• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.284-293
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• 2020

We present a quantitative survey of the carbon storage and absorption capacity of tree species in the vegetation conservation and ecological restoration areas of Bulamsan urban nature park in Nowon-gu, Seoul. The density of the sawtooth oak (Quercus acutissima) community in the ecological conservation area is approximately 30 individuals/225 ㎡, while a further 20 species, such as Japanese snowbell (Styrax obassia), galcham oak (Quercus aliena), Asian Sweetleaf (Symplocos chinensis f. pilosa), East Asian ash (Fraxinus rhynchophylla), and Korean rhododendron (Rhododendron mucronulatum) are sparsely distributed. In contrast, the ecological restoration sites typically comprised Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica), jolcham oak (Quercus serrata), and East Asian ash (Fraxinus rhynchophylla) plantations, with planting densities of 8.3, 7.7, and 14.3 individuals/25 ㎡ , respectively. Approximately 10 species, including Amur maple (Acer tataricum subsp. ginnala), Korean mountain ash (Sorbus alnifolia), Japanese spice bush (Lindera obtusiloba), and Korean rhododendron (Rhododendron mucronulatum) were identified in the ecologically restored area. The total amounts of carbon stored by the trees in the vegetation conservation and ecological restoration sites are 250.77 and 19.3 t C ha-1, respectively, and the total annual carbon uptakes are 10.28 and 2.33 t C ha-1 yr-1, respectively. The survey results are expected to provide important basic data for monitoring the carbon absorption capacity and carbon balance of green areas in the city.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.3
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• pp.344-351
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• 2011

The aim of this study is to clarify the psychological effects of walking in the urban forest and to examine how the effects differ in accordance with individual personality. The study subjects comprised 18 male Japanese university students ($21.0{\pm}0.8$ years old). These subjects were instructed to walk predetermined 20-min courses in the urban forest and the city (control). Three questionnaires (POMS, STAI-S, and SCL-90) were administered to assess the subjects' psychological responses. The KG's Daily Life Questionnaire was used to examine the subject's personalities for presence of the Type A behavior pattern. The study found that walking in the urban forest improved the participants' positive mood and decreased their negative mood, anxiety, and other negative mental symptoms. Moreover, Type B subjects showed a bigger change than Type A subjects on the SCL-90's obsessive and compulsive scale. Our results supported the premise that walking in the urban forest has relaxing effects, and that these effects can differ in accordance with the subject's personality characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.98-110
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• 2011

Seochon('West Village') is located in the west side of Gyeongbokgung(Gyeongbok Royal Palace) inside the old city wall of Seoul. Seochon has beautiful scenic view surrounding Mt. Inwang and has been known as the representative historical and cultural landscape region in Korea that historical and cultural resources are rich. But when the figure of Seochon which has repeated the changes with the ones of the times is considered, values of beauty of natural landscape that Seochon had and its own placeness have not been gradually recognized as it has been swept away in logic of the development on the strength of economics. This study tries to examine the original form of landscape on Seochon which can be the standard of landscape change, the causes and process of its change and possibility to conserve and restore it to recognize potential value about historical culture of Seochon landscape and conserve and protect it. For this, this study compared and analyzed literature including poems and Yusangi, paintings and names of the scenery of the seasons as the landscape texts with the current status. The study result has found that Pilwundae should rehabilitate cultural assets to secure the prospect right and protect neighboring bedrock, Suseong-dong should expand the restoration areas focusing on the projects to make parks which are now being restored, Cheonghwigak and Cheongpunggye areas should restore waterways including historicity which is connected to figures and Seshimdae and Baekun-dong green zone should set the protective area for conservation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.42-53
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• 2021

Street trees improve the cityscape and air quality, reduce heat islands, and create wildlife habitats. Hence, they are essential parts of a city's green infrastructure. Therefore, several trees that are well adapted to the urban environment were planted. However, this caused the problem of simple trees being planted around the world. This study is to select more various street trees. To accomplish this, evaluation criteria and detailed indexes were created. The importance was indicated through the Analytic Hierarchy Process. For commercial roads, the priority of landscape characteristics is 0.2640, and among detailed indicators, the priority of shape is 0.1245. For work roads, the priority of landscape characteristics is 0.2496, and among detailed indicators, the priority of shape is 0.1177. For work roads, the priority of characteristics of civil service is 0.2250, and among detailed indicators, the priority of shape is 0.1177. For general roads, the priority of maintenance characteristics is 0.2479, and among detailed indicators, the priority of shape is 0.1062. For historical and cultural roads, the priority of regional characteristics is 0.3488, and among detailed indicators, the priority of regional characteristics is 0.1643. For ecological roads, the priority of ecosystem characteristics is 0.3488, and among detailed indicators, the priority of the diversity of species is 0.1643. For automotive-only roads, the priority of the ecosystem characteristics is 0.4639, and among detailed indicators, the priority of reducing emissions is 0.1643. This study will provide objective criteria for the selection of street trees.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.731-741
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• 2020

