• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.125-131
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• 2017

'Saeyoung', a winter triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) for forage, was developed at the Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2012. The cultivar 'Saeyoung' has narrow and long leaves of light green color, middle size and thin culm, and a medium grain of brown color. The heading date and yellow ripe stage of 'Saeyoung' was May 3 and May 27, which were similar to check cultivar 'Shinyoung', respectively. 'Saeyoung' showed a little stronger in cold tolerance and a little weaker in resistance to lodging than the check, and wet injury, powdery mildew, and leaf rust were similar to those of the check cultivar. The forage fresh and dry matter yields of 'Saeyoung' at milk-ripe stages were 47.2 and $15.6MT\;ha^{-1}$, respectively, which was 9% and 4% higher than those of the check. The crude protein content of 'Saeyoung' was 0.4% lower than 6.8% of the check, while was higher than the check cultivar 'Shinyoung' in neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber. Total digestible nutrients of 'Saeyoung' was also 3% lower than 62.8% of the check cultivar. It showed grain yield of $4.1MT\;ha^{-1}$, which was 11% higher than that of the check. 'Saeyoung' is recommended for fall sowing forage crops in areas in which average daily minimum mean temperatures in January are higher than $-10^{\circ}C$.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.143-148
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• 2017

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed is an important dietary source of protein, oil, carbohydrates, isoflavones, and other nutrients for humans and animals. Raffinose and stachyose are the main antinutritional factors in soybean seed. They are carbohydrates belonging to the raffinose family of oligosaccharides, which are not readily digested in humans and cause flatulence or diarrhea. The genetic reduction of the raffinose and stachyose contents in mature soybean seeds will improve the nutritional value of soybean. The objective of this research was to evaluate agronomic traits with 10 $F_6$ strains selected from breeding populations derived from a cross among seven parents. The contents of raffinose and stachyose in mature seeds were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. Agronomic traits such as flower color, flowering date, harvesting date, lodging, plant height, seed coat color, hilum color, 100 seed weight, and yield were evaluated. Ten intermediate parents showed low raffinose and stachyose contents. The intermediate parent 883-1 had a small seed size, six intermediate parents (15A1, 15D1, RS-5, RS-33, RS-64, and RS-70) had a medium seed size, and two intermediate parents (14G20 and RS-21) had a large seed size. The intermediate parent RS-21 had a black seed coat and a green cotyledon. Four intermediate parents (883-1, 14G20, RS-5, and RS-21) had elite agronomic traits. The new intermediate parents developed through this study will be used to develop improved soybean cultivars with low contents of raffinose and stachyose.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.59-67
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• 1983

An experiment on the rearing of tilapia stocked in closed recirculating tanks eliminating biological filter beds was carried out at the Fish Culture Experiment Station of the National Fisheries University of Pusan, from May 18 through October 21, 1982, and the growth rates, feed conversion, water quality, spawning prevention and space utilization efficiency were discussed. Finally discussed is the feasibility on the establishment of commercial production units. On the water quality, the water temperature ranged from $22.8^{\circ}C\;to\;29.1^{\circ}C$, and total ammonia arround 10 ppm or slightly up. Maintaining phytoplankton bloom was not successful probably because of the active consumption by the heavily stocked tilapia. Several attempts were made by changing the culture water with green water from a nearby earthen pond with results of fading-away in a couple of days. Feed conversions were relatively high ranging from 0.9 to 1.2 except for experiment 1 when the fish were not fully recovered from weakened wintering state. The feed used was partly laboratory prepared $25\%$ protein diet and mostly commercially available $39\%$ protein carp feed. Spawning was completely controlled during the experiment, resulting from density effect, which ranged from 10kg to 40.7kg per square meter with water depth of 0.5 to 0.6m. Space utilization efficiency was very high. Daily net production from the experiment division 3, which showed the highest result, was 6.206 kg per tank, which is calculated 3,235 metric tons per hectare per year, This time, water temperature ranged from 27.8 to $29.1^{circ}C$, average being $28.4^{circ}C$, and total ammonia arround 10 ppm. An estimation for the commercial set-up of the production system based on the results of experiment divisions which had initial stocking rate $15\;kg/m^2$ or up, is made. If the total facility, 8 tanks comprising $56\;m^2$ in surface area, is used for the present study, the yield would become 5,639 kg from 200 day rearing, which would be possible under double sheets vinyl house without additional heating, and it is thought feasible in the economic view point, when 10 or more units are operated.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.14 no.3 s.24
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• pp.147-153
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• 1975

