• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.528-534
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• 2015

Green manure crops have been well recognized as the alternative for chemical fertilizer, especially N fertilizer, because of its positive effect on soil and the environment. Hairy vetch and green barley are the most popular crops for cultivation of rice in paddy field. This study was conducted to evaluate effects of hairy vetch and green barley on soil microbial community and chemical properties during short-term application (three years). For this study, treatments were composed of hairy vetch (Hv), green barley (Gb), hairy vetch + green barley (Hv+Gb), and chemical fertilizer without green manure crops (Con.). Hv+Gb treatment showed the highest microbial biomass among treatments. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that PC1 (73.0 %) was affected by microbial biomass and PC2 (21.5 %) was affected by fungi, cy19:0/18:$1{\omega}7c$ (stress indicator). Combined treatment with hairy vetch and green barley could be more efficient than green manure crop treatment as well as chemical fertilizer treatment for improvement of soil microorganisms.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.378-380
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• 2012

BACKGROUND: In Korea, green manure has been cultivated for reducing chemical fertilizer application, maintaining soil fertility, and feeding livestock in winter season. We evaluated the phosphate balance under green manure-rice cultivating system with different removal rates of green manure for maintaining soil fertility. METHODS AND RESULTS: The barley and hairy vetch mixture was selected as the green manure in this study. The barley and hairy vetch was sowed at a rate of 135 and 23 kg/ha, respectively, without fertilizer application. Total aboveground biomass was 12000 (barley: 5400 kg/ha, hairy vetch: 6600 kg/ha) kg/ha, and these green manure were incorporated with different input rates before rice planting. The input rates of green manure in this study were 0 (NPK+0%), 25 (NPK+25%), 50 (NPK+50%), 75 (NPK+75%) and 100 % (NPK+100) and the standard fertilization (NPK) without green manure cultivation. All treatments were applied with standard fertilizer (N-P-K: 90-19.6-48.3 kg/ha) before rice planting. The highest rice yield was observed in NPK+50% which was 20% higher compared with NPK. The phosphate balance with different incorporation rates of green manure was-104.0,-76.8,-52.9,-27.4, and 6.0 kg/ha for NPK+0%, NPK+25%, NPK+50%, NPK+75%, and NPK+100%, respectively. CONCLUSION(S): The use of green manure for livestock feeding in green manure-rice cropping systems could remove a huge amount of phosphate. This cropping system strongly requires phosphate application before green manure seeding for maintaining soil fertility.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.703-709
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• 2011

This study was conducted at Korea's typical soil, loamy soil, to figure out the effect of how barley green manure (B), hairy vetch (HV) and the mixed-planting hairy vetch with barley green manure (HV/B) affecting on the yield of rice, usage of nutrient and soil characteristics. Supplying amount of nitrogen from HV, HV/B and B were 172.8 kg $ha^{-1}$, 64.3 kg $ha^{-1}$ and 38.6 kg $ha^{-1}$, respectively. Hairy vetch had the highest plant height and SPAD of rice and next was hairy vetch/barley, chemical fertilizer (CF), none fertilizer (NF), and green manure barley. The amount of rice yield was 5.51 ton $ha^{-1}$ with HV, and 4.24 ton $ha^{-1}$ with HV/B. The chemical characteristics of soil showed lower pH and exchangeable cations (Ca and Mg) at B, HV and HV/B plot rather than that of chemical fertilizer (CF) plot. However, the physical characteristics of soil and the porosity rate showed better tendency at the green manure crops than CF. Nitrogen nutrient balance was showed the most balanced at CF, otherwise field of application of green manure crops were required the appropriate nutrition management if future crops would be cultivated because nitrogen nutrient could be devastated or accumulated.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.209-209
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• 2017

