• 제목/요약/키워드: Gram positive bacteria

검색결과 1,047건 처리시간 0.021초

일일 착용 콘택트렌즈의 연속 착용에 따른 세균 오염 (Microorganism Contamination from Wearing One-Day Disposable Contact Lenses According to Wearing Time)

  • 최강원;장우영;이종욱;김수정
    • 미생물학회지
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    • 제46권2호
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    • pp.152-156
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    • 2010
  • 연성 콘택트렌즈 종류의 하나인 일회용 렌즈는 사용상 편리함을 주는 반면 다양한 안과적 감염성 질환을 초래한다. 안 질환을 유발하는 미생물로는 Acanthamoeba, Bacteria, Fungi 등이 있다. 렌즈 착용시 손을 이용함으로 다양한 미생물 오염은 근절이 불가피한 실정이다. 다양한 미생물의 오염으로 인해 감염성 각막염을 유발하나 정확한 미생물 동정은 미비한 상태이다. 이런 이유로 렌즈를 세척하기 위해 흔히 사용하는 식염수와 ReNu Solution (Bausch and Lomb Company, USA)의 2그룹으로 나누고 식염수와 ReNu Solution을 사용하여 1, 3, 5 10 그리고 15일에 따라 미생물 오염의 정도를 살펴보고 분리되는 미생물을 동정하고자 하였다. 대구시 D대학 안경광학과 재학생들의 안과적 건강상태를 조사한 후 그룹별 10명씩 지정하였다. 일일 착용렌즈를 1일, 3일, 5일 10일, 그리고 15일에 따라 사용 후 배지에서 세균을 배양하였다. 배양된 집락을 선택하여 그람 염색한 결과, Gram-positive cocci 33%, Gram-negative cocci 2%, Gram-positive bacilli 34%, 그리고 Gram-negative bacilli 31%로 나타냈고 이러한 세균을 동정하기 위해 API kit와 VITEK system을 이용하였다. 그 결과 콘택트렌즈의 착용에 의해 유발되는 각막염의 원인세균으로 알려진 S. aureus, P. aeruginosa 등이 분리되었다. 본 연구에서는 연성렌즈의 하나인 일일 착용렌즈의 착용시 세척액에 따른 일반세균의 분포와 일회용 렌즈의 연속 착용에 따른 병원성 세균을 조사함으로 콘택트렌즈의 사용시 위생의 필요성을 시사한다.

Role of Amino Acid Residues within the Disulfide Loop of Thanatin, a Potent Antibiotic Peptide

  • Lee, Myung-Kyu;Cha, Li-Na;Lee, Si-Hyung;Hahm, Kyung-Soo
    • BMB Reports
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    • 제35권3호
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    • pp.291-296
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    • 2002
  • Thanatin, a 21-residue peptide, is an inducible insect peptide with a broad range of activity against bacteria and fungi. It has a C-terminal disulfide loop, like the frog skin secretion antimicrobial peptides of the brevinin family. In this study, we tried to find the effect of a number of amino acids between the disulfide bond. Thanatin showed stronger antibacterial activity to Gram negative bacteria than other mutants, except Th1; whereas, the mutant peptides with deletion had higher activity to Gram positive bacteria than thanatin. An increase in the number of amino acid(s) using the alanine residue decreased the antibacterial activity in all of the bacteria. Th1 with deletion of threonine at position 15 ($Thr^{15}$) showed similar antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria, but had higher activity against the Gram positive bacteria. In order to study the structure-function relationship, we measured liposome disruption by the peptides and CD spectra of the peptides. Th1 also showed the highest liposome leaking activity and α-helical propensity in the sodium dodecyl sulfate solution, compared with other peptides. Liposome disruption activity was closely correlated with the anti-Gram positive bacterial activity. All of the peptides showed no hemolytic activity. Th1 was considered to be useful as an antimicrobial peptide with broad spectrum without toxicity.

16S rRNA 유전자 분석에 의한 전남 순천만 갯벌의 세균 다양성 (Bacterial Diversity in the Mud Flat of Sunchon Bay, Chunnam Provice, by 16S rRNA Gene Analysis)

