• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.227-259
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• 1989

Waterpepper is a weed which grows on damp soil. especially near swamps, and in shallow water of ponds and ditches. It Is widespread throughout the country In abundant colonies. In the present experiments, possible toxic effects of waterpepper were investigated in ruminants. Pour cows were fed waterpepper ad libitum or by force in the from of green forage, hay and/or powder, 8 goats were administered in the form of methanol extract, and 4 goats, crude juice, into the lumen. Clinical signs were examined as well as urinalysis, hematology, serum chemical analysis, pH/blood gas analysis and chclinesterase activities following administration of waterpepper. Six goats which were administered the methanol extract or crude juice were sacrificed for pathological examinations., In addition to the clini copathological examinations, the chemical constituents of waterpepper were qualitively analyzed from the methanol extract and the Effects of the waterpepper crude juice were examined on the motility of rabbit duodenum and uterus. It is revealed that waterpepper contains steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannin and essential oils in the methanol extract and nitrates in the crude juice. The crude juice of waterpepper relaxed the rabbit uterine and duodenal smooth muscles. The constraction of duodenum by acetylcholine or BaCl$_2$ were partially inhibited by pretreatment of the crude juice. However, the relaxation of duodenum by the crude juice was not blocked by the pretreatments of phenoxybenzamlne, propranolol, cocaine, reserpine and tetrodotoxin. The constituents of waterpepper to evoke elaxation of duodenal smooth muscle were stable to heat. The cows administered waterpepper showed common clinical symptoms such as acrid expression, restlessness, dullness, inappetence, anorexia, severe diarrhea, mild bloat and left displacement of abomasum, while bloody feces was shown in a cow. The goats administered the mothanol extract showed common clinical signs such as acrid expression, restlessness, dullness, inappetence and soft feces, while bloody feces was shown in a goat, A goat adminstered the crude juice showde bloody feces and diarrhea. Respiratory rates and heart beats were increased along with diarrhea in the experimental cows. The erythrocyte counts and MCHC were decreased whereas PCV, MCV and neutrophils were increased in the cows administered waterpepper. In goats administered methanol extract, there were decreases in erythrocytes, PCV and hemoglobin content, and an increase in MCHC. The goats ingester with the crude juice showed negligible changes in hematologic values compared with control group which was administered the same amount of water instead of the crude juice. The contents of serum calcium, Inorganic phosphorus, magnesium, Iron, glucose, cholesterol, total protein, triglycerides and phospholipids were tended to decrease in cows. In goats serum iron, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, BUN and phospholipids content were decreased while the content of sodium and chloride were increased after administration of the methamol extract The goats ingested with the crude juice did not show significant changes in serum chemical analysis. Even though there were some pathological findings such as hyperemia in the small intestines and kidneys and swelling of liver parenchymal cells, the values of serum AST, ALT, LDH, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin and creatinine did not change significantly. While proteins, hemoglobin and blood were detected in the urine of cows, urine pH, ketone bodies, glucose, bilirubin and urobilinogen content were normal or undetected. There were no significant changes in pH/bolld gas analysis data of cows and cholinesterase activities of plasma and erythrocytes of cows and goats ingested with waterpepper or the methanol extract. It is concluded that waterpepper irritates the gatrointestinal system, causes abdominal pain, relaxes the gastrointestinal smooth muscle and dilatates blood vessels supplied to the system. The irritation and relaxation may lead to abnormal fermentation, maldigestion and malabsorption of nutrients and result in diarrhea, body feces, mild bloat and left displacement of abomasum.

