• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.135-140
• /
• 2007

Antibacterial activities of the major phenolic components from Camellia sinensis L. were investigated against several pathogenic microorganisms including Gram-positive strains like Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and Streptococcus pyogens 308A; and Gram-negative strains like Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Escherichia coli 078, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 9027, and Enterobacter cloacae 1321E. The MIC values demonstrate that both (-)-epicatechin and (-)-epigallocatechin were more considerably toxic against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 than the other two catechins like (-)-epicatechingallate and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate. (-)-Epicatechingallate and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate were most inhibitory against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. As a result, (-)-epicatechin showed predominant antibacterial activities among tea varieties. The contents of major polyphenolic components such as four catechins, theaflavin, and quercetin were different according to fermentation processes. The total contents of four catechins were ranged from 13.81 to 1.33%, with (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate being dominant among tea varieties; theaflavin was found the characteristic pigment in fully-fermented black tea.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.152-156
• /
• 2010

Disposable contact lenses, which are one type of soft contact lenses, provide convenience in use, but also cause various ocular infectious diseases. Microorganisms that cause eye diseases include Acanthamoeba, bacteria, Fungi, and so on. It is impossible to prevent microorganism contamination completely due to the use of hands as wearing contact lenses. The contamination by various microorganisms leads to infectious keratitis, but it is not well known for the exact microorganisms that affect the disease. For this reason, to identify the microorganisms, two groups that are commonly used for disinfection of lenses were divided: normal saline solution and multiple purpose solution. Using these solutions the degree of microorganism contamination was observed according to the days of 1, 3, 5, 10, and 15. Twenty students by two groups from Ophthalmic Optics department at D college in Daegu Metropolitan city participated in the experiment after their ocular health conditions were checked. During they wore one-day disposable lenses for 1, 3, 5, 10, and 15 days, bacteria were cultured in media. The results, which were Gram stained by selecting the cultured colonies, show as followings: Gram positive cocci 33%, Gram-negative cocci 2%, Gram positive bacilli 34%, and the Gram negative bacilli 31%, respectively. As for the identification of potential pathogens, VITEK system and API kit methods were used. Keratitis caused by bacteria known as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa were detected as a result of wearing contact lenses. This study examined the distribution of bacteria as wearing one-day disposable contact lenses and pathogenic bacteria according to the duration of wearing them. In conclusion, the importance of hygiene when using contact lenses is suggested.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.568-584
• /
• 1994

Bacteria have been regarded as major etiolgic factors in root canal infections. Infected root canal flora from thirteen patients who had visited to conservative department of Wonkwang dental hospital were cultured on blood agar plates. Cultued microorganisms were isolated and identified with Gram stain and biochemical tests using Vitek Systems(BioMeriux, MO, USA); Antibiotic susceptibillity was performed with disk diffusion and broth microdilution using Vitek Systems. Gram positive cocci(65 %) were predominant, which were composed of 6 Streptococcus viridans group, 5 Staph. spp., and 4 Enterococcus faecium, in the isolatd 23 strains. Gram negative rods (26 %) were the next common bacteria, which were composed of 5 non - fermentative Gram negative rods, and 1 Enterobacter cloacae. Most strains of S. viridans group and E. faecium were susceptible to antibiotics including penicillin. But strains of Staphylococcus spp. and non - fermentative Gram negative rods showed marked resistance to antibiotics except tetrancyclin and cefotaxime. Most results between disk diffusion and microdilution were all agreed, but the results of non - fermentative Gram negative rods were susceptible to cefotaxime in disk diffusion method but resistant in microdilution.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.74-78
• /
• 2000

This study was investigated to evaluate the distribution of airborne microorganisms at underground shops in Seomyun and Nampodong, Pusan. The number of bacterial colonies on the nutrient agar plate plates were calculated by the open petri dish method for 30 minutes in indoor air of underground shops at every seasons in a year. There was no statistically significant difference between Seomyun and Nampodong in mean colony counts. Isolation rates of Gram positive rods was highest, and Gram positive cocci and Gram negative rods were followed. In Nampodong underground shops, Enterobacteriaceae strains was isolated. Mean colony counts according to seasons was higher at summer and autumn in Seomyun, and spring and winter in Nampodong. In near future, a study on the distribution of bacteria causing respiratory infection should be followed.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.151-159
• /
• 1997

This study was carried out to isolate of causative agents from CMT-positive and mean somatic cell count(SCC) $\geq$500,000 cells/ml mastitic milk, and evaluate to antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates in Iksan branch area from January to November, 1996. 1. The CMT-positivity(SCC 500,000 cells/ml) of 610 heads was 36.2% (221), and of 2,373 quarter milks was 16.1% (383). 2. The Gram-positive isolates were 153 strains which was Staphylococcus sp (115), Micrococcus sp (18), Streptococcus sp (10), Listeria monocytogenes (5) and Enterococcus faecalis(5). 3. The Gram-negative isolates were 66 strains including E coli(14), Yersinia sp (13), Shigella sp(8), Enterobacillus sp(8), Cedecea sp(5), Pseudomonas aeruginosa(5), Proteus sp(5), Klebsiella sp(4), Salmonella sp(2), kluyvera ascorbate(1) and Tatumella ptyseos (1). 4. The Gram positive strains of isolates were moderately susceptible to T/s, Cp, Fd, Imp, Aug, Rif, Cft and Va. And the Gram negative strains of Isolates were moderately susceptible to T/s, Cp, Imp, Pi and Ti, In order. 5. Multiple antimicrobial resistant patterns were encountered 62 and 36 from Gram positive and negative isolates, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.150-155
• /
• 2009

