• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제13권6호
• /
• pp.99-104
• /
• 2013

Many activities associated with the construction and habitation of buildings are connected with issues affecting the environment such as global warming, climate change, and consumption of valuable natural resources such as fossil fuels. To minimize negative impacts on the environment, the building industry worldwide has implemented green building practices in many countries. One of the main green strategies is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions caused by residential structures because they are most substantially connected with global warming and climate change. To determine the actual quantity of green house gas emissions caused by the construction and use of a building, it is important to analyze total greenhouse gas emissions over the life cycle of buildings including construction, operation & maintenance(O&M) and demolition stages. Many studies suggest methods to calculate greenhouse gas emissions at the construction stage, but the literature addressing greenhouse gas emissions at the O & M stage is limited. A year-long study was conducted utilizing the deterioration method to calculate greenhouse gas emissions at the O & M stage of building life for condominium types of buildings in South Korea. Through this research, it is possible to analyze greenhouse gas emissions of buildings at the O & M stage, the longest span of the life cycle, and eventually help to calculate total greenhouse gas emissions over the life cycle of the building.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
• /
• 제2호
• /
• pp.178-184
• /
• 2004

The Yatomi - Aioiyama line is a city-planning road that was notified in 1957 and subsequently prepared by land readjustments. Currently, approximately 900m of road pass in the inside of the Aioiyama green area has not been constructed. The surveying briefing session for inhabitants was held in July 1992, the project was authorized by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport in September 1993, and the project briefing session for inhabitants was held in September 1993. The site purchase has been completed. At the May 2000 briefing session, inhabitants of the area began voicing dissenting demanding the conservation of the natural environment of this green area. The inspector system serves as the third party, independent of both the administration and the inhabitants. Before finalizing the geometric line form of the road to be constructed, some surveys of animals and plants found along the walking trails carried out intensively in the northern area, which is approximately 50 ha, of the Aioiyama green area. The natural environment inspector submitted a plan for changing the geometric line form of the road decided upon by city planning, and it was approved by the city planning council. If the shelter structure or the retaining wall structure is adopted at the location where large slope faces are produced by excavation or landfill, and if the bridge structure is adopted at the place where stream-lines and walking trails intersect, it leads to a reduction of approximately $40\%$ in the areas for which change is planned. Furthermore, approximately $20\%$ of the area to be changed is restored by returning soil to the roof of the shelter.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.77-88
• /
• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of soil depth and planting density on the growth of lettuce, crown daisy, and strawberry on a rooftop condition using artificial soil as a growth media. The vegetable crops showed better growth for plant height (cm), plant width (cm), plant fresh weight (g), and Fo, Fm and Fv/m on 20cm depth soil than 10cm depth soil except strawberry. Planting density of $16/m^2$ and $64/m^2$ did not show significant differences on the growth of the crops. Soil moisture content and EC were low for 10cm depth soil in lettuce plots, whereas there was no significant differences on soil moisture and EC between two soil depth in strawberry plots. Hunter's L, a, and b values showed the leaf color of lettuce dark green on 20cm depth soil and reddish on 10cm depth soil. Results showed that soil depth suitable for crop growth on rooftop conditions was 20cm rather than 10cm. Growth response of the crops showed no significant difference between $16/m^2$ and $64/m^2$, indicating that planting density of 64 $plants/m^2$ could be practiced on rooftop conditions. Lettuce growth rapidly changed in control treatment in which leaves were not pinched out, while slowly changed in plants which leaves were periodically pinched out. In the case of control plot, it was impossible to harvest because withering of lower leaves after blossom on June 22. The plant of crown daisy in which pinching was not conducted, blossomed on June 7, and the plants were removed since its aesthetical value was lost. Strawberry seemed to be a suitable vegetable crop for rooftop conditions based on its high covering rate and extended growth period until late October. The soil depth 20cm and planting density 64 $plants/m^2$ were suitable for vegetable crops on green roof system using artificial soil.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.165-169
• /
• 2010