  • 이명숙;홍순규;이동훈;배경숙
    • 미생물학회지
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    • 제37권2호
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    • pp.137-144
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    • 2001
  • 순천만 갯벌의 세균 군집의 다양성을 조사하기 위해 16S rDNA의 다양성을 조사하였다. 갯벌로부터 전체 핵산을 분리한 후, 세균에 상보적인 universal primer로 증폭된 16S rDNA로부터 클론 라이브러리를 만들었다. 총 111개의 클론으로부터 HaeIII를 이용하여 amplified rDNA restriction analysis (ARDRA)를 수행하고, Gelcompar II 프로그램을 이용하여 pattern을 clustering하였다. 111개의 클론 중 100가지의 서로 다른 RFLP type이 조사되었고, 이들 중 전체 클론 라이브러리를 대표할 수 있는 20개의 클론을 선별하여 부분적인 염기서열을 분석하여 세균 다양성을 분석하였다. 20개의 클론중에는 RDP와 GenBank에서 제공하는 small subunit RNA database와 동일한 클론은 존재하지 않았으며, 이미 알려진 배양 가능한 세균의 16S rRNA 염기서열과 비교 하였을때 77∼96.8%의 유사도를 보였다. 또한 이들 20개의 클론은 alpha-, delta-, gamma-Proteobacteria, low G+C Gram positive bacteria, high G+C Gram positive bacteria, Sphingobacteria (Cytophaga); Cyanobacteria (Chloroplast)등 주요한 7개 lineage에 속했으며, 클론들 중 Proteobacteria가 우점종을 차지하고 있었다.

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신생아 세균성 뇌막염의 원인균에 따른 치료와 예후 (Treatment and Prognosis according to Causative Organisms in Neonatal Bacterial Meningitis)

  • 김동준;이광훈;이형원;김길현;이학수
    • Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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    • 제4권1호
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    • pp.79-89
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    • 1997
  • 목 적 : 신생아 세균성 뇌막염은 임상 증상이 비특이적이며 여러가지 신경학적 후유증을 남길 수 있는 질환으로 본 저자들은 원인균 특히 그람 양성균과 음성균에 의한 뇌막염을 비 교 분석하여 치료 및 예후의 개선을 도모하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 1991년 1월부터 1996년 6월까지 중앙 길병원 신생아 중환자실과 소아과 병동에서 뇌척수액 검사상 균이 배양되었거나 latex agglutination test상 균이 밝혀진 24례를 대상으로 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결 과 : 1) 환아의 분포는 남아 17명, 여아 7명이었고, 그람 양성균에 의한 뇌막염 환아의 평균 출생 체중과 재태 기간은 $2.91{\pm}0.79kg$, $38.4{\pm}2.74$주, 그람 음성균군에서는 $3.30{\pm}0.90kg$, $37.7{\pm}3.33$ 주로 두 군간에 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았다. 2) 선행 요인으로는 미숙아, 태변 착색, 조기 양막 파수, 산모 당뇨병, 임신성 고혈압 등이 있었으며, 임상 증상 및 증후로는 발열, 경련, 수유량 감소, 대천문 팽대 등이 있었고, 증상 발현 시기는 조기 발현형이 11례(그람 양성균 4례, 그람 음성균 7례), 지연 발현형이 13례 (그람 양성균 7례, 그람 음성균 6례)였다. 3) 원인균은 그람 양성균이 11례로 coagulase-negative staphylococci와 group B streptococci가 각 3례, Staphyolococcus aureus와 Streptococcus viridans가 각 2례, enterococci가 1례가 있었으며, 그람 음성균은 13례로 Escherichia coli가 7례, Klebsiella pneumoniae가 3례 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobactor, Emterobacter가 각 1례씩 있었다. 4) 뇌척수액 검사상 백혈구 수치는 그람 음성균군에서 통계적으로 유의하게 높았으나 단백 수치와 당 수치는 두 군간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 5) 뇌초음파 검사상 그람 양성균군에서는 7례(63.6%)에서, 그람 음성균군에서는 10례 (76.9%)에서 비정상 소견을 보였으나 두 군간에 뇌초음파 검사상 비정상 소견의 빈도에 있어서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 6) 항생제 감수성 검사에서 그람 양성균군에서는 penicillin계통, 1세대 cephalosporin, vancomycin에, 그람 음성균군에서는 amikacin과 3세대 cephalosporin에 대해 비교적 높은 감수성을 보였다. 7) 사망율(병원내 사망이나 hopeless discharge)은 20.8%(5례)였으며, 예후는 그람 양성균 군과 그람 음성균군에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결 론 : 신생아 세균성 뇌막염은 그람 양성균과 그람 음성균 간의 빈도와 예후의 차이는 보이지 않았고 예후가 불량하므로 세균성 뇌막염이 의심되는 환아에서는 적극적인 치료가 필요하리라 사료된다.

