• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.298-307
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• 2010

The grass is one of important components that cover the wide surfaces in the application such as game or real time simulation. Actually, it not easy to render effectively numerous grasses that grow over the wide terrain. To solve the difficulty, we must find a solution to the two contradictions in terms : quality and calculation cost. As a solution to the above-mentioned task, in this paper, we propose an efficient method to represent the natural grasses by introducing fractal theory and instancing technique. Although the existing grass representation methods make use of a simple rule of applying a basic grass model repeatedly in rendering process, on the contrary we take advantage of the basic property of fractal's self-similarity and we devise a natural representation method suited to the given environment by introducing two important growth factors such as nature of terrain and quantity of light, and finally we apply a GPU-based shader instancing technique to rendering numerous grass models in real-time.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.27-42
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• 2017

Stroop effect(Stroop, 1935) is a reliable paradigm which has been used in various psychological research. Although classic Stroop experiment used color and color name for experimental stimuli, subsequent research reported that a color(e.g. green) and an object(e.g. grass) which displays a typical color show similar effects depending on color-object congruency(Klein, 1964). Because past research that used Stroop effect to investigate semantic representation tested association between concrete object and color, they predominantly used concrete nouns and their corresponding color names as stimuli(e.g. Dalrymple-Alford, 1968, 1972; Klein, 1964). Recently, Sherman and Clore(2009) reported that response time to white or black words is affected by moral value of words (e.g., honesty, crime) even when the words do not have specific referents. Based on this result, we tested association between thermesthesia-related adjectives(e.g., 따스한, 냉정한) and color(warm color, cold color) using Stroop task. The results showed that subjects were faster in their response to color when adjective-color was congruent than when incongruent, and there was an interaction between color and meaning of adjectives. The Stroop effect in this research is unique because, contrary to previous research that used concrete nouns, the effect was obtained even with abstract adjectives which do not have specific referents. In addition, unlike Sherman and Clore(2009) that used achromatic color, our results show that Stroop effect obtains between abstract adjectives and chromatic color.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.39-61
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• 2020

The Chinese Communist Party's 'with-Chinese-characteristics' discourse proclaims its superiority in reflecting people's genuine needs without poisonous partisan politics, as in Western democracies. The Party's Consultative Democracy is key to this superiority. To evaluate Consultative Democracy in Contemporary China from a perspective of popular sovereignty, which is the essential purpose of every kinds of democracy, this research looks into Consultative Democracy from two dimensions: theoretical dimension and institutional dimension. Theoretically, CCP's Consultative Democracy seeks its theoretical sources from their traditional thought as well as from Marxism, and especially emphasizes CCP's leadership to fulfill the consultation results. And through the analysis of various field investigations, we find that there are some prominent problems in grass-roots society's institutional mechanism for Consultative Democracy, such as insufficient connection between institutional innovation and existing legal system, inefficient consultation, insufficient representation of consultative subjects and weak motive force for sustainable development. By legitimizing certain groups or individuals as representatives in their consultative process, CCP can be de-legitimize by containing, dividing or denouncing others so that critics can be co-opted, neutralized or isolated. The CCP's consultative and representational processes are different from taking policy inputs as dialogue or negotiation as in democracies, it is a dynamic, largely one-way process of enforcement and direction with a clear political agenda: maintaining Party hegemony.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.34
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• pp.60-79
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• 2001

We can infer from collections of prose in Cho-sun period that the main period is from King Se-jong's reign to King Yoeng-jo's or between the 15th and the 17th century. The ideological background and the dignity of the rock garden is derived from Taoist hermitism and Nitze and Jeng-je's quietism. The representation of the rock garden as tri-god mountain comprising Bong-lai, Bang-jang and Young-ju is based on the tradition of making the tripartite rock garden in a pond practiced in the three north-eastern countries, Korea, China and Japan. And it's the representation of quietistic world of eternal life that had been sought by the taoism. Making a pond in which they plant lotus and made rock garden. they enjoyed watching immaculately pure lotus flower bloom even in the mud. It is compared to the confucians' seeking for virtue even in the profane or defiled world. Another motive of intellectuals to make rock gardens is their love of nature and its landscapes and their preference of recluse and temperate life to attaching to high public office, which was the tendency of the learned, established by the influence of taoist and quietist tradition. The essays portray the fountain water, ponds, waterfalls. the hilltops, the mountain pass over the ridge. winded lanes, valleys, caverns, and other architectural elements. The technic of building rock gardens includes those of harmonizing each elements of landscapes in the water, that of irrigation, building formation, and those of piling up the mountains and hills. With some comments on planting trees, grass and flowers. The original location of rock garden, esp. in case of taoist Chae-su's rock garden with waterfalls, is Ian-ri, Ian-myon in the city Sang-ju. Since no relics of rock gardens are to be found in any examples of Korea's traditional gardening, the study of rock gardening by analyzing the prose collections of Cho-sun period can be significant for the study of designing water space that has been considered the center of a garden space.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.101-110
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• 2020

This study was conducted through the analysis of literature and on-site research as a case study of 14 artists' gardens with traditional themes presented at the garden fair. With Focusing on the design process for determining traditional reproduction, the following characteristics and implications were derived by analyzing the design goals, selection of subjects for traditional reenactment, determination of methods for reproduction, and design stages of landscape components. First, the pattern of selecting traditional structures as subjects for reproduction in many artist gardens can be understood as an advantage of being suitable for narrow sites and having remarkable topic communicability. They directly delivered the design intent by adding the names of traditional structures such as Madang, Wool, Buttumak, Jangdokdae, Chuibyeong and Seokgasan. Works expressed indirectly, such as Wall, Korean Garden, Suwon, and Seoul craftsmen, have relatively weak topic communicability. There were also symbolic representations of objects to be reproduced, such as Seonbi, marginal spaces, and Pung-lyu. Second, while reproducing Hanok Madang, separate the gardens paved with grass and stone, the fortress wall of Suwon Hwaseong and the northwest Gongsimdon of the watchtower. Also the garden with a miniature version of the extraneous Yong-yeon and the garden, which was reproduced as a low decorative wall in the rest area based on Nakan-Eupseong Fortress, shows the need for a deep understanding of tradition. On the other hand, the reproducting works of choosing the location of the traditional garden, the Korean Garden showed the importance of systematic arrangement with the surrounding environment, the beauty of the space in the courtyard of Hanok, the beauty of the slowness enjoyed by the scholars and the reenactments of the Pung-lyu culture of Moonlight boating are not only imitating traditional structures but also spreading understanding of tradition to garden culture and sentiment. Third, there were many works that reconstructed the real-size traditional structure in a straightforward way in relation to design. The garden was divided into Chuibyeong and the living space was decorated with Buttumak, chimneys, and gardens, and facilities representing Gyeongbokgung Palace, Soswaewon, and Seoseokji were systemically arranged. However it recognized the importance of selecting the key design elements, constructing the elevation of the structure, and the sense of scale of the space from works that reproduced the large Suwon Hwaseong and Nakan-Eupseong in an abstract way. While there are examples gardens of Hanok yards and Bazawul, which are far from the original image among the gardens that chose the dismantling method, the Blank-space garden expressed only by a frame composed of cubes, and Seonbi's Sarangbang garden, that permeated the moonlight with many traditional structures are the positive examples. The Seoul Artisan Garden, Jikji Simche Garden and Pung-lyu Garden, which display modernly designed landscape components, need an explanation to understand the author's intention.