• 복식
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• 제18권
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• pp.111-131
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• 1992

This thesis was designed to study Symbolics of Chinese Liturgical Vestments. Chinese who regarded the life of human beings as the combination of heaven and earth considered garments as the traditional product of the movement of nature. Accordingly, they thought human beings are the center of the universe composed by heaven and earth and the chief of all things; therefore man only can utilize clothes to distinguish from all of the colours. This views of clothes led to the development of liturgical vestments esteemed courtesy than anything else, especially the thought of courtesy associated with Conficius who regarded courtesy as the highest things and since then the theory of Five Elements and courtesy were inherited by all the adherents of Conficius. Yin and Yang Five Elements in the liturgical vestments was given absolute symbolics in both formative side and in colourful side. results of research studied in this was can be summed up as follows : 1. The crown of rites was made imitating after the system of head, horn, beard, bread of birds and beasts and that form of crown is front-circ-ular and back-rectangular meant to be towards light and dark. That the upper part of faceplace is black represented the way of heaven and lower part of red symbolized the way of earth. 2. Upper vestment of liturgical rites symbolizes heaven and outskirt represented earth. So front of outskirt is YANG and back is Yin. It is why then are going to harmonize positive and negative making front part three width and back part four width. Therefore, emperor who symbolizes heaven made the subjects recognize high and low and wore Dae-gu(大 ), Kon-bok(袞服), Bel-bok, Chui-bok, and Hyonbok according to the object and position of rites so that he may rule the country based on courtesy. 3. As an accessory of liturgical vestments, Bul, Pae-ok, Su, Dae-dai, Hyok-Dai, Kyu, and Hol were used. Before Bul was used man dressed skirt as the first waist-dress in order to conceal intimate part of the body. Pae-ok, as decoration blended with jade was worn by men of virtue, so men of virtue symbolized morality and virtue by Pae-ok. Su began from Yeok, connected with Pae-su , in Chou-dynasty is said to be originated by practical needs and they are divided into large Su and small su, and maintained as decoration to signify the class positions. Dae-dai did the work as not to loose the liturgical vestments and leather belt hang Bul and Su to begin as the function of practical use are in later years it became decoration to symboliz e the class position. Kyu was a jade used when empeor nominated feudal lords and observe ceremony to God and Hol, was held in hands to record everything not to forget. These Kyu and Hol became to offer courtesy during the time of rites and in later years it became used according to class position rather than practical use. 4. As far as colours are concerned, colours based by five colours according to YIN-YANG Five Elements theory and they were divided into a primary colour and a secondary colours. Primary colours corresponded with the theory of Five Elements each other, Blue, Red, Tellow, White, and Black symbolized ive Elements, five hour space, five directions, and five emperors. Secondary colours contradict with Blue, Red, Yellow, White and Black and another as a primary colour