University campus plans include urban and spatial values and identities that they emphasize. The purpose of this study is to analyze sustainable campus policy, space, and the application to architectural planning, which UBC in Canada pursues independently from a Green Campus Certificate System. Sustainable directions and architectural components are deduced. The results are as follows: 1) the correspondence between the campus plan's goal and architectural implementation is the most important. Thus, the university must build a system for the plan's goal and a strategy to make a sustainable campus. 2) A guideline and system are requested to make many experts in various fields and stakeholders participate in the initial stage through "Design Charrette." 3) A system of virtuous circulation must be built so that feedback can be applied through the real-time comparison and verification of building energy consumption. Another goal of this study is emphasizing the necessity of campus policy and plans based on the "Living Laboratory" concept to make a sustainable city. This study could be meaningful because it supports a basis for triggering the establishment of goals for a sustainable plan and implementation in Korean universities.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.110 no.1
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• pp.22-34
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• 2021

The implementation of the sunset provision of unexecuted urban parks in Seoul has been postponed; however, the mentioned parks still remain vulnerable since they can be subject to development under certain circumstances. Local governments may purchase the parks to prevent their loss but are constrained due to limited resources. The purpose of this study is to prioritize the purchase of unexecuted urban parks in Seoul based on landscape connectivity, which represents the important role of allowing the movement of wildlife and providing biodiversity in urban environments. In this study, we used four potential scenarios (PB100, PB1, PA100, PA1), which reflects the degree of land cover change resulting from the implementation of the sunset provision, and the role of Han River as a conduit or barrier for wildlife movement. Landscape connectivity was evaluated by calculating current flow betweenness centrality (CFBC). This was used to rank the importance of the unexecuted urban parks in Seoul. The results demonstrated that the implementation of the sunset provision will greatly decrease the connectivity of all parks in Seoul and particularly more so for parks in the southern part of the city. In addition, the results suggested that the low connectivity of Han river will diminish the connectivity around Bukhansan Mountain in the northern part of Seoul. Our study can be used for the prioritization of purchase, since it has the ability to evaluate the anticipated vulnerability of each park's connectivity after the sunset provision.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.387-397
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• 2021

This study aims to present reference data necessary for developing evaluation indicators to analyze the actual resilience of purchased land by investigating the factors that affect the restoration of the purchased land in the riparian zone and quantitatively calculating its importance. The main results are as follows. Firstly, this study identified 34 potential resilience factors through a literature review encompassing domestic and overseas studies and derived seven ecological responsiveness factors, six physical responsiveness factors, and four managerial responsiveness factors through the Delphi survey. Secondly, reliability analysis and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis derived the following important factors: structural stability of the vegetation restored in the purchased land, species diversity of wildlife, structural stability of wildlife, the size of restored wetland after purchase, number of plant species, and the land cover status adjacent to the purchased land. The study results are expected to be helpful information for ecological restoration and management plans reflecting reinforcing factors for resilience at each stage of land purchase, restoration, and management.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.40-49
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• 2004

Phyllostachys pubescens planted in the Nambu Forest Experiment station in Jinju city of Gyongnam province was used, to investigate the physical and mechanical property of bamboo in this study. The ages of the P. pubescens were 1, 2 and 3 years, respectively. This experiment was carried out in August and January. The P. pubescens were divided into upper, middle and lower parts according to the growing points. The physical and mechanical properties of the P. pubescens were investigated before and after treatment of hot water and microwave irradiation. 1. The upper part of the P. pubescens indicated the highest static MOE according to the growing points. The range of the static MOE was from 70,000 to 110,000kgf/cm². 2. When P. pubescens were treated with hot water of 95℃, the ratio of softening was about 10~30%. 3. As microwave irradiation time was increased, the MOE values was decreased in both green and water-saturated bamboos. For the irradiation time of 20 and 30 seconds, the static MOE of P. pubescens was decreased up to about 50% comparing with non-treated.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.249-253
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• 2021

Litter and manure were obtained at a cow house of a livestock farm in Andondg city. We examined the change of formation of nitrogen and phosphorous from these samples and tried to suggest a more useful and realistic way for removing them. Constituent and its content of sample were identified by XRF. NO₂^-, NO₃^-, and PO₄^3- ions and NH₄⁺, T-P and T-N released from sample were analyzed using ion chromatograph and UV/Vis spectrometry, respectively. As the results of this study, the ammonia nitrogen in the early stage of cow excretion is a need to make an ammonia gas state that can be immediately volatile by increasing the pH. Nitrogen and phosphorous, the main source of nutrition in green algal bloom can be removed by transforming insoluble salts such as calcium phosphate (CaHPO₄·3H₂O) and struvite (NH₄MgPO₄·6H₂O), respectively, with addition of Ca and Mg after stimulating fermentation of manure.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.85-97
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• 2023

Seoul Boramae Park was opened on May 5, 1986, after the Republic of Korea Air Force Academy relocated to Cheongju City in 1985. This study aims to examine the birth and evolution of Seoul Boramae Park and diagnose the park's value being transformed from the former site of the Air Force Academy. Policy reports and newspaper data were analyzed as a research method, focusing on Seoul public records. The study results are as follows. First, Seoul Boramae Park is a large-scale park created before the policy for parks on relocated sites we enacted. Second, Seoul Boramae Park has historical value as an urban park where memories and traces of the Air Force Academy overlap. Third, Seou Boramae Park contributed to regional change by promoting the public value of parks created on the relocated sites with an urban planning method. Seoul Boramae Park has implications for Korean landscape history as a case of securing large green areas in Seoul and presenting its function and roles as a park created on a relocated site.