• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.32-38
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• 2018

The objective of this research was to determine the grain oil most suitable for the production of omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) in China, in order to supply dietary omega-3 FAs. This study focused on the nutritional significance of omega-3 FAs and the wide search of sources of dietary omega-3 FA from oil grains produced in China. Five oil grains produced in the Yanbian region, namely sesame, flax, peanut, soybean, and corn, were selected and analyzed for their fat content and FA composition. Results showed that the lipid content in sesame, flax, and peanut, which was more than 30%, was higher than that in soybean and corn. The polyunsaturated FA content was found to be directly proportional to omega-3 FA content. Flax showed a considerably higher omega-3 FA content (53.43%) than other samples, suggesting its potential as a source of dietary omega-3 FA. The optimal daily intake of flax for males and females was determined to be 2.99 g (over one table spoon) and 2.06 g (nearly one table spoon), respectively. Flax showed the lowest ratio of omega-6 and omega-3 FA (0.32%), which can help reduce this ratio in the human body; the intake of equal amounts of flax and corn could achieve an optimum ratio of 1:1. These results can prove to be valuable in the preparation of various functional dairy foods in the future.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.119-123
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• 1998

Effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on nitrogen (N) uptake , leaf N concentration, N partitioning , N use efficiency (NUE) and grain yield of pot and field grown rice (Oryza sativa. L.cv. Chukwangbyeo) under canopy-like conditions were studied over three years. Rice plants were grown in pots and in the field in temperature gradient chambers containing either ambient(350ppm) or elevated CO2 concentrations (690 or 650ppm) in conbination with either four or seven temperature regimes ranging form ambient temperature(AT) to AT plus 3$^{\circ}C$. There were three N supplies 94g or 6g m-2 to 20g or 48g m-2.Elevated CO2 increased N uptake in field-grown rice ; the magnitude of this effect was thelargest (+15%) at the highest N level. However, in pot-grown rice, N uptake was suppressed with the effect was the largest at high N levels. Leaf N concentration declined at elevated CO2 mainly due to a decrease in N partitiioning to the leaf blades. Air temperature had little effect on the N parameters mentioned previously, wherease NUE for spikelet production declined rapidly with increased temperature irrespective of CO2 concentration. The response of the biomass to elevated CO2 varied with N level, with the greatest response at 20g N m-2 (+30%) . At AT, where high temperature-induced sterility was generally not observed, elevated CO2 increased yield. However, the magnitude of this effect varied greatly (2-39%) with N level, and was mainly dependent on the magnitude of the increase in spikelet number.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.80-96
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• 1999

This research focused on pattern adjustments of the stable knit garment for women. Fourteen different types of the knitted fabrics by 12 gauge, computerized flat bed machines were cut in as one half of the torso front, one half of the torso back, and one side of the sleeves for each of them. Guidelines such as the center front, the center back, the armhole, the bust-line, the waistline, the hip-line the hemline were basted on the torso patterns in the knitted fabrics. Also the grain-line, the elbow-line, and the hemline were basted on the one side of the sleeves in the same as above knitted fabrics. The torso patterns in the knitted fabrics were exhibited on the dress-forms on top of the torso patterns in Muslin, which also have the same guidelines drawn on. The distances between the guidelines on Muslin and those on the knitted fabrics for each set of the sample fabrics were measured every three days for two weeks. The fabric properties of the fourteen knitted fabrics such as fiber contents, stitch density both in the wale and course directions, weight, thickness, stretch & recovery, residual shrinkage, relaxation and drapability were laboratory tested for how these were related to finished appearance of 12 gauge, computerized flat knit garments and also in order to prove the fourteen knitted fabrics fall to a category of such as the stable knit. The results from the investigation revealed that six fabric properties such as stitch density, thickness, stretch recovery, residual shrinkage and relaxation were not so much significant factors as weight and drapability. In conclusion, fabric weight, and drapability of the fabric resulting from fiber contents were the cause of final appearance distortion of garment. When adapting patterns for stabilized, 12 gauge, computerized flat knitted fabrics, the fiber contents of the fabrics should be taken into consideration to reduce the production cost and produce better-fit garments.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.516-523
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• 2006