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병원성미생물에 대한 Enrofloxacin과 Colistin의 배합비육에 따른 항균작용과 균의 사멸속도 (Killing Rate Curve and Antivacterial Activity against Various Pathogenic Bacteria in the Presence of Enrofloxacin and Colistin)

  • 윤효인;김민규;박승춘
    • 한국임상수의학회지
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    • 제14권2호
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    • pp.215-222
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    • 1997
  • Enrofloxacin-colistin combination, widely used in Gram negative infections in veterinary sector, was investigated in terms of MIC and initial killing rate using E coli k 88ab, Salmonella typhimurium, Pasteurella multocida type A, Bordetella bronchiseptica and Staphylococcus aureus as test organisms. On the basis of MICs of enrofloxacin-colistin combination against the above bacteria, killing rates of the combination of enrofloxacin and colistin at the ratio of 5:0, 4:1, 3:2, 1:1, 2:3, 1:4 and 0:5, indicated high and rapid antibacterial acitivities against all but Staphylococcus aureus R-209, with the number of bacteria reducing to less than one percent within two hours. At the MIC of enrofloxacin or colistin, both antibacterials showed the highest killing rates during 2-4 hours against Gram negatives such as E coli K88ab,Pasteurella multocida type A and Bodetella bronchiseptica but allowed the regrowth of the same pathogens thereafter. On the while, the combination of two antibacterials at a fourth MIC resulted in high killing rate without bacterial regrowth during 24 hours, suggesting the synergistic antivacterial effects. The combination, however, did not show favourable activity against Gram negatime S typhimurium and Gram positive S aureus ergistic antibacterial activity against Gram negatime pathogens but also colistin showed LPS-neutraization, we could suggest the combination should provide clinically positive therapeutic armarium in Gram negative infections.

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Mechanisms of Selective Antimicrobial Activity of Gaegurin 4

  • Kim, Hee-Jeong;Lee, Byeong-Jae;Lee, Mun-Han;Hong, Seong-Geun;Ryu, Pan-Dong
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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    • 제13권1호
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    • pp.39-47
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    • 2009
  • Gaegurin 4(GGN 4), an antimicrobial peptide isolated from a Korean frog, is five times more potent against Gram-positive than Gram-negative bacteria, but has little hemolytic activity. To understand the mechanism of such cell selectivity, we examined GGN4-induced $K^+$ efflux from target cells, and membrane conductances in planar lipid bilayers. The $K^+$ efflux from Gram-positive M. luteus(2.5 ${\mu}g/ml$) was faster and larger than that from Gram-negative E. coli(75 ${\mu}g/ml$), while that from RBC was negligible even at higher concentration(100 ${\mu}g/ml$). GGN4 induced larger conductances in the planar bilayers which were formed with lipids extracted from Gram-positive B. subtilis than in those from E. coli(p<0.01), however, the effects of GGN4 were not selective in the bilayers formed with lipids from E. coli and red blood cells. Addition of an acidic phospholipid, phosphatidylserine to planar bilayers increased the GGN4-induced membrane conductance(p<0.05), but addition of phosphatidylcholine or cholesterol reduced it(p<0.05). Transmission electron microscopy revealed that GGN4 induced pore-like damages in M. luteus and dis-layering damages on the outer wall of E. coli. Taken together, the present results indicate that the selectivity of GGN4 toward Gram-positive over Gram-negative bacteria is due to negative surface charges, and interaction of GGN4 with outer walls. The selectivity toward bacteria over RBC is due to the presence of phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol, and the trans-bilayer lipid asymmetry in RBC. The results suggest that design of selective antimicrobial peptides should be based on the composition and topology of membrane lipids in the target cells.

Antibacterial Effects of Extracts of Thuja Orientalis cv Aurea Nana Cones against Food-spoilage and Food-borne Pathogens

  • Yang, Xiao Nan;Hwang, Cher-Won;Kwon, Gi-Seok;Kang, Sun-Chul
    • 한국환경농학회지
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    • 제30권4호
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    • pp.459-465
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    • 2011
  • BACKGROUND: Nowadays, Chemical antiseptics have become great problems for health and environmental, so that developing of new substitutes for chemical antiseptics is more and more important. Natural product is a kind of environment-friendly additive that could be used as antiseptic in food industry. Thuja orientalis cv Aurea Nana is a gymnospermous plant of the family Cupressaceae, native to northwestern China and widely naturalised elsewhere in Korea and Japan. This study was aimed to investigate the antibacterial potential of various organic extracts from T. orientalis cones against some food-borne and food-spoilage bacteria. METHODS AND RESULTS: Hexane extract (HE), chloroform extract (CE), ethyl acetate extract (EAE) and methanol extract (ME) were obtained from female cones of T. orientalis. The antibacterial activities of various extracts were tested by standard agar diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against five gram-positive and six gram-negative bacteria. Cell viability and morphology change of L. monocytogenes ATCC 10943 treated with hexane extract were also observed. The various extracts displayed remarkable antibacterial effects against all the gram-positive bacteria but did not show any effect against the gram-negative bacteria. Hexane extract has the highest inhibitory effect on cell viability of L. monocytogenes ATCC 10943. SEM observation also demonstrated the damaging effect of the hexane extract on the morphology of L. monocytogenes ATCC 10943 at the minimum inhibitory concentration. CONCLUSION(s): The tested gram-positive bacteria were significantly inhibited by organic extracts of T. orientalis cone. Hexane extract was the most potent against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 10943, as evidenced by the lowest MIC level and the complete inhibition of cell viability within shortest exposure time, along with SEM observation.

