• 한국가스학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 현재 국제에너지기구에서 국가 에너지시스템분석에 공식적으로 사용되고 있는 시장분배모형(MARKAL: MARKet ALlocation) 모형을 이용하여 국내 발전부문의 온실가스 배출감축 잠재량평가를 위한 분석을 실시하였다. 모형 운영에 필요한 입력자료를 구축하고 4개의 시나리오를 설계하여 2040년까지의 발전기술의 구성, 특히 가스발전의 온실가스 감축에 대한 역할을 다양하게 분석하였다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제58권8호
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• pp.1496-1503
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• 2009

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an international environmental treaty to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. In order to fulfil the commitments of the countries in an economically efficient way, the UNFCCC adapted the emission trading scheme in the Kyoto Protocol. If the UNFCCC's scheme is enforced in the country, considerable changes in electric power industry are expected due to the imposed greenhouse gas emission reduction. This paper proposes a game theoretic model of the case when generation companies participate in both competitive electricity market and emission market simultaneously. The model is designed such that generation companies select strategically between power quantity and greenhouse gas reduction to maximize their profits in both markets. Demand function and Environmental Welfare of emission trading market is proposed in this model. From the simulation results using the proposed model the impact of the emission trading on generation companies seems very severe in case that the emission prices are significantly high.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제32권6B호
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• pp.399-406
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• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 폐기물매립지에서의 온실가스 발생량 예측모델 및 모델에 적용된 변수들의 산정방법을 개발하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 온실가스 발생예측 모델 중 1차 반응모델의 변수인 메탄잠재발생량과 메탄발생속도상수를 평가하기 위하여 수정 Gompertz 식과 Logistic 식을 미분한 2개의 식을 적용하였다. 변수들은 실제 폐기물매립지에서의 매립가스 발생량에 대한 실측값과 예측값과의 통계학적 비교를 통해 산정하였다. 매립가스 발생량에 대한 실측값과 수정 Gompertz 식 및 Logistic 식을 미분하여 나타낸 2개의 식을 이용한 매립가스 발생량 예측값에 대한 회귀분석결과 결정계수는 각각 0.92와 0.94로 나타나, 폐기물매립지에서의 매립가스 발생량에 대한 측정값이 있을 경우 회귀분석을 통해 변수를 산정할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 실측값이 없는 폐기물매립지에서의 온실가스 발생량을 예측할 수 있도록 하기 위하여 수정 Gompertz 식과 Logistic 식을 미분한 2개의 식을 기초로 하여 예측모델을 개발하였으며, 이 모델들의 정확성을 평가하기 위하여 Qcs(실측값):Q(예측값)의 비에 대한 빈도분포를 평가한 결과 LandGEM 모델보다 높은 정확성을 나타내었다. 따라서 본 연구에서 개발한 모델들은 폐기물매립지에서의 온실가스 발생량 예측에 적합한 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.414-422
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• 2008

Methane is a potent greenhouse gas and methane emissions from landfill sites have been linked to global warming. In this study, LandGEM (Landfill Gas Emission Model) was applied to predict landfill gas quantity over time, and then this result was compared with the data surveyed on the site, Cheongju Megalo Landfill. LandGEM allows the input of site-specific values for methane generation rate (k) and potential methane generation capacity $L_o$, but in this study, k value of 0.04/yr and $L_o$ value of $100\;m^3$/ton were considered to be most appropriate for reflecting non-arid temperate region conventional landfilling like Cheongju Megalo Landfill. Relatively high discrepancies between the surveyed data and the predicted data about landfill gas seems to be derived from insufficient compaction of daily soil-cover, inefficient recovery of landfill gas and banning of direct landfilling of food waste in 2005. This study can be used for dissemination of information and increasing awareness about the benefits of recovering and utilizing LFG (landfill gas) and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.321-330
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• 2008

Methane is a potent greenhouse gas and methane emissions from landfills have been linked to global warming. In this study, LandGEM (Landfill Gas Emission Model) was applied to predict landfill gas quantity over time, and then this result was compared with the data surveyed on the site, Cheongju Megalo Landfill. LandGEM allows the input of site-specific values for methane generation rate (k) and potential methane generation capacity $L_o$, but in this study, k value of 0.05/yr and $L_o$ value of $170m^3/Mg$ were considered to be most appropriate for reflecting non-arid temperate region conventional landfilling, Cheongju Megalo Landfill. High discrepancies between the surveyed data and the predicted data about landfill gas seems to be derived from insufficient compaction of daily soil-cover, inefficient recovery of landfill gas and banning of direct landfilling of food garbage waste in 2005. This study can be used for dissemination of information and increasing awareness about the benefits of recovering and utilizing LFG (landfill gas) and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.295-305
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• 2015

The purpose of this paper is to a develop model for generation expansion planning that can support diverse environmental policies for the reduction of greenhouse gases (GHGs) of South Korea. South Korea is required to reduce its GHG emissions by 30% from the BAU level by 2020. The Wien Automatic System Planning Package currently used in South Korea has limitations in terms of the application of renewable energy policies and GHG targets; this paper proposes the use of an equipment planning model named generation and transmission expansion program, which has been developed to resolve such limitations. For verification of the model, a case study on the 6th Basic Plan of Long-Term Electricity Supply and Demand has been conducted. The results show that for the year 2020 South Korea's annual GHG emissions will be 36.6% more than the GHG Target Management System (GHG TMS) target set for the same year (30%). To achieve the GHG TMS target, the costs involved amount to about 72 trillion KRW (70 billion USD). Consequently, the South Korean government needs to review the performability of this target.