During 1973 a field experiment was carried out to evaluate effectiveness of the root zone application of insecticides in medical gelatin capsules for control of several rice insect pests and dwarf virus disease. At three days after transplanting the capsules were pushed by hand about 2.5cm into the soil, near roots of Tongil rice plants. At the given day intervals number of leaf-and plant-hoppers on the hills were recorded by direct count, and dead hearts and white heads by stem borers and dwarf virus infected hills were observed in the experiment plots. Finally grain yields were measured. The percentages of dead hearts and white heads in all the plots were too low for evaluating the effectiveness of insecticides against the striped rice borers. Carbofuran of the insecticides tested was relatively effective against green rice leafhopper (Nephotettixcincticeps) and small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus), although small number of insects on the hills were recorded. Relatively small number of white-backed planthopper (Sogatella furcifera) was occured in the BPMC and Diazinon treated plots. BPMC and Carbofuran were highly effective against the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) to 80 days after treatment. Incidence of dwarf virus disease was least in the plots of Carbofuran treatment. The highest grain yield was recorded in the plots treated with Carbofuran, and it seemed to be related with good protection from the dwarf virus disease and leaf-and plant-hoppers.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.211-219
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• 2004

Three sludge types from pharmaceutical byproducts and one sludge type from cosmetic waste-water sludge as raw materials of compost were used in a field based concrete pot ($4\;m^2$, $2\;m{\times}2\;m$) for investigating damage of red pepper cultivation. These sludges and pig manure (1 Mg/10a, dry basis) were incorporated into the upper of clay loam soil prior to transplanting with red pepper. Changes in concentration and properties of heavy metal for both of soil and plant were investigated 4 times during of red pepper growth. Plant height and stem diameter of red pepper in sludge treatments except to Pharmaceutical sludge 3 were poor than those of NPK treatment. This result were regarded as an effect of incompleted decomposition sludge which has a lot of organic matter concentration. Amount of total As was increased rapidly Jul. 8. in soil, total Zn Cu Pb Cd were in harvest time, and 1 N-HCl extractable Zn Cu Pb Cd As were in harvest at middle stage and then decreased. Amounts of nitrogen in plant (leaf and stem) were high in Phamaceutical Sludge 1 and fig Manure treatment in early and middle stage because of organic matter and nitrogen concentrations and characteristics. Amounts of Zn, Pb, and Ni in leaf and amount of Zn and Pb in stem were increased in harvest time so that we need to have a concern in detail. Total yield of red pepper was Pig Manure > Phamaceutical Sludge 3 > Phamaceutical Sludge 1 > NPK > Phamaceutical Sludge 2 and Cosmetic Sludge treatment was decreased considerably to compare to others. Amounts of Zn and Cu in green and red pepper in harvest time were higher than the other heavy metals. Finally these results can use to utilize that finding damage on crop for authorization and suitability estimation of raw material of compost.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.344-350
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• 2006

An Antiviral producing bacterial strain was isolated from ginseng root environment in Hongcheon, Kangwon province of Republic of Korea. Identification of this bacterial strain was performed by physiological and biochemical tests along with 16S rRNA analyses. The results revealed that the bacterium was closer to genus Serratia, which was named as Gsm01. The strain was grown in Mannitol-Glutamate-Yeast (MGY) broth for 48 h. The culture was centrifuged and the filtrate obtained was tested for its ability to control Cucumber mosaic virus strain Y (CMV-Y) in greenhouse and field experiments. In the green house experiments, CF was evaluated for its ability to protect local host, Chenopodium amaranticolor and systemic host of CMV, Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi-nc. It was found that, CF treatment reduced viral infection by 98% in local host; C. amaranticolor. The N. tabacum cv. Xanthi-nc plants treated with CF did not show visible viral symptoms 15 days post inoculation (dpi) and remained symptomless throughout the periods of the study. To evaluate effectiveness of CF under field conditions, experiment was carried out in a polyvinyl house. It was observed that, 52% plants were protected from viral diseases compared to non-treated plants, increasing the crop yield. This is the first report showing antiviral activity of a Serratia spp. against CMV.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.9-16
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• 2019