In recent years, Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys have become a center of special interest in the automobile industry. Due to their high specific mechanical properties, they offer a significant weight saving potential in modern vehicle constructions. Most Mg alloys show very good machinability and processability, and even the most complicated die-casting parts can be easily produced. The die casting process is a fast production method capable of a high degree of automation for which certain Mg alloys are ideally suited. In this study, step-dies and flowability tests for AM50 were performed by die-casting process according to various combination of casting pressure and plunger velocity. We were discussed to velocity effect of forming conditions followed by results of microstructure, FESEM-EDX, hardness and tensile strength. Experimental results represented that the conditions of complete filling measured die-casting pressure 400 bar, 1st plunger velocity 1.0 m/s and 2nd plunger velocity 6.0 m/s. The increasing of 2nd plunger velocity 4.0 to 7.0 m/s decreased average grain size of $\alpha$ phase and pore. It was due to rapid filling of molten metal, increasing of cooling rate and pressure followed by increased 2nd plunger velocity. The pressure should maintain until complete solidification to make castings of good quality, however, the cracks were appeared at pressure 800bar over.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.60-64
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• 1999

The addition of Co into $Nd_4Fe_{77.5-x}Co_x(HfGa)_yB_{18.5}(0$\leq$x$\leq$5, y=0, 0.5)4 was found to enhance the magnetic properties of $Fe_3B/Nd_2Fe_{14}B$ nanocomposite magnets. The enhancement resulted from the fact that Co retarded the crystallization of $\alpha$-Fe or Fe3B but accelerated that $Nd_2Fe_{14}B$. The decreased interval between the onset of crystallization temperature of Fe3B and $Nd_2Fe_{14}B$. phases enabled the grain growth of each phase to be uniform dufing a post annealing of the melt spun ribbons. The addition of 3~5 at. % Co into ternary composition $Md_4Fe_{77.5}B_{18.5}$ increased the coercivity (iHc) from 3.27 to 3.54 kOe with the enhanced remanence value (4$\pi$Mr) around 11.54 kG. From the ribbon magnets of Nd4Fe71.5Co5Hf0.5B18.5 made at 26 m/sec and annealed at 68$0^{\circ}C$ for 10 min, the magnetic properties of Br=11.54 kG, iHc=3.54 kOe, and (BH)max=14.35 MGOe were obtained from volume production line.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.215-219
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• 2012

An attempt was made to evaluate creep reliability of two commercial Ni-based superalloys by using ultrasonic wave. The materials include fine-grained PM alloy fabricated by mechanical alloying and subsequent hot isostatic pressing, and IN738LC cast alloy with a grain size of a few cm. Microstructural parameters (fraction of creep cavity and size of ${\gamma}^{\prime}$ precipitates) and ultrasonic parameters (velocity, attenuation) were measured to try to find relationships between them. Ultrasonic velocity decreased with creep cavity formation in PM alloy. On the other hand, no distinct changing trend of ultrasonic velocity was observed for IN738LC alloy. Ultrasonic attenuation was found to have a linear correlation with the size of ${\gamma}^{\prime}$ precipitates and was suggested as a potential parameter for monitoring creep reliability of IN738LC alloy.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2005

전곡립(whole grains)의 압출성형 및 효소처리에 따른 가공학적 특성과 생리적 특성을 연구하였다. 압출공정 처리한 전곡립 시료의 이화학적 특성은 호화도, 소화도, 저향전분 등을 측정하였으며, 이를 압출공정 처리하지 않은 생원료 및 볶음시료와 비교하였다. 압출공정은 모든 곡류의 호화도를 크게 증가시켰으며, 특히 보리의 경우에는 압출공정에 의해 원료시료 보다 약 7배정도 증가하였다. 소화도 역시 압출공정에 의해 원료시료나 볶음시료에 두드러지게 증가하여 보리의 경우 2.6배까지 증가하였다. 또한 압출공정에 의해 저항전분의 감소 등이 뚜렷하게 관찰되었다. 전곡립을 압출공정과 식물세포벽 분해효소를 복합적으로 처리한 경우 처리하지 않은 원료와 비교하여 ${\beta}-sitosterol$이 최대 13배까지 증가하였다. 압출공정 후 효소처리는 생리활성 물질의 유리효과 뿐만 아니라 수용성 식이섬유 함량의 증가 소화율의 증가 등 각종 이화학적 특성도 향상시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 압출공정과 효소처리를 복합적으로 적용하였을 때 전곡립의 가공학적 특성과 생리적 특성이 뚜렷하게 향상되는 것을 의미하는 것으로 산업적인 유용성이 매우 높다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.470-474
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• 2011