and they are Green, Scaret, Indigo, Violet, Hun colour, Chu colour, and Chi colour. This primary colour was used in liturgical vestments, that is, upper-vestments used black colour. This primary colour was used in liturgical vestments, that is, upper-vestments used black colour as primary colour and outskirt was used Hun colour as secondary colours. Thus symbolism in chinese liturgical vestments mainly began with heaven and earth and corresponded with YIN-YANG Five Elements Scool. They were developed as the scholary theory and Conficius and his followers in the later days and continued up to Min-dynasty.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.1407-1413
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• 2005

An experiment was conducted in order to assess the effect of level of RDP:UDP ratio and level of feeding concentrate on milk yield, milk composition and nutrient utilization in lactating crossbred cattle. Twenty four medium producing (-10 kg/d, 45 to 135 days postpartum) lactating crossbred cows were divided into four groups of six animals each in a 2${\times}$2 factorial completely randomized design. The cows in group 1 were fed concentrate mixture I containing 59:41 RDP:UDP ratio (low UDP) at normal plane (LUDP+NP), in group 2 were fed low UDP ration at 115% of NRC (1989) requirements (LUDP+HP), whereas cows in group 3 were fed concentrate mixture II containing 52:48 RDP:UDP ratio (high UDP) at normal plane (HUDP+NP) and in group 4 were fed high UDP ration at 115% of NRC (1989) requirements (HUDP+HP). Green jowar was fed ad libitum as the sole roughage to all the animals. The experimental feeding trial lasted for 105 days. The total dry matter intake (DMI), DMI/100 kg body weight, DMI/kg $W^{0.75}$, digestibilities of DM, OM, CP, CF, EE and NFE and intakes of TDN and DCP did not differ significantly among the different groups and also due to both UDP level and plane of nutrition and also due to their interaction. The total dry matter intake varied from 145 g in group 1 (LUDP +NP) to 152.57 g/kg $W^{0.75}$ in group 2 (LUDP+HP) diet. However, increase in milk yield with increased UDP level and also with increased plane of nutrition was observed consistently throughout the experimental period. The average milk yield was 7.66, 8.15, 8.64 and 9.35 kg in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively and there was no significant difference in milk yield among different groups of cows. The overall daily average milk yields in cows fed with low and high UDP diets were 7.91 and 8.99 kg, respectively and at normal and higher plane of feeding the milk yields were 8.15 and 8.75 kg/day, respectively. Thus, there was 13.65% increase in milk yield due to high UDP level and 7.36% due to higher plane of feeding. The daily 4% FCM yields were 9.20 kg for low UDP diet and 10.28 kg for high UDP diet, whereas it was 9.11 kg at normal plane of feeding and 10.37 kg at higher plane of feeding. Fat yields for the corresponding treatment groups were 0.37, 0.43, 0.41 and 0.48 kg, respectively. The 4% FCM yield and also fat yield did not differ significantly among different dietary treatments and also due to UDP level and plane of nutrition, however, 4% FCM yield was increased by 11.74% with high UDP level and 13.83% with higher plane of feeding. The values for total solids, fat, lactose, solids-not-fat and gross energy contents in milk differed significantly (p<0.05) among the different groups and were significantly (p<0.05) higher in milk