도시 내 부족한 녹지공간을 확보하기 위하여, 기존 건물의 옥상 등 인공지반에서의 녹화가 점차 확대되어 가고 있으나 인공지반 대부분을 차지하고 있는 옥상의 경우 건물에 미치는 하중과 강우 및 관수에 관한 문제를 비롯하여 식물의 성장도 원활해야 한다는 점을 주의해야 한다. 현재 많이 사용되는 인공토양의 경우 원석을 수입하여 가공 생산하는 것으로, 앞으로 인공지반 녹화가 활성화될시 수입으로 인한 비용 등의 문제로 새로운 대체물질이 필요하다고 판단된다. 본 연구에서는 기존 녹화소재의 단점인 하중과 설치 후 유지 관리를 보완하고자 친환경 대체재료로서 폐목재칩과 폐지 슬러리를 이용한 식생기반재를 개발하고 그 제조조건에 대해 검토해보았다. 본 실험은 폐목재칩과 폐지슬러리의 혼합비와 비료의 주입농도를 달리하여 식생기반재를 제조하고 잔디와 보리를 식생기반재당 1 g씩 파종하여 성장률을 분석하는 것으로 진행되었다. 폐목재칩과 폐지 슬러리는 0.9 : 0.1~0.5 : 0.5의 비율로 혼합되었으며, 그 결과 혼합비율이 0.6 : 0.4 일 때 잔디는 약 1.5배, 보리는 약 1.9배 높은 성장률을 보였다. 또한 비료의 농도가 1%일 때 제조된 식생기반재에서 비료가 첨가되지 않았을 때보다 약 1.3~1.5배 높은 성장률을 보였다. 식생기반재의 pH는 7.1~8.8로 약알칼리성을 보였으며 주입된 비료의 농도가 높을수록, 폐목재칩의 혼합량이 많을수록 낮은 경향을 나타냈다. 그리고 비료 용찰실험 결과 비료를 첨가하지 않은 칩과 비교시 비료를 첨가한 칩에서 인, 칼륨, 몰디브덴의 성분이 높게 나온 것으로 보아 비료의 주입은 성공적임을 알 수 있었다

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.117-125
• /
• 2016

도시 내 인구집중과 기후변화로 인해 다양한 형태의 도시 물 문제가 발생한다. 이에 대한 피해 예방과 사회적 손실 최소화를 위해 회복탄력적인 대안 수립이 필요하다. 본 연구는 도시 물 문제 저감을 위한 회복탄력적 사회기반시설 구축 전략 수립에 관한 기초연구로서, 대표적인 도시 물 문제 중 하나인 도시홍수를 사례로 하여 구조적 대안의 내구성을 평가하였다. 내구성 평가를 위한 지표로 내구성 지수 (robustness index, RI) 및 비용지수 (cost index, CI)를 결합한 내구성-비용지수 (robustness cost index, RCI)를 제안하고, 이를 강남역 상습침수구역에 적용하여 기존 기반시설과 구조적 대안 (하수관거 확충, 저류조 설치, 옥상녹화)을 평가하였다. 그 결과, 2~20년 빈도의 강우강도범위에서 저류조와 옥상녹화설치가 상대적으로 높은 RCI 값을 나타내었고 두 대안 중 RCI가 보다 높은 대안은 강우강도에 따라 달라지는 경향을 보였다. 30년 빈도 강우강도에 대하여는 저류조와 옥상녹화를 병용 설치하는 대안이 가장 높은 RCI 값을 나타내어 가장 회복탄력적인 대안으로 확인되었다. 최종적으로 재해의 계획규모에 따른 현행 사회기반시설의 내구성 평가 및 최적의 구조적 대안 선택 절차를 수립하여, 도시홍수 문제에 대한 회복탄력적 사회기반시설 구축 전략을 제시하였다.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.103-109
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usability and satisfaction of space to which positive elements in Leed-Certified Office Building are applied. The study was conducted using the three-step approach. The first step was to understand the building and identify the issues which included the analysis of floor plans, documentations, and the interview with designers and facility managers. The second step was FGI(Focus Group Interviews), which were conducted with mixed employees of rank and location of workplace. Finally, a web-based questionnaire survey was conducted on the 319 executives and employees. Methods of analysis used were quantitative analysis of questionnaire, qualitative analysis of open ended free-answer, and FGI in the second step. Satisfaction, preference, and comfort level were studied using cross tab, co-relation, ANOVA for quantitative analysis. The results of this study are as follows: First, lobby and atrium are representative elements that are functioning positively and it is recognized as sustainable spaces being utilized by users. Second, there are several dead spaces like green shaft, roof garden and sunken space although they can contribute to Leed-certification. Third, there are some problematic spaces such as the O.A. room and the urinals even though they contribute to the Leed-certification.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제12권6호
• /
• pp.85-92
• /
• 2012

