• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.63-71
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• 2010

In this paper, we propose a boundary based marker binary coding method for augmented reality games, which enables the marker-area to be binary coded well in any lighting environments. First, it detects the boundary after transforming an original marker image to a gray scale image, and it executes 4 way pixel extensions for all boundary pixels in order to make the boundary to closed area. Next, for all boundary pixels it compares the brightness of right and left ones of each pixel and allocates black for the lower side and white for the higher side by filling inside area thru the seeded region growing. Experimental results showed that our proposed method produces a good binary marker image recognizable in various light environments. In addition, it showed the possibility of real-time calculation by considering the result of operation speed which is 51 fps for VGA image.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to provide the guidance in more objective and proper clothing design and a strategy of fashion marketing from consumer sensibilities about adult women's town wear in un-limited circumstance. The specific objectives were 1) to investigate relationship between fashion sensibility and consumer sensibility of Good and Bad women's town wear, 2) to compare fashion sensibility with consumer sensibility of Good and Bad women's town wear, and 3) to investigate a dimension of Good and Bad women's town wear in fashion sensibility. Because they can affect estimators, the collected photos at shopping mall, department stores, and churches (S/S, F/W: April 28, 2004~May 1, 2005) were prepared removing face and background and attached on gray board. To investigate consumer sensibilities, the stimulus were 80 photos (40 for 'good', 40 for 'Bad'). The questionnaire consisted of bi-polar 25 pairs adjective scale of consumer sensibility was distributed 600 female (20's~40's) living in Busan (June 28, 2005~July 11, 2005). The data were analyzed by ANOVA, Regression analysis, and MDS. The results of practical study are summarized as follows. Fashion sensibility on the preference in Good and Bad women's town wear is closely related in 'want to buy-do not want to buy' and buying need is 'like-dislike'. For the fashion sensibility dimension at Good women's town wear, X axis showed from Young to Adult and Y axis showed from Hard to Comfortable following positioned design characters. For the fashion sensibilities dimension at Bad women's town wear, X axis showed from Young to Adult, Y axis showed from Normal to Unique, and Z axis showed from Heavy to Light following positioned design characters.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.380-390
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• 2007

The purpose of this study(Part I) was to provide the guidance in more objective and proper clothing design and wearing rule to make good image making by analysis of fashion sensibilities about adult women's town wear in unlimited circumstance. The specific objectives were; 1)to investigate about fashion sensibility of women's town wear at season 2)to investigate about fashion sensibilities of women's town wear of properties which are age, marriage or not, job, average income per month, and schooling. 3)to compare fashion sensibility between Good and Bad women's town wear. The collected photos at shopping mall, department stores, and churches(S/S, F/W:2004.4.28~2005.5.1) were prepared removing face and background that can affect in estimator and attached on gray board. To investigate fashion sensibilities, the stimulus were 80 photos('good':40, 'Bad':40). The questionnaire consisted of bi-polar 25 pairs adjective scale of fashion sensibilities was distributed 60 female(20's~40's) living in Busan. The data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, and Scheffe. The results of this study are summarized as follows; For fashion sensibilities at 'Good' and 'Bad' wear, the variances(season, age, marriage or not, job, average income per month, and schooling) are important. Especially, the fashion sensibility at 30's women are very unique and importance age zone to catch both young women's fashion sensibility and old women's fashion sensibility, Through that age zone, we could read women's various fashion sensibility and prospect complicate consumers' fashion mind. This study result will be utilized in the clothing design for target age zone of women's town wear, database of wearing rule and good image making, and planning fashion marketing strategies.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.27 no.spc
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• pp.573-591
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• 2016

People are making multilateral efforts to create beautiful agricultural landscapes. In farming villages, however, large-scale facilities or houses do not blend in with the natural environment because of their outer colors, which are mostly primary colors that are not chosen in consideration of the natural environment. This was addressed in the three following steps: 1) Research tool was used to identify predominant colors and images that represent various types of rural areas; 2) landscape experts conducted a feasibility study and pilot study on using these colors; and 3) the main study was done by investigating how local people and out-of-town visitors perceive the colors. The villages involved in the development projects were mostly represented by achromatic colors, meaning white, black, and variations of gray. Also, adjectives such as "modern" were shown to be keywords that symbolize the atmosphere. Less developed villages had more greenish colors and "natural" as their keyword. Developed villages in suburban areas were mainly represented by shades of blue and green, while less developed ones were mainly represented by green and yellow. In special types of rural areas, developed and developing were represented by achromatic and green colors, whereas less developed ones were represented by green and blue. Respondents were also asked 1) whether they were satisfied with their village's current overall color scheme and 2) whether they thought there was harmony between the surrounding natural environment and artificial structures. People responded with "so so" for the first question, while some answered "not good enough" and "no" for the second.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 2017