of cows fed LUDP+HP diet followed by HUDP+HP diet. Total solids (14.65 and 13.83%), lactose (5.44 and 4.92%), solids-not-fat (9.44 and 8.83%) and gross energy (887 and 838 kcal/kg) of milk decreased significantly (p<0.05) with increased UDP level while total solids (13.84 and 14.64), fat (4.84 and 5.36%) and gross energy (832 and 894 kcal/kg) increased significantly (p<0.05) with increase in plane of feeding. Gross and net energetic efficiencies and also gross and net efficiencies of nitrogen utilization for milk production were not significantly different among different groups and also were not affected significantly due to either UDP levels or plane of feeding. Results of the present study suggest that, increasing UDP level from 41% to 48% of CP in concentrate mixture and also increasing plane of feeding from normal (100%) to 115% of NRC requirements maintain a consistently higher milk production.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.263-272
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• 2012

유엔기후변화협약회의(UNFCCC)에서는 이산화탄소 포집 및 저장(Carbon dioxide capture and storage, CCS)의 부족한 경제성 확보 및 개발도상국으로의 확대의 하나의 방편으로 CCS를 청정개발체제(Clean Development Mechanism, CDM)로 수용하는 것에 대한 논의가 2005년부터 진행되었다. CCS의 CDM 수용과 관련하여 CCS 기술보유국 및 산유국과 개발도상국간의 의견차이로 인하여 합의를 이루지 못하고 논의가 거듭되다, '10.12월 칸쿤 회의결과, CCS의 CDM 수용 가능성에 대해 합의가 이루어졌다(CMP[2010], Decision7/CMP.6). 당시 당사국들은 CCS의 CDM 수용을 위해 방식 및 절차에 관련한 주요 이슈, 즉, 1) 저장지 선정, 2) 모니터링, 3) 모델링, 4) 경계, 5) 누수 측정 및 계산, 6) 월경 효과, 7) 연계프로젝트 배출 계산, 8) 위해성 및 안전성 평가, 9) CDM 체제하의 책임 등에 대한 합의를 우선 요구하였으며, 동기간 동안 과학 기술자문부속기구(SBSTA)에서는 의견 교환 및 워크숍 개최 등을 통해 방식 및 절차에 대한 초안을 마련하였다. 이 초안을 바탕으로 '11년 12월 남아공 더반 회의에서 마침내 CCS기술을 CDM으로 수용키로 최종 합의하였다(CMP[2011], Decision-/CMP.7). CCS의 CDM 수용은 단순히 경제적 인센티브의 제공이라는 의미를 넘어 CCS 기술이 국제사회에서 이산화탄소 저감기술로 공식적으로 인정받았다는 것을 의미하기에 국내의 관련 기술 및 산업뿐만 아니라 법 정책적 측면에서도 큰 영향을 미칠 것으로 보인다. 이에 본 논문에서는 각 이슈들에 대한 국제적 논의 동향을 분석하고, 이를 통해 현재 우리나라가 계획하고 있는 CCS 실용화를 위해 선행되어야 할 정책적 고려 사항을 도출하였다. 금번에 채택된 CCS기술의 CDM 체제 방식 및 절차에 따르면, 우리나라와 같은 비부속서 I 당사국도 방식 및 절차에서 제시한 법 제도를 수립할 경우 CCS CDM 사업 활동 수행이 가능하다. 현재 우리나라는 상위법인 '저탄소 녹색성장 기본법'이 제정되어 있으나 CCS CDM 방식과 절차에서 요구하고 있는 세부 법 제도 프레임웍은 미비한 상황이다. 따라서 단기적으로 포집, 수송, 저장 분야 별로 관련법 개정을 통해 CCS CDM 기반 조기 마련과 함께 장기적으로는 단일법 제정을 포함한 CDM 체제 하의 CCS 사업관련 종합적 법제도 기반을 준비할 것을 제언하고자 한다.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.245-265
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• 2004

일본의 제3기 퇴적분지 내 분포하는 주요 벤토나이트 광상인 Myogi, Tsukinuno, Dobuyama 및 Kawasaki 광상의 산상과 성인을 비교하였으며, 각 광상에서 산출되는 대표적 벤토나이트를 대상하여 광물학적 특성 및 물리화학적 특성이 비교되었다. 일본에서 산출되는 벤토나이트 광상은 신생대 제3기 마이오세기～플라이오세기에 형성된 녹색응회암대 내에 주로 분포한다. Myogi, Tsukinuno 및 Kawasaki 광상은 속성변질작용에 의해, Dobuyama 광상은 열수변질작용에 의해 형성 되었다. 속성변질광상인 Myogi, Tsukinuno 및 Kawasaki 광상은 층상형 또는 성층형 광체형을 보이나 열수변질광상인 Dobuyama 광상은 콘형의 광체형을 나타낸다. 이 광상들의 형성 시기는 1.8～21 Ma까지 넓은 년대 범위를 보이나 대체로 초기～중기 마이오세기에 형성되었다. 몬모릴로나이트 함량비가 가장 높은 Dobuyama 광석이 높은 표면적, CEC, MB 흡착량 및 강도 값을 보인다 몬모릴로나이트 함량비도 다소 높고 Na-형인 Tsukinuno 광석은 강 알카리성, 높은 점도 및 팽윤도를 보인다. Na-Ca 혼합형인 Kawasaki 광석들은 Na-형에 비해서는 낮은 점도와 팽윤도를 보이나 Ca-형인 Dobuyama 보다는 다소 높다. 제올라이트 함량비가 높은 Myogi 광석은 Na-형이나 몬모릴로나이트 함량비가 가장 낮기 때문에 낮은 점도, MB 흡착량, 강도값을 나타내나 CEC와 표면적 값은 다소 높다. 이는 제올라이트의 영향으로 생각된다. 대체적으로 수용액계에서 Na-형은 강한 분산이 초래되나 Ca-형은 응집이 보다 강하게 일어나며, 두 유형 모두 매우 서서히 응집이 초래되었다. 벤토나이트의 물성은 몬모릴로나이트의 함량, 층간 양이온종이나 불순광물(특히 제올라이트)에 의해 주로 규제되는 시료도 있지만, 몇 시료는 이와 일치되지 않는다. 이는 이 연구에서 확인치 못한 몬모릴로나이트의 층전하 간과 같은 결정-화학적 및 몬모릴로나이트의 형상비와 같은 결정 형태적 특성에 의한 영향일 것으로 해석 된다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.173-193