Purpose: To help the empirical antibiotics selection in diabetic foot infection patients, we investigated prevalence of microorganisms and their antibiotics sensitivity results. Materials and Methods: Patients who came to our clinics to treat diabetic foot infections with deep ulceration and were followed up more than 6 months until complete recovery were adopted. From March 2006 to June 2009, there were 140 patients who corresponded with such a inclusion criteria. Wound cultures were done by deep tissue or bone debris at first visit to our clinics. Microorganisms which was documented by wound culture and most susceptible antibiotics by minimum inhibitory concentrations were surveyed retrospectively. Results: Microorganisms were confirmed in 113 cases (80.7%). In the other 27 cases (19.3%), there were no cultured microorganisms. In bacterial growth group, there were 72 cases (63.7%) of gram-positive bacteria and 41 cases (36.3%) of gram-negative bacteria. All of them were aerobic microorganisms and there were no anaerobic microorganisms. Methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen and accounted for 35 cases (31.0%). As other common pathogens, there were Enterobacter cloacae (11 cases, 9.7%), pseudomonas aeruginosa (10 cases, 8.8%), Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (10 cases, 8.8%) and enterococcus faecalis (6 cases, 5.3%), and so on. Common susceptible antibiotics in gram positive microorganism were vancomycin (60 cases, 83.3%), teicoplanin (60 cases, 83.3%), nitrofurantoin (60 cases, 83.3%) and ciprofloxacin (53 cases, 73.6%). In gram negative ones, common susceptible antibiotics were imipenem (35 cases, 85.3%), piperacillin/tazobactam (33 cases, 80.5%) and gentamicin (31 cases, 75.6%). Conclusion: Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus in gram positive and enterobacter cloacae in gram negative was the most common pathogen in each group. Ciprofloxacin and gentamicin might be adaptable as a first-line empirical antibiotics in infected diabetic foot patients.

• The Microorganisms and Industry
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.10-18
• /
• 1991

A phylogenetic comparison of homologous protein can often supplement genetic and biochemical analysis by revealing conserved structures that are critical for function(Waugh et al., 1989). I therefore isolated a secY homologue from B. subtilis, a gram positive bacterium evolutionary distant from E. coli. The comparison and interplay between these two bacterial systems should contribute greatly to our understanding of the functions and interactions within systems evolved for protein translocation in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.31-36
• /
• 2011

The methanol extract of 12 medicinal plants were evaluated for its antibacterial activity against Gram-positive (5 strains) and Gram-negative bacteria (10 strains) by assay for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bacterial concentration (MBC). The antibacterial activity was determined by an agar dilution method (according to the guidelines of Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute). All the compounds (12 extracts) of the 8 medicinal plants (leaf or root) were active against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Gram-negative showed a more potent action than Gram positive bacteria. The MIC concentrations were various ranged from $0.6\;{\mu}g/ml$ to $5000\;{\mu}g/ml$. The lowest MIC ($0.6\;{\mu}g/ml$) and MBC ($1.22\;{\mu}g/ml$) values were obtained with extract on 4 and 3 of the 15 microorganisms tested, respectively.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.7-20
• /
• 1966

1. Of the 32 extracts from Genus of lishenes broth tested for antimicrobial activity, 28 inhibited at least one of the 3 test microorganisms used. 2. Twenty seven lichnes broth from 32 species tested were active against at least one of the Gram-positive bacteria M. pyogenes var, aureus 203 p, and twenty four lichenes broth from 32 Species tested were active against at least one of the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633. 3 Twenty five lichenes broth from 32 species tested were active against at least one of the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli 0.126. 4. The antibiotic substances in lichenes were readily extracted by organic solvents.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.15-22
• /
• 2013

Objective: Evaluations of the in-vitro anti-bacterial activities of aqueous extracts of Acacia catechu (L.F.)Willd, Castanea sativa, Ephedra sinica stapf and Shilajita mumiyo against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) are reasonable since these ethnomedicinal plants have been used in Persian folk medicine for treating skin diseases, venereal diseases, respiratory problems and nervous disorders for ages. Methods: The well diffusion method (KB testing) with a concentration of $250{\mu}g/disc$ was used for evaluating the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC). Maximum synergistic effects of different combinations of components were also observed. Results: A particular combination of Acacia catechu (L.F.) Willd, Castanea sativa, Ephedra sinica stapf and shilajita mumiyo extracts possesses an outstanding anti-bacterial activity. It's inhibiting effect on microorganisms is significant when compared to the control group (P<0.05). Staphylococcus aureus was the most sensitive microorganism. The highest anti-bacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia) or gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) was exerted by formula number 2 (table 1). Conclusion: The results reveal the presence of anti-bacterial activities of Acacia catechu, Castanea sativa husk, Ephedra sp. and Mumiyo against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Synergistic effects in a combined formula, especially in formula number 2 (ASLAN$^{(R)}$) can lead to potential sources of new antiseptic agents for treatment of acute or chronic skin ulcers. These results considering the significant anti-bacterial effect of the present formulation, support ethnopharmacological uses against diarrheal and venereal diseases and demonstrate use of these plants to treat infectious diseases.