• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.637-643
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• 2019

Three separate feeding trials were performed to evaluate the dietary inclusion of pigments on growth and pigmentation of Semisulcospira coreana. In the first trial (Exp-1), snails (80 mg/snail) were fed diets containing green laver Enteromorpha intestinalis, seaweed fulvescens Capsosiphon fulvescens, chlorella Chlorella vulgaris, green tea, mugwort, kale, broccoli, sea tangle, dried laver Pyropia yezoensis, a synthetic edible dye, and a diet containing no pigment (control) for 12 weeks. Results showed that dietary treatments had no significant effects on growth performance. However, total chlorophyll and chlorophyll a contents of the snail's edible portion were markedly affected and the highest values were found in snails fed green laver. In the second (Exp-2) and third (Exp-3) experiments, the effect of green laver and chlorella were examined in diets for relatively smaller (35 mg/snail) and bigger (139 mg/snail) snails than those examined in the Exp-1, respectively. Feeding the bigger snails with chlorella significantly enhanced their growth rates compared to control group. Total chlorophyll and chlorophyll a contents of the edible portions of snails were significantly increased by dietary chlorella supplementation. These findings suggest that dietary green laver or chlorella could improve the pigmentation of S. coreana without any adverse effects on growth.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2016

Natural colorant extracts were obtained by extraction from tumeric root, gardenia seeds, mugwort and green tea using water, methanol, ethanol and acetone as extractants at room temperature for 3 hours under shaking condition(180rpm) with liquor ratio(solid:solvent; 1:100). The main pigment components of tumeric root, gardenia seeds, mugwort and green tea are known to be curcumin, crocin, chlorophyll b and epigallocatechin gallate, respectively. The effects of the kind of extractant and pH on the color characteristics of natural colorant extracts were investigated. The solubility parameters of pigment components were determined to find adequate extractant. The solubility parameters of curcumin, crocin, chlorophyll b and epigallocatechin gallate were found to be 27.85, 29.40, 19.48 and $37.97(J/cm^3)^{1/2}$. As expected, solvents that have a solubility parameter similar to that of pigment component were generally found to be effective to obtain pigment extracts having high visible absorbance(A). The extract(pigment/solvent) with high visible absorbance was generally found to have low $L^*$(lightness) and high Chroma($C^*$, purity).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.319-323
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• 1998

Conversion of Gardenia jasminoides yellow pigment into blue-green pigment by 8 bacterial species was examed. Bioconversion pattern can be categorized into three types according to absorption spectra characteristics. The same pattern of the value of ${\Delta}E$ estimated by color differencemeter was also observed. Conversion rate by S. epidermidis was faster than other bacterial species. It took 16 hour for S. epidermidis to convert pigment at $37^{\circ}C$. Gardenia jasminoides yellow pigment and conversion pigment were completely separated by Amberlite XAD column chromatography with $H_2O-MeOH$ solvent system. Storage stability of the conversion pigment was better than Gardenia jasminoides yellow pigment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Aquaculture Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.71-71
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate effects of dietary pigment sources on shell color of juvenile abalone, Haliotis discus hannai. Three replicate groups of the abalone, average weight 173 mg, were fed the diets containing various pigment sources such as Porphyra powder, Spirulina, yeast astaxanthin and paprika extract for 16 weeks. Survival and weight gain were not affected by dietary pigment sources (P>0.05). Shell color of abalone fed diets containing Porphyra powder and Spirulina was approached to yellow-red and orange which are similar to shell color of wild abalone. However, shell color of abalone fed the diets containing yeast astaxanthin and paprika extract were similar to that of control diet showing bright green. Porphyra powder and Spirulina contain not only fat-soluble pigment such as chlorophyll and carotenoids but also water-soluble pigment such as phycoerythrin and phycocyanin. These results would be useful information to change shell color of abalone in aquaculture.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.184-187
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• 2014

This study examined the effects of particle size on the light scattering of a nano-sized color filter pigment used to obtain a range of colors in liquid crystal displays. The contrast ratio is one of the most important characteristics of liquid crystal displays. When a color filter is located between two crossed polarizers, the size of the pigment can give rise to a decrease in the contrast ratio due to Rayleigh scattering by the nanoparticles in the filter. The size effect of the color filter pigment on the contrast ratio was investigated in terms of the depolarization parameter. As an experimental result, the depolarization parameter increased with decreasing pigment size. Therefore, a smaller pigment size can reduce light leakage caused by light scattering in the color filter between two crossed polarizers. The depolarization function was also proposed as a useful function for predicting the decrease in the contrast ratio of the color filter.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.403-415
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• 2019