The application of liquid swine manure to soil has been commonly reported to increase crop productivity by improving plant nutrient availability. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of liquid swine manure (LSM) application on yield of green manure crops in paddy. Three different application rates of LSM equivalent to 25%, 50%, and 75% of standard fertilization rate of P were applied to the paddy field after rice harvest, and two cover crops, hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), were subsequently mix-seeded and cultivated. Plant height of barley was 7% higher in LSM P25% and LSM P50% compared to control treatment (no LSM application), while no significant difference was observed between LSM P75% and control. However, there were no significant differences in plant height of hairy vetch among treatments. Dry matter (DM) yield of green manure increased with LSM application rate, reaching a maximum at LSM P50% (38 and 17% yield increase over control for hairy vetch and barley, respectively), but it decreased at LSM P75% rate. Nitrogen production by green manure crops was the highest in LSM P50% treatment, where the amount of produced N was 57% higher than the optimum N fertilization level for rice ($90kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$). Excess green manure biomass above an optimum level can be removed and utilized either for incorporation into nearby cropland or for sale as fresh forage. Therefore, it is concluded that the application rate of LSM P50% is recommendable for the maximum biomass and nitrogen production from green manure crops in paddy.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.308-312
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• 2012

본 연구는 녹비작물-벼 재배 작부체계에서 볏짚과 녹비작물을 전량 회수하여 사료작물로 활용시 농경지 비옥도 관리를 위한 양분수지를 평가하였다. 녹비보리와 헤어리베치 혼파비율에 따른 녹비작물 생산량은 B75H25에서 가장 높게 나타났다. B75H25 처리구의 벼 수량은 NPK 처리구 대비 90%를 보였다. 녹비작물과 볏짚을 전량 회수시 NPK, B100, B75H25, B50H50, B25H75, H100 처리구의 질소 수지는 각각 2.0, -80.8, -104.0, -93.5, -82.9, 76.2 kg N/ha 이었다. 그리고 질소 수지가 가장 낮은 B75H25 처리구의 인산수지는 -50.3 kg P/ha로 가장 낮았다. 따라서 녹비작물-벼 재배 작부체계에서 녹비작물과 볏짚을 전량 사료로 활용시 농경지 비옥도 유지를 위해서 각각 약 90 kg N /ha, 50 kg P/ha의 질소와 인산 시비가 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 금후 녹비작물을 사료로 활용하고자 할 경우 화학비료 시용량과 적정 녹비작물의 회수량에 관한 연구가 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.115-120
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• 2017

Background: The study aimed to obtain data on the effects of cultivation and soil reduction of green manure crop on the quantity and quality of organically cultivated Cynanchum wilfordii Hemsley. Methods and Results: The experiment comprised four treatments: control, hairy vetch, barley, and hairy vetch + barley (3 : 2). The plant height in the hairy vetch treatment (86.3 cm) was significantly different from that in the other treatments, whereas the stem diameter leaf area, and special product analysis division (SPAD) value did not differ across the treatments. The largest soil reduction of green manure crop was recorded in the barley treatment (440 kg/10 a), whereas the smallest was recorded in the single treatment with hairy vetch (80 kg/10 a). The hairy vetch + barley (60 : 40) treatment showed 63% more soil microorganisms than control. Radical scavenging activity estimation revealed that the total polyphenol content was highest (1,740 mg/kg), and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was 92.6% in the barley treatment. The 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) activation was highest in the control (51.1%), and the root yield was the highest in the barley treatment (310 kg/10 a). Conclusions: The root yield, total polyphenol content, and antioxidant activity of Cynanchum wilfordii (Maxim.) Hemsley increased in presence of the green manure crop barley.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.318-318
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• 2017