In this study, we designed the metallic reception part of a patch antenna using the phase field design method. The design object function is formulated with the S-parameter value which represent the return loss so that it is targeted to maximize radiation efficiency at a target frequency. The initial model of a patch antenna was designed via the ordinary theory based approach and its performance was enhanced by changing the structural configuration of the metallic part using the phase field design method combined with the double well potential functions. The final shape was proposed by removing the gray scale area along the structural boundary by employing a cut-off method. The proposed shape shows that the radiation efficiency at target frequency is significantly improved compared with the initial patch shape. The finite element analysis and optimization precess was performed using the commercial package COMSOL and Matlab programming.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.43-48
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• 2011

Among various methods proposed earlier, fuzzy image filtering is usually one of the favored techniques because it has less blurring effect and the decrease of noise removal rate after filtering. However, fuzzy filtering is ineffective on color images since it is firstly developed with gray scale. Thus, in this paper, we propose a fuzzy filtering algorithm for color images. First, we divide RGB color information from image into three channels of R, G, and B and judge the possibility of each pixel with mask by fuzzy logic independently. The output pixel value might be the average or median according to the degree of noise. Our experiment successfully verifies the effectiveness of new algorithm in color image.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.800-807
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• 2016

We propose a fast algorithm using Extreme Contour Point (ECP) to detect the angle of rotated images, is implemented by rotation feature of one covered frame image that can be applied to correct the rotated images like in image processing for real time applications, while CORDIC is inefficient to calculate various points like high definition image since it is only possible to detect rotated angle between one point and the other point. The two advantages of this algorithm, namely compatibility to images in preprocessing by using Sobel edge process for pattern recognition. While the other one is its simplicity for rotated angle detection with cyclic shift of two $1{\times}n$ matrix set without complexity in calculation compared with CORDIC algorithm. In ECP, the edge features of the sample image of gray scale were determined using the Sobel Edge Process. Then, it was subjected to binary code conversion of 0 or 1 with circular boundary to constitute the rotation in invariant conditions. The results were extracted to extreme points of the binary image. Its components expressed not just only the features of angle ${\theta}$ but also the square of radius $r^2$ from the origin of the image. The detected angle of this algorithm is limited only to an angle below 10 degrees but it is appropriate for real time application because it can process a 200 degree with an assumption 20 frames per second. ECP algorithm has an O ($n^2$) in Big O notation that improves the execution time about 7 times the performance if CORDIC algorithm is used.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.567-572
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• 2019

In this paper, we propose an algorithm to perform convolution, pooling, and ReLU operations in CNN using binary image and binary kernel. It decomposes 256 gray-scale images into 8 bit planes and uses a binary kernel consisting of -1 and 1. The convolution operation of binary image and binary kernel is performed by addition and subtraction. Logically, it is a binary operation algorithm using the XNOR and comparator. ReLU and pooling operations are performed by using XNOR and OR logic operations, respectively. Through the experiments to verify the usefulness of the proposed algorithm, We confirm that the CNN operation can be performed by converting it to binary logic operation. It is an algorithm that can implement deep running even in a system with weak computing power. It can be applied to a variety of embedded systems such as smart phones, intelligent CCTV, IoT system, and autonomous car.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1594-1605
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• 2001

In this study, a numerical simulation was developed which was capable of predicting the characteristics of NO formation in pilot scale combustor adopting the air-staged burner flame. The numerical calculation was constructed by means of establishing the mathematical models fur turbulence, turbulent combustion, radiation and turbulent nitric oxide chemistry. Turbulence was solved with standard k-$\xi$ model and the turbulent combustion model was incorporated using a two step reaction scheme together with an eddy dissipation model. The radiative transfer equation was calculated by means of the discrete ordinates method with the weighted sum of gray gases model for CO$_2$and H$_2$O. In the NO chemistry model, the chemical reaction rates for thermal and prompt NO were statistically averaged using the $\beta$ probability density function. The results were validated by comparison with measurements. For the experiment, a 0.2 MW pilot multi-air staged burner has been designed and fabricated. Only when the radiation was taken into account, the predicted gas temperature was in good agreement with the experimental one, which meant that the inclusion of radiation was indispensable for modeling multi-air staged gas flame. This was also true of the prediction of the NO formation, since it heavily depended on temperature. Subsequently, it was found that the multi-air staged combustion technique might be used as a practical tool in reducing the NO formation by controlling the peak flame temperature.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.394-400
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• 2012

SURF is a robust local invariant feature descriptor and has been used in many applications such as object recognition. Even though this algorithm has similar matching accuracy compared to the SIFT, which is another popular feature extraction algorithm, it has advantage in matching time. However, these descriptors do not consider relative location information of extracted interesting points to guarantee rotation invariance. Also, since they use gray image of original color image, they do not use the color information of images, either. In this paper, we propose a method for improving matching performance of SURF descriptor using the color and relative location information of interest points. The location information is built from the angles between the line connecting the centers of interest points and the orientation line constructed for the center of each interest points. For the color information, color histogram is constructed for the region of each interest point. We show the performance of our scheme through experiments.