According to oral tradition, the King Sejo's palanquin is indeed the palanquin of King Sejo, the 7^th monarch of the Joseon dynasty who reigned from 1455 to 1468, which was left behind after visiting the Magoksa temple. The palanquin is painted in five colors, mainly black, white, yellow, red and green. The chromaticity measurement of the yellow pigment showed that orpiment and gold are a noticeable distinction between the lightness and b^⁎ values. In the case of the red pigment, a^⁎ values of areas painted with cinnabar tend to measure at high values. As a result of the optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy analyses, it was determined that Chinese ink was used for the black pigment, lead white and white clay were used for the white, and orpiment and gold for the yellow. The red pigment was found to be the result of minium, cinnabar and red ocher, atacamite was used as green pigment. Though the analysis results of the cross sections on very small exfoliation fragments of pigments, it was confirmed that white clay and lead white were used for the preparation layer. In addition, several coloration techniques were considered based on these analyses.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.3102-3107
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• 2013

Inorganic pigments were prepared from $Al_2O_3$, CoO, $Cr_2O_3$, ZnO, $SrO_2$ and Kaolin. The pigment was prepared through the processes of mixing and crushing of the raw materials, sintering, milling and drying. The color of the pigments was changed from blue to green as $Cr_2O_3$ contents in the pigment increased. The color became brighter irrespective of the pigment composition as pigment particle size became smaller. Maximum sintering temperature was the most suitable at around $1,250^{\circ}C$. In the test of compatability between the pigment and glaze, the color became close to green as $Cr_2O_3$ contents in the pigment increased, and became close to blue as CoO contents increased.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.299-300
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 $SiO_2$ 판상체 위에 저굴절 및 고굴절 금속 산화물을 다층 교차 증착하여 Pearl Pigment를 sputtering 공법을 이용하여 증착하였다. Pearl Pigment는 Essential Macleod program 을 이용한 색상과 증착된 pigment의 색상이 파장에 따라 blue, violet, pink, red, orange, yellow, green 등(Wave length : 450$\sim$730 nm)으로 동일하게 나타났고, 기존의 제품에 비해 색상효과가 뛰어나고, 표면 morphology가 우수하였다. 주사전자현미경(SEM)으로 막 두께, 표면 조직 및 입자 크기를 측정하였고, 스펙트로미터를 사용하여 각각의 파장을 분석하였으며 EDS, XRD를 이용하여 정성 및 정량 분석을 하였다.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.601-605
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• 2003

This study investigated the effect of dietary pigment sources on growth and shell color of juvenile abalone(Haliotis discus hannai). Three replicate groups of the abalone (average weight 173 mg) were fed diets containing various pigment sources such as Porphyra powder, Spirulina, yeast astaxanthin, and paprika extract for 16 weeks. Survival and weight gain were not affected by dietary pigment sources (P>0.05). Shell color of abalone fed diets containing Porphyra powder and Spirulina approached the yellow-red and orange, colors similar to wild abalone. However, shell color of abalone fed the diets containing yeast astaxanthin and paprika extract were similar to the bright green control group. These results should be useful for changing the shell color of abalone in aquaculture.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.491-492
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 $Al_2O_3$, $SiO_2$ 판상체 위에 저굴절 및 고굴절 금속 산화물을 다층 교차 증착하여 Pearl Pigment를 sputtering 공법을 이용하여 증착하였다. Pearl Pigment는 Essential Macleod program 을 이용한 색상과 증착된 pigment의 색상이 파장에 따라 blue, violet, pink, red, orange, yellow, green 등(Wave length 450~623 nm)으로 동일하게 나타났고, 기존의 제품에 비해 색상효과기 뛰어나고, 표면 morphology가 우수하였다. 광학 현미경 및 주사전자현미경(SEM)으로 막 두께, 표면 조직 및 입자 크기를 측정하였고, EDS, XRD를 이용하여 정성 및 정량 분석을 하였다.