and material and resource areas. Third, 11 areas were determined to evaluate the level of greening in the libraries; the highest averages were scored 510 for the area of energy and prevention of environmental pollution, 415 for the area of library resource, and 320 for the area of indoor environment. Last, the libraries were graded based on actual data according to the results to measure the level of greening, two libraries were graded as Diamond, the highest grade, accounting for 15.39% of all libraries; Gold and Silver grades accounted for another 15.39%, together five Certified graded libraries accounted for 38.46%, which was the highest rate among the libraries. Any library scoring less than 20% when compared to the full score was graded as Non-certified, and one library, which scored 15.06% fell into this category. The results of this study set up to serve as basic data for the direction of development for green libraries in our country, as well as reference for the employees of libraries in constructing or remodeling library buildings, establishing service infrastructure, providing information service, and planning library duties in an eco-friendly way.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2005

PE box, wrap, 그리고 25um와 50um 두께의 LDPE(low density polyethylene) 필름으로 포장한 치콘을 저장온도 $1^{\circ}C$ 와 $10^{\circ}C$에서 광조건과 암조건으로 나누어 저장성을 비교하였다. 치콘의 저장 중 생체중 감소는 $2\%$ 수준에서 외관상 품질 저하가 발생하였는데, 밀폐되지 않는 PE box의 경우 $1^{\circ}C$에서는 $2\%$, $10^{\circ}C$에서는 $3\%$의 생체중 감소를 보였다. 이에 반해 무공필름이었던 wrap, 그리고 25um와 50um 두께의 LDPE(low density polyethylene) 필름에서는 $1^{\circ}C$와 $10^{\circ}C$ 모두에서 $1\%$미만의 감소를 나타내었다. 포장재내 공기 조성은 이산화탄소의 경우 $1^{\circ}C$의 50um LDPE 필름과 10"C에서는 25um LDPE 필름 처리구가 $3\~4\%$ 수준을 보였다. 에틸렌은 가장 높은 함량을 보인 50um LDPE 필름에서 온도별로 $1^{\circ}C$에서 0.3ppm, $10^{\circ}C$에서는 0.5ppm으로 낮은 수준을 보였다. 저장중 greening은 암처리에서는 나타나지 않았으나 광처리의 경우는 $10^{\circ}C$에서는 저장 3일만에 $1^{\circ}C$의 경우도 6일만에 판매하기 곤란한 상태까지 진전되었는데, $1^{\circ}C$의 경우 포장재 종류별로 포장재가 두꺼울수록 greening의 진행이 지연되는 경향을 보였다. Greening을 수치화 할 수 있는 엽록소 함량은 역시 저장온도가 낮은 $1^{\circ}C$가 $10^{\circ}C$보다 낮았고, 역시 이산화탄소 농도가 가장 높았던 50um LDPE필름에서 가장 낮은 함량을 보였는데 포장재 내부의 이산화탄소 함량과 총 엽록소 함량과의 상관관계를 조사한 결과 상관계수(r)가 $1^{\circ}C$에서 0.926 $10^{\circ}C$에서는 0.997로 고도의 상관이 있음을 알 수 있었다. Greening을 제외한 외관상 품질은 저온인 $1^{\circ}C$에서 높게 유지되었고 포장재별로는 $1^{\circ}C$에서는 50um LDPE 필름이 $10^{\circ}C$에서는 25um LDPE필름에서 가장 높은 점수를 나타내었다. 비타민 C 함량도 저온에서 높게 유지되었으며 필름종류별로는 25um와 50um LDPE 필름에서 가장 높았다. 이상의 결과로 보아 치콘의 저장 및 유통시 $1^{\circ}C$에서는 50um LDPE 필름이 $10^{\circ}C$에서는 25um LDPE 필름이 포장재로 적합한 것으로 사료된다. 또한 약간의 빛으로 greening이 급격히 진행되므로 판매과정에서 암조건을 유지하는 것이 필요하리라 생각된다.