Crystal Structure of DsbA from Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Its Functional Implications for CueP in Gram-Positive Bacteria

  • Um, Si-Hyeon;Kim, Jin-Sik;Song, Saemee;Kim, Nam Ah;Jeong, Seong Hoon;Ha, Nam-Chul
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • 제38권8호
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    • pp.715-722
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    • 2015
  • In Gram-negative bacteria in the periplasmic space, the dimeric thioredoxin-fold protein DsbC isomerizes and reduces incorrect disulfide bonds of unfolded proteins, while the monomeric thioredoxin-fold protein DsbA introduces disulfide bonds in folding proteins. In the Gram-negative bacteria Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, the reduced form of CueP scavenges the production of hydroxyl radicals in the copper-mediated Fenton reaction, and DsbC is responsible for keeping CueP in the reduced, active form. Some DsbA proteins fulfill the functions of DsbCs, which are not present in Gram-positive bacteria. In this study, we identified a DsbA homologous protein (CdDsbA) in the Corynebacterium diphtheriae genome and determined its crystal structure in the reduced condition at $1.5{\AA}$ resolution. CdDsbA consists of a monomeric thioredoxin-like fold with an inserted helical domain and unique N-terminal extended region. We confirmed that CdDsbA has disulfide bond somerase/reductase activity, and we present evidence that the N-terminal extended region is not required for this activity and folding of the core DsbA-like domain. Furthermore, we found that CdDsbA could reduce CueP from C. diphtheriae.

과 부영양형 호수의 유기물 변동에 따른 박테리아 군집의 그램 염색 특성 (The Gram-Stain Characteristics of the Bacterial Community as a Function of the Dynamics of Organic Debris in a Hypereutrophic Lake)

  • 강헌
    • 한국해양학회지
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    • 제24권3호
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    • pp.148-156
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    • 1989
  • 본 연구는 여러 수생생태계에서 유기물의 동적순환에 따른 부유성 박테리아와 부착성 박테리아의 그램염색(gram-stain) 특성을 알아보기 위한 일련의 시도로서 일본에서 두번째로 크며 부영양화가 상당히 진전된 가스미가우라 호수에서 1년간, 매주 실시했다. 이 전형적인 부영양형(eutrophic) 수생생태계의 박테리아군집의 그램염색 특성은 중영양형(mesotrophic) 환경과 같이 유기물의 유입에 따라 변화함을 보여준다. 그램음성(negative) 박테리아군집은 부유성 박테리아군집이 약 57%, 부착성 박테리아군집이 약 53%이며, 두 군집의 통계분석은 서로 다른 특성을 보여준다. 부착성 박테리아군집은 그램 양성, 음성 모두 쇄설성 유기물 형성과 분해에 영향을 미친다. 또한 그램 음성 부유박테리아는 특히 용존 유기물의 동적순환에 관여한다.

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제재공장내 슬라임 발생원의 분리와 동정 (Isolation and Identification of the Origins Causing the Slime Found in Pulp and Paper Making Processes)

  • 오정수;조병묵;김은희
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • 제25권3호
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    • pp.50-57
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    • 1997
  • The presence of slime in paper mills is practically universal. Many researches have been performed for many years to resolve the problem caused by the slime in pulp and paper mill. Many papers have been published to show the bacteria is a major cause of paper mill slime. Now that the recycling of the water has been increased and the regulations of a toxic chemical dosage have become more strengthen, the importance of the control of slime in pulp and paper mill recently has been more recognized. Therefore, to produce quality products at the lowest economic and environmental costs, a through study of the microbial ecology and the indentification of troublesome slime-forming bacteria is a quite necessary. The purpose of this paper is to indentify slime~forming bacteria isolated from the papermaking process. The samples were taken from four parts of making fine paper : machine chest, head box, wire part, white water tank. Machine chest showed the most numbers of bacteria, numbering $2.55{\times}10^7$. The different colony types were taken from the 105 dilution plate. Nine bacteria were identified u sing the Biolog system and the vitek system: 6 gram-negative bacteria, 3 gram-positive bacteria. They are Pseudomonas paucimobilis B., Staphylococcus sp., Acinetobacter calcoaceticus., Pseudomonas cepacia, Actinobaci1lus capsulatus, Acidovorax sp., Flavobacterium sp., and Staphylococcus auricularis in addition to one unidentified sp., Among them. Pseudomonas paucimobillis was found in all places where the samples were taken. And, each parts had the different predominant bacteria in it : Pseudomonas paucimobilis B. in machine chest, Acinetobactor calcoaceticus. in Wire Part and Staphylococcus sp. in head box.

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