• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.127-133
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• 2022

With the increasing interest in the expression of individuality and appearance of modern people, it is time to conduct research and development of novel hair coloring from various angles. Therefore, taking into account the order of discoloration of hair pigments, we selected a creative and novel emulsion as a novel material for hair coloring, rather than a cosmetic material such as hot water extract using natural products dealt with in previous studies, commercially available hair manicure, and oxidation hair dye for hair. Thus, the change in tensile strength and elongation of hair samples by color was studied. As a result of the study, hair with green emulsion paint had a significantly higher maximum load, maximum stress, maximum elongation and breaking load, breaking stress, breaking elongation values are shown. Maximum in terms of modulus, green emulsion applied hair and the control group were higher in the 0-15s strain and 15-145s sections, respectively, and the tangential modulus value was much higher in the control group than the experimental group hairs in all the 0-145s sections. This study, which analyzes the dynamic changes of hair samples that extend the daily color gamut, will greatly contribute to the development of innovative hair coloring materials in the research and production of hair beauty works, and it is judged that it will also contribute to the development of the beauty industry.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• 제1호
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• pp.33-36
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• 2001

Only do we have an earth! It is crucially important to improve our living environment and keep the sustained development of a city in the limited space. Some concrete examples will be analysized in the paper, elaborating upon how to make full use of roof space and various plants to create a better green-space. To create different activity space with unique characteristics for people, various plants, roof-space, water and buildings in the style of garden should be use when local conditions and design requirement should be considered.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.23-32
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• 2019

Increasing crop production with the same amount of resources is essential for enhancing the economy in agriculture. The first prerequisite is to understand relationships between the resources. The concept of WEF (Water-Energy-Food) nexus analysis was first introduced in 2011, which helps to interpret inter-linkages among the resources and stakeholders. The objective of this study was to analyze energy-water nexus in greenhouse cultivation by estimating reference evapotranspiration and heating load. For the estimation, this study used the physical model to simulate the inside temperature of the agricultural greenhouse using heating, solar radiation, ventilated and transferred heat losses as input variables. For estimating reference evapotranspiration and heating load, Penman-Monteith equation and seasonal heating load equation with HDH (Heating Degree-Hour) was applied. For calibration and validation of simulated inside temperature, used were hourly data observed from 2011 to 2012 in multi-span greenhouse. Results of the simulation were evaluated using $R^2$, MAE and RMSE, which showed 0.75, 2.22, 3.08 for calibration and 0.71, 2.39, 3.35 for validation respectively. When minimum setting temperature was $12^{\circ}C$ from 2013 to 2017, mean values of evapotranspiration and heating load were 687 mm/year and 2,147 GJ/year. For $18^{\circ}C$, Mean values of evapotranspiration and heating load were 707 mm/year and 5,616 GJ/year. From the estimation, the relationship between water and heat energy was estimated as 1.0~2.6 GJ/ton. Though additional calibrations with different types of greenhouses are necessary, the results of this study imply that they are applicable when evaluating resource relationship in the greenhouse cultivation complex.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2019

Need to make efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in order to slow global warming is globally recognized and also appealing to the United Nations. The main cause of greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide, and the nation has 23.9 percent of its total emissions in the transportation sector. It was also reported that 61.56 percent of living waste is being recycled, suggesting that environmentally friendly logistics activities should proceed with efforts on goods and services at each stage of distribution. In this study, we conducted a survey of green logistics activities that were environmentally friendly by businesses, divided into management, water/delivery and packaging waste, and identified the status and level of each business sector. As a result, data was collected from 36 manufacturing companies, 28 distribution businesses, and 40 logistics businesses, all of which were 104 companies, and based on the analysis results, a measure for environmentally friendly logistics activities was proposed.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2007

고정상 추출에 케르세틴 분자각인 고분자를 흡착제로 하여 녹차에서 카페인과 +C, EGC, EGCG와 같은 카테킨 화합물을 추출하였다. Quercetin을 주형분자로, MAA를 단량체로, EGDMA를 가교제로 하고 AIBN을 개시제로 하여 MIP를 합성하였다. 녹차에서 카페인과 카테킨 화합물을 추출하기 위하여 고정상 추출에서의 주입, 세척, 용출용매로 각각 물, 메탄올, 메탄올:아세트산=90:10(vol.%)을 사용하였다. 고성능 액체 크로마토그래피 분석조건은 C18 컬럼(5 μm, 250×4.6 mm, RS-tech 회사), 메탄올/물(40/60, vol.%)을 이동상 조건으로하고 유속은 0.5 ml/min으로 하였다. 분자각인 고정상 추출을 통과함으로써, 카페인과 카테킨 화합물의 분리도는 증가하였다. 또한 케르세틴 분자각인 고분자는 생성된 공극 구조와 유사한 화학적구조식을 가진 +C화합물에 대하여 더 우수한 선택성을 가졌다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.480-487
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 하천구역 내에서의 경작활동으로 인한 비점오염원 유출특성을 파악하기 위하여 팔당상수원보호구역의 경기도 광주시에 위치한 G지역(논, 비닐하우스)과 남양주시의 S지역(노지 밭)을 선정하여 강우 시 현장조사를 수행하였다. 담수기능을 갖는 논은 강우강도에 따라 유출유량이 완만한 증감을 나타내어 제내지에 위치한 논의 유출특성과 유사한 현상을 보여주었다. 그러나 비닐하우스와 노지 밭 모두 강우강도에 비례하여 유출유량이 급격히 증가하는 현상을 보여주었다. 논, 비닐하우스 및 노지 밭의 BOD 평균 유출농도는 각각 2.0 mg/L, 2.8 mg/L, 7.9 mg/L로서 노지 밭의 유출농도가 높게 나타났으며, 강우사상에 따른 토양의 유출에 기인하여 SS, T-N 및 T-P 유출농도도 노지 밭이 가장 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 경작지별 배출부하량을 산정한 결과, 논의 T-N 배출부하량이 1,793.9 kg/year으로 밭에 비해 높게 나타났으며, 노지 밭의 SS 배출부하량은 69,704 kg/year로 전체 배출부하량의 70% 이상을 차지하는 것으로 산정되었다.

• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.8-16
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• 2020

This paper presents the heating performance analysis results of a ground-source heat pump (GSHP) system using hybrid ground heat exchanger (HGHE). In this paper, the HGHE refers to the ground heat exchanger (GHE) using both a surface water heat exchanger (SWHE) and a vertical GHE. In order to evaluate the system performance, we installed monitoring sensors for measuring temperatures and power consumption, and then measured operation data with 4 different load burdened ratios of the HGHE. During the entire measurement period, the average heating capacity of the heat pump was 37.3 kW. In addition, the compressor of the heat pump consumed 9.4 kW of power, while the circulating pump of the HGHE used 6.7 kW of power. Therefore, the average heating coefficient of performance (COP) for the heat pump unit was 4.0, while the system including the circulating pump was 2.7. Finally, the parallel use of SWHE and VGHE was beneficial to the system performance; however, further researches are needed to optimize the design data for various load ratios of the HGHE.

• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2018

This paper presents the cooling performance analysis results of a ground-source heat pump (GSHP) system using hybrid ground heat exchanger (HGHE). In this paper, the HGHE refers to the ground heat exchanger (GHE) using both a vertical GHE and a surface water heat exchanger (SWHE). In order to evaluate the system performance, we installed monitoring sensors for measuring temperatures and power consumption, and then measured operation data with 4 different load burdened ratios of the hybrid GHE, Mode 1~Mode 4. The measurement results show that the system with HGHE mainly operates in Mode 1 and Mode 2 over the entire measurement period. The average cooling coefficient of performance (COP) for heat pump unit was 5.18, while the system was 2.79. In steady state, the heat pump COP was slightly decreased with an increase of entering source temperature. In addition, the parallel use of SWHE and VGHE was beneficial to the system performance; however, further research are needed to optimize the design data for various load ratios of the HGHE.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.9-20
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• 2019

The primary objective of this study was to analyze the delivery ratio using Hydrological Simulation Program - Fortran (HSPF) in Okdong-cheon watershed. Model parameters related to hydrology and water quality were calibrated and validated by comparing model predictions with the 8-day interval filed data collected for ten years from the Korea Ministry of Environment. The results indicated that hydrology and water quality parameters appeared to be reasonably comparable to the field data. The pollutant delivery loads of the watershed in 2015 were simulated using the HSPF model. The delivery ratios of each subwatershed were also estimated by the simple ratio calculation of pollutant discharge load and pollutant delivery load. Coefficients of the regression equation between the delivery ratio and specific discharge were also computed using the delivery ratio. Based on the results, multiple regression analysis was performed using the discharge and the physical characteristics of the subwatershed such as the area. The equation of delivery ratio derived in this study is only for the Okdong-cheon watershed, so the larger studies are needed to apply the findings to other watersheds.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.507-524
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 낙동강 내에 위치한 강정고령보 구간을 대상으로 EFDC 모델을 검정하고, 보 구간의 유량에 따른 체류시간과 유입수 인 농도 변화가 수질 및 조류 그룹별(규조류, 녹조류, 남조류) 생체량에 미치는 영향을 평가하는데 있다. 2018년 실험자료를 이용하여 모델을 검정한 결과, 보 구간의 수위와 수온의 수직 분포, DO, 유기물, 질소, 인 계열의 시계열 변화를 적절히 모의하였다. 조류 그룹별 생체량 예측에 있어서는 계절별 변동 특성은 적절히 재현하였으나, 일부기간에 실측값과 편차가 크게 나타났다. 보의 관리수위와 유량을 조절하는 시나리오 모의결과, 보의 운영 수위를 낮출수록 유량을 증가시킬수록 수온성층이 완화 또는 해소되는 것으로 분석되었다. 강정고령보에서 수온성층이 해소된 유속은 약 0.1 m/s였으며, 이는 금강의 백제보에서 연구결과와 일치한다. 2Q 유량 시나리오 모의결과, Chl-a는 8.7% 감소하였고 규조류와 녹조류 세포수 밀도도 감소하였다. 하지만 남조류 세포수는 오히려 증가하였는데, 그 이유는 유량이 증가함에 따라 유속이 빨라져 상류경계조건의 높은 남조류 농도가 하류에 직접 영향을 끼친 것으로 나타났다. 유입수 인 부하 농도(평균 0.056mg/L)를 50% 수준으로 저감하는 시나리오 모의결과, Chl-a는 13.6 % 감소하였다. 연구결과는 강정고령보의 조류 과잉성장을 억제하기 위해서는 수리학적 제어와 함께 상류 유입 조류 농도와 인 부하량 저감이 동시에 고려되어야 함을 시사한다.