This study was conducted to find optimum mixed sowing ratio of green manure crops to reduce the use of chemical fertilizer as well as to increase the crop yield potential which will foster the utilization of green manure crops in the upland field in view of environment friendly agriculture. According to the study, the mixed ratio, 50:50, of hairy vetch and green barley showed highest nitrogen production yield in the soil due to the relatively higher organic nitrogen supply from the hairy vetch plant as well as nitrogen fixation from the air rather than other mixed ratio. In the 50:50 mixed ratio of hairy vetch and green barely total nitrogen amount in the soil showed 17.2kg per 10a, but in the other treatment ratio such as 75:25, 25:75. total nitrogen fixation amount were 16.7, 16.9 respectively. We also conducted the experiment to compare the effect of the mixed sowing treatment of green manure crops on the production of corn cultivated as a succeeding plant of hairy vetch. According to the result, the mixed ratio, 50:50, of hairy vetch and green barley treatment showed highest yield potential of corn as 153kg per 10a in seed weight which is due to the relatively higher organic nitrogen supply from the hairy vetch plant as well as nitrogen fixation from the air rather than other mixed ratio. In the mixed sowing treatment of hairy vetch 100 and barley 0 ratio, the corn production showed 148kg per 10a which is 5kg lower than that of hairy vetch 50 and barley 50 ratio, but showed statistically no difference between those two treatment. Otherwise, different treatments, such as hairy vetch 75 and barley 25, 25 and 75, 0 and 100 showed statistically different each other. Therefore, it was concluded that green manure crops, such as hairy vetch, green barley and rye were very effective crops to increase the soil fertility and gave the positive effect to the crops to give vegetative and propagative growth condition and, in turn, increased the yield potential. We have to make policy to enhance the utility of green manure crops in the upland crops as well as faddy field for the soil fertility and crop yield production which will guarantee prominent quality of environment friendly agriculture products.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.689-696
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• 2015

The green manure crops are returned to soil when the plants are still green. The green manure crops play a role in reducing chemical fertilizers, improvement of soil fertility, reduction of soil erosion, weed control, and landscapes effect. Typical green manure crops are barley green manure, hairy vetch, chines milk vetch and clovers. We sowed 49 species of green manure crops in upland soil to increase the usage of green manure crops. We searched the effectiveness of green manure yield, C/N ratio, soil mulching, and landscape effect. The green manure crops that have $5tonha^{-1}$ or more of green manure yield (fresh weight) were 6 gramineous crops, 4 leguminous crops, and 3 others. Green manures yield in a short growth period was higher in gramineous crops than leguminous crops. Among the green manure crops, 3 gramineous crops, 12 leguminous crops, and 3 others were under 25 in C/N ratio. Seven gramineous crops, 8 leguminous crops, and 5 others were over 50% of soil covering rate. Green manure crops that have beautiful flowers were in total 16 kinds, such as 4 gramineous crops, 6 leguminous crops, and 6 others. In result, based on green manure yield and C/N ratio, excellent species in the green manure crops were 4 species (triticale, 2 kinds of hairy vetch, and lupin). Green manure crops that were effective at soil mulching were 20 species, like hairy vetch, oats, sorghum, phacelia, buckwheat, etc. Buckwheat, crotalaria, mustard plant, phacelia, and etc. could be available for landscape crops.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.255-272
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• 2011