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• 1996

This study was carried out to elucidate the causes of farmer's disease and greenhouse disease in the rural area of Kyungnam province during 1996. 2,171 (69.1%) of the 3,140 adults above 20 years old who had lived in the selected 20 villages in Uiryong County of Kyungnam Province were selected in order to over both residents who live in the green house distracts and conventional rural area. The results were as follows: 1. Among the subjects, the male was 42.2% and female was 57.6%. The average age for the male was 52.3, 55.6 for the female. 2. The proportion of the farmers in the subjects was 81.5%. Among these 78.0% were engaged in the greenhouse farming. 3. Among the eight symptoms of Nofusho(japanese farmer's comples), lumbago was the most frequently complained and followed by shoulder stiffness and parenthesis of hand or foot. 4. The total score of farmer's disease was evidently higher in the female and the older the score was clearly bigger. 5. The prevalence of Nofusho(Japanese farmer's comples)was 26.8% and 43.15% was for the suspected Nofusho. In the male, the prevalence of Nofusho was 13.6% and 40.9% for the suspected Nofusho and in the female 36.5% and 44.7% were shown, comparatively. 6. According to the multiple classification analysis, sex, age, and occupation were selected as significant variables to explain the total score of Nofusho. 7. The correlations between the total score of Nofusho and the number of sick day, working years, and age were significant, comparatively. 8. According to the multiple classification analysis corolling interaction between independent variables, age was the only variable which was significant in the male and age, pesticide work in the female. 9. The score of greenhouse disease was highest in the group who engaged in greenhouse farming and conventional farming(2.76 for male, 3.77 for female) followed by the group who engaged only in greening house farming(2.66 for male, 3.49 for female) and by the group who engaged only in conventional farming(2.27 for male, 3.05 for female) 10. According to the multiple classification analysis with the total score of greenhouse disease as dependent variable, corolling interaction between independent variables, age and pesticide work were revealed as significant variables in the male, while, pesticide work and farming type were significant in the female. According to the above results, the following could be suggested. Because lumbago, shoulder stiffness, paresthesia of hand and foot were the most frequently complained symptoms in the respondent, the development of farming tool to reduce the body burden and periodical physical exercise and rest is highly recommended. It is revealed that both in the farmer' disease and greenhouse disease the score was higher in the female than in the male. So the reasonables measures is recommended to reduce the working hours of the female. Pesticide work was revealed as the significant variable in the female in farmer's disease and both in the male and the female in greenhouse disease. So the development of the safe method of pesticide spraying including safety education should be introduced. Particularly the female should be excluded in pesticide spraying.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제43권10호
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• pp.1510-1518