볏짚은 한국에서 매년 대량 생산되는 주요 작물이다. 침지공정을 이용한 목질계 바이오매스의 전처리는 대기압과 $60^{\circ}C$의 온도에서 온화한 조건에서 수행되었다. 본 연구에서는 전처리된 바이오매스의 효소당화 조건을 찾아보았다. 볏짚의 경우에 이전의 목질계 바이오매스와 비교하여 당화시간이 다른 것들보다 짧은 것으로 나타났다. SAA(Soaking in Aqueous Ammonia) 전처리 볏짚의 당화는 40~48시간 사이에 종료가 되었고 $50^{\circ}C$에서 높은 글루코스 전환율을 나타냈다. 글루코스 전환율은 효소사용량이 각각 65 FPU/ml과 32 CbU/ml일 때 높았다. 기질 농도가 5%(w/v)일 때 전환율은 72시간 동안 당화 후에 83.8%로 나타났다. SAA 전처리 볏짚의 동시당화발효(SSF; Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation) 실험에서는 $40^{\circ}C$에서 높은 에탄올 생산수율을 보였다. 그때의 수율은 48시간에서 33.05%로 나타났다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2003

In the early years of the Koryo dynasty(877~1392), the grain production was encouraged and the consumption of meat was abstained because of the Buddhism. Therefore, desserts including rice cos and cookies and teas were prevalent. Specially, the cooking skill of the desserts was highly developed because the desserts were the requisite of offered in Buddhist service and national ceremonies. Also, the king took the lead in abstaining to eat meat. According to $\boxDr$Koryodokyung$\boxUl$ , People in the early Years of the Koryo dynasty were unskilled to slaughter for serving meat to the envoy from China. Most ceremonies in Koryo dynasty were held fur retainers by king and the ceremonies held to celebrate the coronation, birth of the royal grandchildren, and royal birthday, and to treat the envoys and merchants from China(Song dynasty) and Tamra kingdom. The ceremonies were continuously held from the early year to the later year of Koryo dynasty. The aristocracy of the Koryo dynasty often held the extravagant ceremonies and drank liquor a lot in the ceremony and offered the extravagant foods such as oil-and-honey pastry and milk, which caused the national problem later. The royal religious ceremonies held often in the Koryo dynasty were ancestor worship ceremony, tea ceremony, lotus lantern ceremony, Palgwanhoe, etc. In Koryo dynasty, there were several government offices that took charge of royal dietary culture as follows: 1. Yomulgo (料物庫) - government office supplied with provisions 2. Sasunseo(司謄署) - government office that took charge of various kinds of side dishes 3. Saonseo(司酪署) - government office that took charge of wine and liquor 4. Naejangtaek(內莊宅) - government office managed paddy fields and dry fields owned by royal family 5. Sangsikguk(尙食局) - government office same as Sasunseo that took charge of various kinds of side dishes, the name changed to Sasunseo later 6. Sungwanseo (謄官署) - government office that took charge of foods for various religious services and ceremonies 7. Naewonseo (內園署) - government office that took charge of the garden

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2016년도 춘계학술대회 및 임시총회
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• pp.27-27
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• 2016

The ascomycete fungus Fusarium graminearum is the most common pathogen of Fusarium head blight (FHB), a devastating disease for major cereal crops worldwide. FHB causes significant crop losses by reducing grain yield and quality as well as contaminating cereals with trichothecenes and zearalenone (ZEA) that pose a serious threat to animal health and food safety. ZEA is a causative agent of hyperestrogenic syndrome in mammals and can result in reproductive disorders in farm animals. In F. graminearum, the ZEA biosynthetic cluster is composed of four genes, PKS4, PKS13, ZEB1, and ZEB2, which encode a reducing polyketide synthase, a nonreducing polyketide synthase, an isoamyl alcohol oxidase, and a transcription factor, respectively. Although it is known that ZEB2 primarily acts as a regulator of ZEA biosynthetic cluster genes, the mechanism underlying this regulation remains undetermined. In this study, two isoforms (ZEB2L and ZEB2S) from the ZEB2 gene in F. graminearum were characterized. It was revealed that ZEB2L contains a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) DNA-binding domain at the N-terminus, whereas ZEB2S is an N-terminally truncated form of ZEB2L that lacks the bZIP domain. Interestingly, ZEA triggered the induction of both ZEB2L and ZEB2S transcription. In ZEA producing condition, the expression of ZEB2S transcripts via alternative promoter usage was directly or indirectly initiated by ZEA. Physical interaction between ZEB2L and ZEB2L as well as between ZEB2L and ZEB2S was observed in the nucleus. The ZEB2S-ZEB2S interaction was detected in both the cytosol and the nucleus. ZEB2L-ZEB2L oligomers activated ZEA biosynthetic cluster genes, including ZEB2L. ZEB2S inhibited ZEB2L transcription by forming ZEB2L-ZEB2S heterodimers, which reduced the DNA-binding activity of ZEB2L. This study provides insight into the autoregulation of ZEB2 expression by alternative promoter usage and a feedback loop during ZEA production.