우리나라 유기채소는 대부분 시설재배에서 생산되고 있으나, 그 동안 시설재배는 다수확을 목표로 과다한 유기자재 투입에 의한 토양염류 증가로 인한 토양 내 문제점이 발생되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 고추 무경운 시설 유기재배 시 녹비작물 재배 효과를 검토하기 위하여 본 시험을 수행하였다. 1.녹비작물의 생육 및 수량 월동 녹비작물을 파종 74일 후에 조사한 결과 건물 수량은 10a당 호밀은 720kg, 보리는 530kg, 헤어리베치는 230kg, 완두콩과 잡초는 240kg 수준이었으며, 1일 생체중으로 10a당 호밀과 보리는 100kg, 헤어리베치는 65kg 정도 하루에 증가되었다. 녹비작물을 파종하지 않은 무처리와 발아율이 낮은 완두콩 재배구에서 빈 공간에 7종의 잡초가 발생되었는데, 쇠별꽃과 황새냉이 2종의 잡초 발생량이 99% 이상을 점유 건물수량은 135kg 수준이었다. 2.녹비작물의 무기성분 녹비작물 식물체의 질소농도는 완두콩과 헤어리베치가 4.5%, 보리와 호밀은 3~4% 수준이었다. 식물체내 칼리와 칼슘, 마그네슘의 함량도 완두콩과 헤어리베치가 호밀, 보리보다 높은 경향을 보였다. 녹비작물의 식물체내 인산 함량과 칼슘 그리고 마그네슘 함량은 녹비의 종류에 관계없이 1% 내외였으나, 칼륨은 식물체의 무기성분이 4~5% 수준으로 다량 원소 중 가장 높게 나타났다. 녹비작물의 지상부가 체내에 고정한 총 질소량이 10a당 호밀과 보리는 20.6~22.1kg으로 헤어리베치, 완두콩+쇠별꽃 보다 2배 이상 많았다. 인산과 칼리의 고정량도 호밀과 보리는 6.3~8.4kg/10a으로 헤어리베치와 완두콩+쇠별꽃에 비하여 2.7배 정도 많았고, 칼리의 고정량도 호밀과 보리는 24.7~28kg/10a으로 헤어리베치와 완두콩+쇠별꽃 보다 2배 정도 많았다. 그리고 녹비작물에 의하여 흡수된 칼슘량은 10a당 2~3kg 수준이었으며 마그네슘은 1.7~2.6kg 수준이었다. 3.녹비작물과 고추 재배에 따른 토양 화학성 변화 녹비작물 재배 토양의 pH는 무처리를 포함하여 재배 전 토양에 비하여 증가되었다. 녹비작물 재배 토양의 염류농도는 감소되었으며, 보리녹비를 제거한 토양의 염류농도는 현저하게 감소되었다. 호밀과 헤어리베치 재배 토양의 유기물함량은 변함이 없었으나, 무처리와 보리, 완두콩재배 토양에서는 감소되었으며, 녹비를 환원하여 고추를 재배한 토양의 유기물 함량은 호밀과 헤어리베치 재배 토양에서 감소되었다. 녹비작물 재배 토양의 총질소 함량은 감소되었으나, 녹비를 환원하여 고추를 재배한 토양의 총질소 함량은 증가되었다. 녹비작물 재배토양과 녹비를 환원 고추를 재배한 토양의 유효인산 함량은 감소되었다. 녹비작물 재배 토양의 양이온친환용량은 감소되었으나, 녹비를 환원하여 고추를 재배한 토양에서 양이온 치환용량이 증가되었다. 토양의 K, Ca, Mg 함량은 녹비작물 재배 토양과 녹비 환원 후 고추를 재배한 토양에서 감소되었다. 4.녹비작물 재배지 무경운 유기재배 고추의 생육 및 수량 녹비작물 재배 토양에 무경운으로 재배한 고추의 생육은 녹비 품종간에는 차이가 적었다. 고추 수확과수는 녹비작물을 재배하지 않은 무처리와 녹비 건물량이 적은 보리 예취이용구와 완두콩 및 헤어리베치 재배지가 보리와 호밀 재배지에 비하여 수확과수가 현저하게 많았다. 고추의 수량은 보리를 예취하여 이용한 처리와 녹비작물을 재배하지 않은 무처리 및 녹비량이 적은 완두콩과 헤어리베치 재배지가 화본과 녹비작물 재배지보다 많았다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.413-416
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• 2008

The cultivation of green manure crop is considered as a good management practice by increasing soil organic matter and fertility levels. This experiment was conducted to improve the soil environment under rice-based cropping system at paddy soil (fine loamy, mixed, nonacid, mesic, family of Aeric Fluventic Haplaquepts) in National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Korea in 2006 to 2007. The variation of soil temperature in green manure plots was lower than without green manure (control) during spring season (April to May). The temperature variation of no tillage plot (broadcast before rice harvest) was the lowest among treatments. After green manure cropping, the soil bulk density and porosity ratio were improved at the top soil. The production of green manure was the highest athairy vetch and barley mixture plot by partial tillage. However, mixture treatment had no improvement on soil organic matter. After rice cropping with green manure application, soil quality was improved such as soil physical properties except mixture treatment. Therefore, we suggest that soil quality should be improved by green manure cultivation under rice-based cropping system.