In today's global energy market, the importance of green energy is emerging. Hydrogen energy is the future clean energy source and one of the pollution-free energy sources. In particular, the fuel cell method using hydrogen enhances the flexibility of renewable energy and enables energy storage and conversion for a long time. Therefore, it is considered to be a solution that can solve environmental problems caused by the use of fossil resources and energy problems caused by exhaustion of resources simultaneously. The purpose of this study is to efficiently produce hydrogen using plasma, and to study the optimization of DME reforming by checking the reforming reaction and yield according to temperature. The research method uses a 2.45 GHz electromagnetic plasma torch to produce hydrogen by reforming DME(Di Methyl Ether), a clean fuel. Gasification analysis was performed under low temperature conditions ($T3=1100^{\circ}C$), low temperature peroxygen conditions ($T3=1100^{\circ}C$), and high temperature conditions ($T3=1376^{\circ}C$). The low temperature gasification analysis showed that methane is generated due to unstable reforming reaction near $1100^{\circ}C$. The low temperature peroxygen gasification analysis showed less hydrogen but more carbon dioxide than the low temperature gasification analysis. Gasification analysis at high temperature indicated that methane was generated from about $1150^{\circ}C$, but it was not generated above $1200^{\circ}C$. In conclusion, the higher the temperature during the reforming reaction, the higher the proportion of hydrogen, but the higher the proportion of CO. However, it was confirmed that the problem of heat loss and reforming occurred due to the structural problem of the gasifier. In future developments, there is a need to reduce incomplete combustion by improving gasifiers to obtain high yields of hydrogen and to reduce the generation of gases such as carbon monoxide and methane. The optimization plan to produce hydrogen by steam plasma reforming of DME proposed in this study is expected to make a meaningful contribution to producing eco-friendly and renewable energy in the future.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.165-175
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• 1995

To determine the effect of soil moisture stress on growth of barley and grain quality, a pot experiment was carried out for two barley varieties(Olbori and Chogangbori) by using large plastic pot(52cm in diameter and 55cm in depth) filled with sandy loam soil under rain-controlled open green house. By means of measuring soil water potential with micro tensiometer and gypsum block installed at 10cm in soil depth, soil moisture was controlled by sub-irrigation at several irigation points such as -0.05bar, -0.2bar, -0.5bar, -1.0bar, -5.0bar and -10.0bar in soil water potential. The lower soil water potential was controlled, the shorter length of stem and internode became, and the more narrow stem diameter was. Leaf area was significantly decreased when soil water potential was controlled lower than -0.5bar, although chlorophyll content of flag and first leaves was not changed so much. Weight of grain and ear was significantly decreased when soil water potential was lower than -5.0bar and the highest grain yield was obtaind in a plot where soil water potential was controlled at -0.2bar. However, the most efficient water use of Olbori and Chogangbori was obtained at -0.5bar and -1.0bar in water potentials, respectively. Crude protain content, maximum viscosity, consistency and ${\beta}$-glucan content of barley flour increased as soil water potential significantly decreased, especially below -5.0bar, but gelatination temperature decreased as soil water potential decreased.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.154-162
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of tile drain on Physicochemical properties and crop productivity of soils under plastic film house for three years (1999 - 2001). Tiles (${\Phi}100mm$ PVC pipe) were established at 50-60 cm depth with 1 m, 2 m, and 3 m intervals in Gangseo silt loam soil under 2W-type plastic film house. Cropping system was a pumpkin-pumpkin in the first year, a cucumber-spinach-crown daisy-spinach-young radish in the second year, and a green red pepper-tomato-spinach in last year, with conventional fertilization and drip or furrow irrigation by groundwater pumping. Bulk density and soil hardness of plot with tile drain were lower than those of control (plot without tile drain). Soil water content was also lower in tile drain plot than in control regardless of soil depth, and decreased at narrower interval and longer distance from tile in the same plot, thus suggesting that water flow and density of tile drain plot was higher than those of control. Rhizosphere of spinach, a final crop of third year, was expanded more than 2 cm due probably to improvement of soil physical properties caused by tiles establishment. Electrical conductivity (EC) of topsoil decreased from $1.22dS\;m^{-1}$ to $0.82dS\;m^{-1}$ by tile drain system, and the extent of EC decrease was different with season: higher in spring and lower in summer and autumn. The $NO_{3^-}-N$ concentration in topsoil decreased, from $200mg\;kg^{-1}$ to $39mg\;kg^{-1}$. The effect of tile drain on crop yield varied with crops. Average crop productivity obtained in tile drain plot than that of control crop: 18.2% in 2 m interval, 14.2% in 3 m interval, but lower 0.2% in 1 m interval.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.123-130
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• 2011

Objectives of this study were to compare the environmental effects of digestates produced in bioenergy village on the rice paddy field for recycling. Digestates were applied to the soils and the soil properties and the crop responses were analyzed according to the standard methods of soil evaluation. Plant height and the number of tiller showed similar results in both the conventional and digestate treated field, and the yield of rough rice was higher in the field treated with digestates than that with chemical fertilizer. The amounts of nitrogen absorbed in straw and grain were larger in the digestates-treated field than chemical fertilizer-treated one, and efficiency of nitrogen applied was shown to be the highest in 100% treated digestate of the pig manure. Exchangeable cation and pH increased in the soil treated with digestate after harvesting, but salt was not accumulated. With these results, it was concluded that resource recycling in green town can be facilitated through the securement of arable lands for the application of digestates and the proper use of these fertilizers. Long-term effects of digestate application on the soil environment should be sustainingly studied.