• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.467-472
• /
• 2009

This study was conducted to break down the self-incompatibility of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge by old-flower pollination, NaCl and $CO_2$ treatment. The old-flower pollination in green house produced fertilization during the 1st and 2nd day after flowering from early September to early October, but almost no fertilization in late August. The most successful pollination occurred in late September at the 1st day after flowering when pod setting was 33.3% and that of seed set was about 86.2%. The old-flower pollination in field showed pod setting for the control group from late August to early October, but no seed set except the days of mid-September and late September. The most successful pollination occurred in late September during the 2nd day of flowering when the percentage of pod setting was 39% and that of seed set was 94.9%. The wrapping in field set pods from late August to early October, but did not set seeds except in mid and end of September. The percentage of pods was 39% and percentage of seeds was 94.9% about flowering after first day in end of September. by field culture. The best result from NaCl treatment was achieved when 1% NaCl treatment in green house produced 21.3% of pod setting in early October and 66.7% of seed set in late September. In field, NaCl 5% treatment produced best result with 7.3% of pod setting and 90.9% of seed set in mid-September. No differences were observed between the $CO_2$ 700ppm treatment and the control group.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.30-38
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this paper is to provide reference data about propagation, restoration, and preparation of policy of endangered Sarcandra glabra (Thunb.) Nakai by investigating growth response and variation of ecological niche breadth according to moisture and nutrient under the condition of elevated $CO_2$ concentration and elevated temperature. We divided the investigation into the controlled group and treated group (elevated $CO_2$ concentration and elevated temperature) and then varied the moisture and nutrient treatment for testing. The results showed that the ecological niche breadth was wide at moisture and nutrient gradients of 0.899 and 0.844, respectively, under control. Also, the ecological niche breadth regarding the moisture and nutrient gradients under treatment simulating global warming was wider as 6.60% and 2.09%, respectively. Therefore, moisture and nutrient will not be the restriction factors concerning the growth of Sarcandra glabra under continued global warming. However, it will be advisable to specify the nutrient content condition in the soil to be 10% for population restoration when growing Sarcandra glabra in the green house which is not affected by external environment since the studies of rearing reaction reported that Sarcandra glabra prefer 10% of nutrient content than 0-5%. Furthermore, it is necessary to protect evergreen broad-leaved forest where is the natural habitat of Sarcandra glabra that has relatively high nutrient content.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.329-336
• /
• 1989

A series of green house experiment was conducted to find but the effect of fertilizer application and inoculation of rhizobium on the changes of amide-N, ureide-N and $NH_4-N$ concentration in stem and root exudates of soybean plant growth. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; 1. Five strains of indigenous Rhizobium japonicum-nitrogen fixing activity($C_2H_2$-reducing activity) was more than 6.4 to 20.1 nmole/hr/tube-were identified from 37 soil samples in 22 areas of farmers field throughout country. 2. These identified 5 strains of rhizobium were obtained high nitrate reductase but low ammonium and nitrite oxidase activities. Among 5 strains of rhizobium the Rhizobium japonicum RjK-134 was applied for this green house experiment. 3. Dry matter yield was increased by the combination of inoculation of Rhizobium japonicum RjK-134 with no fertilizer and without nitrogen fertilizer application. However, dry matter yield was decreased with application of N and NPK with inoculation of rhizobium. 4. The concentrations of amide-N and ureide-N were increased in xylem sap than that of root exudate and higher concentration was obtained ar 30 days after planting than flowering stage (45 days after planting). 5. The combination of NPK application with inoculation of Rhrizobium japonicum RjK-134 enhanced the increase of amide-N and ureide-N concentration in xylem sap and root exudate. 6. High ammonium-N concentration in xylem sap and root exudate were obtained in combination with without-fertilizer under no inoculation of rhizobium and N and NPK application with inoculation of rhizobium.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.44 no.3
• /
• pp.457-464
• /
• 2011