• 신재생에너지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2009

As new small scale LFG (landfill gas) energy project model which can improve economic feasibility limited due to the economy of scale, LFG-Microturbine combined heat and power system with $CO_2$ fertilization into greenhouses was proposed and investigated including basic design process prior to the system installation at Gwang-ju metro sanitary landfill. The system features $CH_4$ enrichment for stable microturbine operation, reduction of compressor power consumption and low CO emission, and $CO_2$ supplement into greenhouse for enhancement plant growth. From many other researches, high $CO_2$ concentration was found to enhance $CO_2$ assimilation (also known as photosynthesis reaction) which converts $CO_2$ and $H_2O$ to sugar using light energy. For small scale landfills which produce LFG under $3\;m^3$/min, among currently available prime movers, microturbine is the most suitable power generation system and its low electric efficiency can be improved with heat recovery. Besides, since its exhaust gas contains very low level of harmful contaminants to plant growth such as NOx, CO and SOx, microturbine exhaust gas is a suitable and economically advantageous $CO_2$ source for $CO_2$ fertilization in greenhouse. The LFG-Microturbine combined heat and power generation system with $CO_2$ fertilization into greenhouse gas to enhance plant growth is technologically and economically feasible and improves economical feasibility compared to other small scale LFG energy project model.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.462-469
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• 2020

This study is proposing a System Dynamics Model for estimating Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission from treating Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in South Korea for years 2000 to 2030. The government of country decided to decrease the total GHG emission from waste sector in 2030 as per Business-as-usual level. In context, four scenarios are generated to predict GHG emission from treating the MSW with three processes i.e., landfill, incineration and recycling. For prior step, MSW generation rate is projected for present and future case using population and waste generation per capita data. It is found that population and total MSW are directly correlated. The total population will increase to 56.27 million and total MSW will be 21.59 million tons in 2030. The methods for estimating GHG emission from landfill, incineration and recycling are adopted from IPCC, 2006 guidelines. The study indicates that Scenario 2 is best to adopt for decreasing the total GHG emission in future where recycling waste is increased to 75% and landfill waste is decreased to 7.6%. Lastly, it is concluded that choosing proper method for treating the MSW in country can result into savings of GHG emission.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.531-537
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• 2023

Municipal solid waste landfills are unpredictable bioreactors which in cases of mishandling and bad supervision presents numerous risks. The key to municipal waste landfills is to approach them from the point of prevention of the possible consequences, which means using methods of organized waste disposal, and also utilizing landfill gas, as an unavoidable consequence with disposal of municipal solid waste with a high share of biodegradable organic matter. This paper presents an overview about problems of solid municipal waste management, type and composition of waste, and an overview of waste management condition. Further, the problem of landfill and landfill gasses is described with the calculation models of landfill production, as well as the use of the SWM GHG Calculator and LandGEM software on a specific example of gas production for the central zone at Sarajevo landfill "Smiljevici". Main focus of this thesis is the analysis of potentials of greenhouse gas emission reduction measures from the waste management. Overview of the best available techniques in waste management is presented as well as the methodology used for calculations. Scenarios of greenhouse gas emission reduction in waste management were defined so that emissions were calculated using the appropriate model. In the final section of the paper, its description of the problem of collection and utilization the landfill gas at the sanitary landfill "Smiljevici", and implementation of the system for landfill gas collection and solution suggestion for the gasification and exploitation of gas. Energy, environmental and economic benefits can be accomplished by utilizing municipal solid waste as fuel in industry and energy and moreover by utilizing energy generation from landfill gas, which this thesis emphasizes.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.213-220
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze effects of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission reduction in district energy business mainly based on Combined Heat and Power (CHP) plants. Firstly this paper compares the actual carbon intensity of power production between conventional power plants and district energy plants. To allocate the GHG from CHP plants, two of different methods which were Alternative Generation Method and Power Bonus Method, have been investigated. The carbon intensity of power production in district energy plants ($0.43tonCO_2e/MWh$) was relatively lower than conventional gas-fired power plants ($0.52tonCO_2e/MWh$). Secondly we assessed the cost effectiveness of reduction by district energy sector compared to the other means using TIMES model method. We find that GHG marginal abatement cost of 'expand CHP' scenario (-$134/ton$CO_2$) is even below than renewable energy scenario such as photovoltaic power generation ($87/ton$CO_2$). Finally the GHG emission reduction potential was reviewed on the projected GHG emission emitted when the same amount of energy produced in combination of conventional power plants and individual boilers as substitution of district energy. It showed there were 10.1~41.8% of GHG emission reduction potential in district energy compared to the combination of conventional power plants and individual boilers.