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 구연산칼슘 투여가 papain으로 유도된 골관절염 동물모델에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 8주령의 C57 BL/6J 마우스의 우측 슬관절강에 papain $6{\mu}L$를 투여하여 골관절염을 유발하였다. 실험군은 각 군당 8마리씩 체중이 고르게 배정하여 총 5군으로 나누었다. 정상군은 우측 슬관절강에 생리식염수 $6{\mu}L$를 주사하였고, 대조군, 약물투여군, 구연산칼슘 투여군은 papain $6{\mu}L$로 골관절염을 유발하였다. 정상군과 대조군은 0.2 mL의 생리식염수를, 약물투여군은 diclofenac sodium 2 mg/kg/bw를, 구연산칼슘 투여군은 150, 300 mg/kg/bw를 28일간 1일 매일 정해진 시간에 1회 경구 투여하였다. 실험기간 동안 체중을 측정하였으며, 실험 종료일에는 부검하여 슬관절의 병리조직학적 관찰을 하였고 관절연골 내 proteoglycan 함유율, 골관절염 지수의 변화, 혈액 내 TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 함량을 측정하였다. 체중은 실험기간 동안 모든 개체 간의 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 혈액 내 TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 함량은 papain 투여 대조군이 정상군에 비해 유의적으로 증가하였으며 약물 및 구연산칼슘 투여군은 대조군보다 유의성 있게 낮았다. 관절연골 내 proteoglycan의 함유율은 약물 및 구연산칼슘 투여군이 papain 투여 대조군보다 유의성 있게 높았다. Hematoxylin과 eosin 염색 관찰 결과, 골관절염이 유발된 마우스에 구연산칼슘을 경구 투여하였더니 관절연골의 파괴와 골 침식 등 연골의 변성이 약물 투여군과 유사하게 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과는 구연산칼슘이 papain으로 유도된 골관절염에서 연골의 변성을 줄이고 염증을 억제함으로써 골관절염 치료에 효과가 있은 것으로 사료되며, 추후 더 자세한 연구가 필요하다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.20-30
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• 1975

사용만 대포리산 바지락의 가공적성에 관한 실험을 하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 바지락의 각내부피에 대한 연체부의 무게 또는 각내부피에 대한 연체부의 부피의 측정값으로써 비만도를 측정하는 지표로 이용할 수 있다. 2. 서식지의 입도조성과 비만도와의 관계를 보면 자갈이 많은 곳이 비만도가 약간 떨어졌다. 3. 화학성분의 년중변화를 보면 수분과 지방은 대체로 역상관계가 있고, 단백질은 4월부터 증가하기 시작하여 $7\~8$월에 한때 약간 감소하지만, $9\~10$월에 증가하고, 11월에 다시 감소하기 시작하여 3월에 최저값을 나타내었다. 글리코겐은 3월이 $6.3\~6.8\%$로서 최고값을 나타내고, 이 때부터 계속 감소하여 10월에는 $0.1\~0.2\%$로서 최저값을 나타내고 11월부터 다시 증가하기 시작하여 3월에 최고값을 나타내었다. pH와 회분은 년중 큰 변화가 없었다. 4. 비만도 및 화학성분 분석 결과로써 가공적성을 판정한다면 $2\~6$월 및 $9\~10$월이 가공원료 채취 적기라고 볼 수 있다. 5. 토사를 배출시킨 바지락을 원료로써 보일드 통조림을 제조할 때, 참치 2호 C-enamel 관을 사용할 경우 주입액은 $0.15\%$ 구연산을 첨가한 $2\%$ 식염수 또는 $0.5\%$ $Na_2EDTA$를 첨가한 $2\%$ 식염수를 사용하고 , $112^{\circ}C$에서 60분간 살균하면 품질도 우수하고, 저장중 품질이 안전하다고 결론을 얻었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권8호
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• pp.1183-1189
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• 2013

연구에서는 굴 패각 추출물이 papain으로 유도된 골관절염 동물 모델에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 8주령의 C57BL/6J 마우스 우측 슬관절강에 papain $6{\mu}L$를 투여하여 골관절염을 유발하였다. 실험군은 각 군당 체중이 고르게 8마리씩 배정하여 총 다섯군으로 분류하였다. 정상군은 우측 슬관절강에 생리식염수 $6{\mu}L$ 주사하고 20일간 1일 1회 생리식염수 0.2 mL씩 경구투여 하였다. 대조군, 약물투여군, 굴 패각 추출물 투여군은 골관절염을 유발 후 각각 생리식염수, diclofenac sodium 2 mg/kg/bw, OSE 100, 200 mg/kg/bw를 20일 동안 매일 1회 정해진 시간에 경구투여 하였다. 실험기간 동안 체중을 측정하였으며, 실험 20일에 부검하여 슬관절의 병리조직학적 관찰, 관절연골 내 proteoglycan 함유율, 골관절염 지수의 변화, 혈액내 TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 함량을 측정하였다. 체중은 실험기간 동안 모든 개체 간의 유의적 차이가 없었다. 관절연골 내 proteoglycan 함유율은 DS 및 OSE 투여군이 papain 투여 대조군보다 유의성(P<0.05)있게 높았으며, 특히 OSE-200 투여군은 약물 투여군과 유사한 proteoglycan 함유율을 나타냈다. H&E 염색을 통하여 관찰한 결과, 골관절염이 유발된 마우스에 굴 패각추출물을 경구 투여하였을 때 관절연골의 파괴와 골 침식 등 연골의 변성이 약물 처리군과 유사한 것을 보아 굴 패각 추출물이 골관절염 치료에 효과가 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 병리조직학적으로 골관절염 지수는 DS 및 OSE 투여군이 papain 투여 대조군보다 유의성(P<0.05) 있게 낮았으며, OSE-200 투여군이 OSE-100 투여군보다 낮았다. 혈액 내 TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 함량은 papain 투여 대조군이 정상군에 비해 유의적(P<0.05)으로 증가하였으며, DS 및 OSE 투여군은 대조군보다 유의성(P<0.05) 있게 낮았다. 특히 TNF-${\alpha}$ 및 IL-6 함량은 OSE-200 투여군이 약물 투여군과 유사한 감소 효과를 나타내었다. 이와 같은 결과는 굴 패각 추출물이 papain으로 유도된 골관절염에서 연골의 변성을 줄이고 염증을 억제함으로써 골관절염 치료에 효과가 있는 것으로 사료된다. 굴 패각은 탄산칼슘이 풍부하기 때문에 골관절염 개선에 효과가 있는 것으로 사료되나, 굴 패각 추출물 중 어떠한 기능성 물질이 골관절염 개선 효과를 나타내었는지에 대해 향후 심도 있는 연구가 필요하다.