Livestock manure compost (LC) generally contains high content of phosphorus, therefore can be a substitute for phosphorus fertilizers. In this experiment of the cultivation of lettuce in green house, the possibility of LC as a subsitute for phosphorus fertilizer was investigated and the fertilizer efficiency of nitrogen and potassium in LC as compared with chemical N fertilizer (urea) and K fertilizer (potassium chloride) was examined. In proportion to the increase in the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer, soil pH declined, whereas EC and $NO_3$-N content became higher. The application of LC appeared to increase the soil content of organic matter, available phosphate, exchangeable calcium, magnesium and sodium more than that of chemical fertilizer. Supplementation of the K fertilizer by the lack amount from the application of LC resulted in the same exchangeable potassium content in soil with NPK plot in which N, P and K fertilizers were applied by the amount of soil test recommendation. The relationship between soil $NO_3$-N content and nitrogen application rate from fertilizer and compost showed as y=0.57717a+0.19760b+74.65 ($R^2$=0.6347) in which y is the soil $NO_3$-N content (mg $kg^{-1}$), a is nitrogen application rate from fertilizer and b is nitrogen application rate from compost (kg $ha^{-1}$), respectively. From this equation, the supply ability of $NO_3$-N into soil of LC exhibited about 34% (pig manure compost 37.0, chicken manure compost 34.7, cattle manure compost 23.3) of nitrogen fertilizer (urea).

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.51 no.4
• /
• pp.431-438
• /
• 2012

The developmental time of the nymphs of Myzus persicae was studied in the laboratory (six constant temperatures from 15 to $30^{\circ}C$ with 50~60% RH, and a photoperiod of 14L:10D) and in a green-pepper plastic house. Mortality of M. persicae in laboratory was high in the first(6.7~13.3%) and second instar nymphs(6.7%) at low temperatures and high in the third (17.8%) and fourth instar nymphs(17.8%) at high temperatures. Mortality was 66.7% at $33^{\circ}C$ in laboratory and $26.7^{\circ}C$ in plastic house. The total developmental time was the longest at $14.6^{\circ}C$ (14.4 days) and shortest at $26.7^{\circ}C$ (6.0 days) in plastic house. The lower threshold temperature of the total nymphal stage was $3.0^{\circ}C$ in laboratory. The thermal constant required for nymphal stage was 111.1DD. The relationship between developmental rate and temperature was fitted nonlinear model by Logan-6 which has the lowest value on Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC). The distribution of completion of each developmental stage was well described by the 3-parameter Weibull function ($r^2=0.95{\sim}0.97$). This model accurately described the predicted and observed occurrences. Thus the model is considered to be good for use in predicting the optimal spray time for Myzus persicae.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.1-32
• /
• 1977

This study has been made to find out more effective way of vegetation establishment on severely denuded forest land from the viewpoint of soil moisture regimes. Various environmental factors were measured to estimate soil moisture conditions of different sites. Soil moisture influence on growth of over vegetations, water requirement and drought resistance were analyzed. The efficiency of water use was also reckoned at different fertility levels and different soil moisture conditions. This research is composed of field experiment and green house experiment. Field experiment includes height growth, survival and coverage analysis of cover vegetations (Robinia pseudoacacia L., Lespedeza bicolor Turcz, Arundinella hirta Tanaka var. ciliare Koidzumi.) with 4 fertility level treatments on 3 slopes (Steep: $37^{\circ}$, Moderate: $25^{\circ}$, Gentle; $17^{\circ}$) during dry season (1 April-30 June) and wet season (1 July-10 September). At the same time temperature, relative humidity and precipitation were measured to understand the environmental changes. Soil moisture conditions were measured with soil moisture meter with 24 soil cells. Green house experiment comprised height, fresh weight and dry weight measurements of cover vegetations with 4 fertility levels and 3 moisture conditions for 70 days. The results extracted from experiments are as follews. 1. Cover vegtations have 3 patterns of water requirement at the early stage of growth. a) Robinia type has high water requirement and weaker drought resistance. b) Lespedeza type has low water requirement and stronger drought resistance. c) Arundinella type has moderate water requirement and weaker drought resistance. 2. The vegetations have different optimum fertility levels in different soil moisture supply condition. a) Robinia needs a low fertility level in dry condition and a high level in wet condition. b) Lespedeza needs only low fertility level in all conditions. c) Arundinella needs a low fertility level in dry condition and a high level in wet condition. 3. The efficiency of water use (Water/1g dry weight) by fertility levels is different from one another. Robinia and Arundinella have a good efficiency at low fertility level in dry condition and at high fertility level in wet condition. Lespedeza has a good efficiency at low fertility level in all conditions. 4. $P_2O_5$ requirement of Robinia and Lespedeza is high, but that of Arundinella is low. Soil moisture condition has a great influence on $P_2O_5$ absorption in dendued forest land. Once Vegetations are established on suitable sites with optimum fertitity level according to different moisture condition, even the small amount of soil water in denuded land can he used with high efficiency and the effect of fertility treatment can be maximized.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.50-53
• /
• 2001