The Korean government has introduced building regulations with improved energy conservation measures, including higher insulation levels for building envelope. However, there are many existing buildings that tend to consume more energy for heating and cooling than new buildings, as they were built under the former regulations with relatively higher U-values of walls and glazing. In order to improve energy efficiency in existing buildings, green remodelling of building envelope and building services are required. For existing buildings, building services improvements have been achieved through energy service company(ESCO), but much attention has not been paid to building envelope improvements with various reasons, such as uncertainty of energy saving effect design issues and costs. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of building envelope improvements in a typical commercial building on its heating and cooling energy loads. The results show that the improvement of glazing with lower U-values has the highest energy saving effects, followed by wall, roof and floor, under the condition of same level of insulation improvements. However, high insulated glazing increased LCC because of higher initial investment costs.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국건축시공학회 2017년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
• /
• pp.45-46
• /
• 2017

As the environment and energy problems such as global climate change (global warming, urban heat island phenomenon) and energy depletion have come to the fore, the construction and waterproofing industry are responding more critically to the demands of global green technology and are employing more eco-friendly technologies as of recent. In this study, the application of the waterproofing material with thermal response performance in construction buildings was investigated to confirm whether the thermal performance is being properly secured by the change of the surface temperature. Experimental results showed that the surface temperature difference between before and after the application is at least 19.8℃ at the maximum 26.3℃. When the degradation rate is converted, the degradation effect of about 40% on average was confirmed.

• 환경정책연구
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.27-47
• /
• 2011

단독주택지의 도시환경보전 및 개선을 위해 서울시 강남구 수서동 일원의 단독주택지 밀집지역을 대상으로 생태 면적률 개념을 적용한 비오톱 유형화와 도시열환경 예측 시뮬레이션을 실시하였다. 생태면적률 개념을 적용하여 비오톱 유형 분류 결과 총 7개 유형으로 구분되었고 옥상녹화 미적용 건폐지비오톱(48.16%) > 불투수비건폐포장비오톱(39.75%) > 전면투수녹지비오톱(6.23%) > 틈새투수비건폐포장비오톱(3.26%) > 전면투수비건폐포장지비오톱(2.51%) > 부분투수비건폐포장지비오톱(0.04%) 순이었다. 단독주택지 외부 열환경 특성 및 변화 예측을 실시한 결과, 비오톱 유형별 지표면 온도값은 불투수비건폐포장지비오톱 > 옥상녹화미적용건폐지비오톱 > 전면투수녹지비오톱 > 투수포장지비오톱이 순이었다. 옥상녹화 100% 적용을 가정한 case 2의 경우 최대 $33.58^{\circ}C$, 최소 $23.85^{\circ}C$였고, 평균 $27.74^{\circ}C$로서 옥상녹화 전에 비해 약 $5.19^{\circ}C$ 감소한 것으로 예측되었다. 평균 외기온도는 case 2가 case 1보다 약 $0.18^{\circ}C$ 낮게 분석되었다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.162-168
• /
• 2011

본 연구에서는 벽면녹화시스템에 식재된 사초류의 방위(광도)에 따른 생육반응 및 옥상녹화시스템에 식재된 사초류의 토양깊이에 따른 생육차이 등을 조사하고자 하였으며, 사초류가 다양한 형태로 활용될 수 있도록 기초적인 자료들을 제시하고자 하였다. 벽면녹화 및 일반컨테이너의 온도변화를 비교한 결과, 벽면녹화의 경우 온도가 낮아지는 것을 알 수 있었고, 주로 화창한 날씨가 유지된 8~9월 동안에 차이가 뚜렷하였다. 테스타시아사초, 에버골드 및 털대사초 등은 높은 광도에서 생육이 우수하고($0{\sim}1799{\mu}M{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$), 상록갈사초, 줄무늬사초, 대사초 및 흰줄무늬실사초는 낮은 광도에 적합한 것으로 판단되었다($0{\sim}786{\mu}M{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$). 광도가 낮을수록 식물의 색이 선명해져 관상가치가 증가하였는데, 본 연구에서는 무늬의 변화에 대한 고려가 이루어지지 않아 추가적인 연구가 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료되었다. 토양깊이별 수분함량은 10cm의 경우 배수층 없이 혼합용토로만 이루어져 높게 유지되는 것으로 나타났고, 대부분의 사초류들도 10cm 깊이에서 생육이 좋았다. 에버골드, 대사초 및 테사타시아사초등은 토양깊이 20cm에서 생육이 우수하였다. 흰줄무늬실사초와 털대사초 노란무늬종은 토양깊이 40cm에서 생육이 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 사초류가 10~20cm의 낮은 토심에서도 생육이 우수하여 옥상녹화 소재로 충분히 도입 가능할 것으로 판단되었다.