• 복식
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• 제33권
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• pp.117-142
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• 1997

This study is on perfume case that is one of a great number of ornaments which was designed by out ancestors. We had developed the tradition and the history of perfume case bag fan-weight etc. These have the same function as the present perfume. case. There were basket-shaped perfume cases which were the smellest one among the personal girdle ornaments in the silla era. The various patterned perfume case were made of gold metal coral platinum or green jadeite etc. In the single-crop trinkets a embroidered perfume bag with the gold and silver thread whose forms perfectly match their functions appeared during the Yi Dynasty. There was also a perfume bag which was one of the daily necessities. A precious "jul perfume" was carried by noble women. A fan-weight perfume bag was attached to the fan to emphasize the intrinsic beauty of utility and function. It is necessary to know the function of prefume case. As perfume case is weared on the clothes it was given more decorative effects as well as the function of medicinal amulet with a sweet smell. Therefore it is very important for us to study perfume case that has various function as an ornament. So The purpose of this study is to investigate the practical and decorative side of perfume case with the general examines of perfume finding how to practice use through our life. The results were as follows; 1. The first use of perfume is perfume through smoke which is for ceremony of religion It removes human body odor by degrees and spreads a sweet odor. Also the materials for making perfume of early age is aromatic plants which will be used flour-made flowers stems. As the materials for making perfume use is increasing today we can invent alcohol perfume today 2. Our country the custom of perfume-used is wide. Among them men's perfume-used was very special phenomenon. For example men were wearing perfume bag in the Silla era. Because perfume represented wealth and noble in those days. They shew off social position personality through perfume-used. 3. One of early religion ceremony article there was the perfume. And perfume case was means for containing perfume. Gradually the perfume case was used widly as increasing needs of perfume in human life. 4. In the middle period of 'Koryo' Dynasty perfume cases had a close relationship with clothes but after Mongolian has been attacked 'Koryo' there were changes in wearing clothes therefore the position of perfume cases were transfered to coat string that was the origin of decoration style that they began. That is to say the perfume case has been influenced the position of perfume case shapes with changing of fashion. 5. The perfume case has been made manifest various function as an ornament. In the practical side First medical-perfume in perfume case has been played an important role in first-aid medicine in critical condition. Second it was amulet for self protection. That is the shape pattern color materials perfume of the perfume case was represented the amuletive nature. Third it was used as substitute article of perfume. Modern women use liquid-perfume as our ancestors used perfume case bag or jul perfume As started above. Also In the decorative side the perfume case has a beautiful formative arts by itself as well as a close relationship with clothes. That well as a close relationship with clothes. That is when the perfume case is worn on the clothes costume is showed aesthetices. That is the materials shapes color pattern of the perfume case we can see the visual beauty also the materials colors embroidered pattern knots tassel that are used the perfume case are increased the decorative beauty of costume. Sixth the symbol in pattern of the pattern case is shown ancetor's wealth and rank health longevity immortality many-born-boy in those days. Today the perfume case is not used with changing of costume by degrees, Accordingly I hope that the result of this study is an influened in devlopment of the perfume case design with matching the modern fashion.