Severe crown gall disease was occurred in green house cultivating rose in Jinchen, Chungbuk recently. Although it causes problem on rose cultivation, the growers do not have many choices of control measures for the disease now. Agrobacterium radiobacter K84 has been known as a strong antagonist against A. tumefaciens, a pathogen causing crown gall disease, and used as a biopesticide for crown gall in many countries since it had been introduced in 1972. We tested control activity of A. radiobacter K84 for the crown gall disease on rose. Spray of A. radiobacter K84 suspension on above ground of rose either before or after pathogen spray reduced size and fresh weight of galls significantly. Size and fresh weight of galls on roses inoculated with pathogen either before A. radiobacter K84 spray (pathogen-K84 treatment) or after A. radiobacter K84 spray(K84-pathogen treatment) were 4 to 5% of those of galls on roses inoculated pathogen only. Disease incidence of plants inoculated pathogen only was 85% whereas disease incidence of pathogen-K84 or K84-pathogen treatments were 6.7% and 5.0% respectively. Dipping of roots of rose in suspension of A. radiobacter K84 was also reduced size of galls and diseased rate significantly. These results indicate that A. radiobacter K84 is effective in the prevention of gall formation by A. tumefaciens and it can be used to control of crown gall disease of rose.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.83-92
• /
• 2007

In view of stringent environment regulations to control the emission of green house gases and also depleting fossil fuel reserves, it is high quality desirable to develop alternative technologies to produce high quality fuels. To this end Biomass to Liquid (BTL) technology has received much attention in recent years. BTL process generally consists of gasification of biomass to produce bio-syngas, cleaning and control of $H_{2}/CO$ mole ratio of bio-syngas and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis & upgrading systems. Choren, Germany has first developed the commercial BTL process using unique gasification system i.e., Carbo-V. A new technology to remove tars and BTX has been developed by ECN in Netherlands employing a gasification system combined with OLGA technology. Several other countries including USA and Japan are showing great interest in BTL technology. Thus in view of our national energy security and also the environmental regulations, it is essential to develop alternative technologies like BTL in order to meet the increasing demand of energy though our insufficient biomass resources. In this paper we present an overview and development status of BTL-diesel technology.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.157-163
• /
• 1996

This study was carried out to control the decrease of yield and the deterioration of quality of Angelica gigas roots by bolting. This phenomenon resulted from lignificartion and dwarfishness of roots because of bolting formed for inflorescence and fruition. Seedlings were grown for 60,90 and 120 days in nursery of the green house, and transplanted in main field to compare with traditional seedling that grew for 1 year. Growth of the petiole length compare with length and leaf width of aerial parts in nursery showed a remarkably progress, and root characters as root length, root diameter and root weight grew more vigorously in the order of nursery periods. Bolting was not entirely formed in plots transplanted the seedlings which grown for short-time; 60, 90 and 120days, but showed the high bolting rate, 64.3%,in traditional seedling plots. Yield was higher in plots that transplanted short-time growing seedlings than that transplanted traditional seedlings, and among 3 kinds of nursery periods yields were high in the order of nursery periods. For the increase of yield and decrease of bolting rate, it was needed to transplant small seedlings of 3-4g/plant which grew in nursery for 90-120 days.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.42 no.12
• /
• pp.1029-1038
• /
• 2009

Recently, it is expected that small hydropower (SHP) could potentially provide sufficient amounts of alternative energy in Korea where there is an abundance of potential sites and where social efforts are being made to reduce the emissions of green house gases. In the past, the resources survey for SHP development has been carried out using onsite surveys and paper maps, which incurred a great deal of time and cost. Furthermore, the tools for decision making such as determining development priorities or evaluating feasibility have been considered only economic aspect and focused on the performance characteristics of power generation. However, as the concept of sustainable development has been being advanced in recent years, especially focused on human-social, environmental and ecological in addition to economical sector; the consideration of these multiple criteria has become essential for sustainable SHP development. This study aims to propose the spatial multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methodology for determining priorities among a number of locations on the planning stage of SHP development using AHP and GIS. The proposed methodology is applied for determining development priorities among the SHP locations in Cho River basin and this study presents the detailed spatial information data and the results of development priorities. As a fundamental work, this study will be beneficial to the future activation of SHP development and will help the decision making in evaluating the feasibility of SHP development.